Test Bank for Concepts in Strategic Management and Business Policy: Globalization, Innovation and Sustainability, 15th Edition

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Strategic Management and Business Policy, 15e (Wheelen et al.)
Chapter 1 Basic Concepts in Strategic Management
1) The emphasis of strategic management is on
A) long-term performance.
B) first line managers.
C) the short-run performance of the corporation.
D) an examination of the organization's internal environment.
E) an investigation of competitor actions.
Answer: A
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Obj.: 1.1: Discuss the benefits of strategic management
AACSB: Application of knowledge
2) Research suggests that strategic management evolves through four sequential phases in
corporations. The first phase is
A) externally oriented planning.
B) basic financial planning.
C) internally oriented planning.
D) forecast-based planning.
E) strategic management.
Answer: B
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Obj.: 1.1: Discuss the benefits of strategic management
AACSB: Application of knowledge
3) The time horizon involved with regard to basic financial planning is usually
A) one year.
B) one quarter.
C) three to five years.
D) less than one month.
E) five to ten years.
Answer: A
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Obj.: 1.1: Discuss the benefits of strategic management
AACSB: Application of knowledge
4) A difference between basic financial planning and forecast-based planning is
A) the time horizon is shorter in forecast-based planning.
B) forecast-based planning incorporates environmental data and extrapolates current trends.
C) basic financial planning utilizes consultants with sophisticated techniques.
D) basic financial planning utilizes scenarios and contingency strategies.
E) basic financial planning relies heavily on input from lower levels in the organization.
Answer: B
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.1: Discuss the benefits of strategic management
AACSB: Analytical thinking

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5) Top-down planning that emphasizes formal strategy formulation and leaves the
implementation issues to lower management levels is known as
A) forecast-based planning.
B) externally oriented planning.
C) strategic management.
D) basic financial planning.
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.1: Discuss the benefits of strategic management
AACSB: Application of knowledge
6) In the final phase of strategic management, strategic information is available to
A) people throughout the organization.
B) the top management responsible for decision-making.
C) middle management.
D) operational personnel.
E) only those responsible for implementing the strategy.
Answer: A
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.1: Discuss the benefits of strategic management
AACSB: Application of knowledge
7) In a survey of 50 corporations, which of the following was rated as one of the three top
benefits of strategic management?
A) clearer sense of strategic vision for the firm
B) higher levels of employee motivation
C) higher levels of job satisfaction
D) improved productivity
E) lower employee turnover
Answer: A
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.1: Discuss the benefits of strategic management
AACSB: Application of knowledge
8) When an organization is evaluating its strategic position, which is not one of the strategic
questions that an organization generally may ask itself?
A) Where is the organization now?
B) Are we on target to hit our financial objectives next year?
C) If no changes are made, where will the organization be in one year?
D) If the evaluation is negative, what specific actions should management take?
E) If no changes are made, where will the organization be in 10 years?
Answer: B
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.1: Discuss the benefits of strategic management
AACSB: Analytical thinking

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9) Research of the planning practices of companies in the oil industry concludes that the real
value of modern strategic planning is more in the ________ that is part of a future-oriented
planning process than in any resulting written strategic plan.
A) planning
B) strategic thinking and organizational learning
C) resulting written strategic plan
D) formality of the process
E) improved communication within the organization
Answer: B
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Obj.: 1.1: Discuss the benefits of strategic management
AACSB: Application of knowledge
10) Strategic planning within a small organization
A) may be informal and irregular.
B) must be elaborate to allow for future growth.
C) should always be formalized and explicitly stated.
D) should be done by the president only.
E) is unnecessary and a waste of time.
Answer: A
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.1: Discuss the benefits of strategic management
AACSB: Application of knowledge
11) Strategic planning in a multidivisional corporation
A) should be informal to allow complete understanding by the many participants.
B) should be instigated only from the main corporate office.
C) should be accomplished quickly to decrease the likelihood of it becoming outdated.
D) should encourage a clear delineation between top management and lower-level managers.
E) should be a formalized and sophisticated system.
Answer: E
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.1: Discuss the benefits of strategic management
AACSB: Application of knowledge
12) Strategic management is the set of managerial decisions that determines the short-term
performance of a corporation.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Obj.: 1.1: Discuss the benefits of strategic management
AACSB: Application of knowledge

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13) In the externally oriented planning phase, plans are developed by heavily involving the input
of managers from lower levels.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.1: Discuss the benefits of strategic management
AACSB: Application of knowledge
14) General Electric led the transition from strategic planning to strategic management during
the 1980s.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Obj.: 1.1: Discuss the benefits of strategic management
AACSB: Application of knowledge
15) One of the benefits of strategic management is a clearer sense of strategic vision for the firm.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.1: Discuss the benefits of strategic management
AACSB: Analytical thinking
16) To be effective, strategic management must be a formal process.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Obj.: 1.1: Discuss the benefits of strategic management
AACSB: Analytical thinking
17) What are the benefits of strategic management?
Answer: The three most highly rated benefits of strategic management are:
1. Clearer sense of strategic vision for the organization
2. Sharper focus on what is strategically important
3. Improved understanding of a rapidly changing environment
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.1: Discuss the benefits of strategic management
AACSB: Application of knowledge
18) The integrated internationalization of markets and corporations is called
A) normalization.
B) economic integration.
C) globalization.
D) nationalization.
E) regionalization.
Answer: C
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Obj.: 1.2: Explain how globalization, innovation, and environmental sustainability
influence strategic management
AACSB: Application of knowledge

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19) The term used to describe new products, services, methods, and organizational approaches
that allow businesses to achieve extraordinary returns is
A) ROI.
B) innovation.
C) competitive advantage.
D) sustainability.
E) profit maximization.
Answer: B
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.2: Explain how globalization, innovation, and environmental sustainability
influence strategic management
AACSB: Application of knowledge
20) The free trade area composed of Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, Venezuela, and Paraguay is
called
A) EU.
B) ASEAN.
C) NAFTA.
D) Mercosur.
E) ABUP.
Answer: D
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.2: Explain how globalization, innovation, and environmental sustainability
influence strategic management
AACSB: Application of knowledge
21) Members of the European Union (EU) include all of the following EXCEPT
A) Ireland.
B) Great Britain.
C) Belgium.
D) France.
E) Slovakia.
Answer: B
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Obj.: 1.2: Explain how globalization, innovation, and environmental sustainability
influence strategic management
AACSB: Application of knowledge

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22) Canada, the United States, and Mexico are affiliated economically under which trade
alliance?
A) ASEAN
B) Mercosur
C) EU
D) NAFTA
E) CAFTA
Answer: D
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Obj.: 1.2: Explain how globalization, innovation, and environmental sustainability
influence strategic management
AACSB: Application of knowledge
23) The currency used to integrate the monetary systems of the European Union (EU) is called
the
A) peso.
B) dollar.
C) euro.
D) franc.
E) pound.
Answer: C
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Obj.: 1.2: Explain how globalization, innovation, and environmental sustainability
influence strategic management
AACSB: Application of knowledge
24) The triple bottom line refers to which of the following?
A) water, air, and oil
B) footprints, finance, and environment
C) physical environment, traditional profit/loss, and air
D) traditional profit/loss, social responsibility, and environmental responsibility
E) social responsibility, people, and ethics
Answer: D
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Obj.: 1.2: Explain how globalization, innovation, and environmental sustainability
influence strategic management
AACSB: Application of knowledge

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25) One of the benefits of globalization is
A) economies of scale.
B) decreased outsourcing.
C) increased union negotiations.
D) increased taxes.
E) additional human resource training.
Answer: A
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.2: Explain how globalization, innovation, and environmental sustainability
influence strategic management
26) Knowing a company is mindful of its impact on the environment seldom changes consumer
buying habits.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.2: Explain how globalization, innovation, and environmental sustainability
influence strategic management
27) Globalization is the integrated internationalization of markets and corporations.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Obj.: 1.2: Explain how globalization, innovation, and environmental sustainability
influence strategic management
AACSB: Application of knowledge
28) As more industries become global, strategic management is becoming less important in
positioning a company for long-term competitive advantage.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.2: Explain how globalization, innovation, and environmental sustainability
influence strategic management
AACSB: Analytical thinking
29) Business sustainability reflects business practices to manage the firm's triple bottom line.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.2: Explain how globalization, innovation, and environmental sustainability
influence strategic management
AACSB: Application of knowledge
30) One member of the European Union (EU) is Chile.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.2: Explain how globalization, innovation, and environmental sustainability
influence strategic management
AACSB: Application of knowledge

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31) The goal of NAFTA is complete economic integration among Canada, the United States, and
Mexico.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.2: Explain how globalization, innovation, and environmental sustainability
influence strategic management
AACSB: Application of knowledge
32) Climate change has become a growing concern for businesses to include in their corporate
strategies.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.2: Explain how globalization, innovation, and environmental sustainability
influence strategic management
AACSB: Application of knowledge
33) Boston Consulting Group (BCG) found that innovation is a top 3 priority for three-quarters
of the companies in the 2014 BCG global innovation survey.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.2: Explain how globalization, innovation, and environmental sustainability
influence strategic management
AACSB: Application of knowledge
34) A Gallup study reported that companies that focused on business sustainability had 3.9 times
the EPS growth rates as compared to organizations that did not focus on business sustainability.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Obj.: 1.2: Explain how globalization, innovation, and environmental sustainability
influence strategic management
AACSB: Application of knowledge
35) Define globalization and identify the role of strategic management in globalization.
Answer: Globalization is the internationalization of markets and corporations. It has changed the
way that modern corporations do business. As more industries become global, strategic
management is becoming an increasingly important way to keep track of international
developments and position the company for long-term competitive advantage.
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Obj.: 1.2: Explain how globalization, innovation, and environmental sustainability
influence strategic management
AACSB: Application of knowledge

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36) Which theory proposes that once an organization is successfully established in a particular
environmental niche, it is unable to adapt to changing conditions?
A) population ecology
B) institution
C) citizenship
D) strategic choice
E) organizational learning
Answer: A
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.3: Discuss the differences between the theories of organizations
AACSB: Application of knowledge
37) The theory that proposes organizations can and do adapt to changing conditions by imitating
other successful organizations is known as
A) population ecology.
B) institution theory.
C) citizenship theory.
D) strategic theory.
E) sample theory.
Answer: B
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.3: Discuss the differences between the theories of organizations
AACSB: Application of knowledge
38) The ability of an organization to reshape its environment is described by
A) population ecology theory.
B) institution theory.
C) the strategic choice perspective.
D) organizational learning theory.
E) organizational citizenship theory.
Answer: C
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.3: Discuss the differences between the theories of organizations
AACSB: Application of knowledge
39) Population ecology is a theory that proposes organizations can and do adapt to change by
imitating other successful organizations.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Obj.: 1.3: Discuss the differences between the theories of organizations
AACSB: Application of knowledge

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40) The ability of a corporation to shift from one dominant strategy to another is called
A) strategy implementation.
B) chaos formulation.
C) contingency management.
D) logical incrementalism.
E) strategic flexibility.
Answer: E
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.4: Discuss the activities where learning organizations excel
AACSB: Application of knowledge
41) An organization skilled at creating, acquiring, and transferring knowledge, and at modifying
its behavior to reflect new knowledge and insights is a(n)
A) learning organization.
B) strategically managed corporation.
C) innovative organization.
D) hypercompetitive competitor.
E) entrepreneurial firm.
Answer: A
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Obj.: 1.4: Discuss the activities where learning organizations excel
AACSB: Application of knowledge
42) All of the following reflect activities of a learning organization EXCEPT
A) experimenting with new approaches.
B) learning from its own experiences and past history.
C) solving problems systematically.
D) alienating competitors in the industry.
E) transferring knowledge quickly and efficiently throughout the organization.
Answer: D
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.4: Discuss the activities where learning organizations excel
AACSB: Application of knowledge
43) According to Alfred Chandler,
A) high-tech industries cannot be defined by "paths of learning" if they want to evolve.
B) companies spring from an individual entrepreneur's knowledge, which is composed
exclusively of technical skills.
C) once a corporation has built its learning base to the point where it has become a core company
in its industry, entrepreneurial start-ups are rarely able to successfully enter.
D) learned capabilities derive from organizational strengths.
E) organizational knowledge can seldom be a competitive advantage.
Answer: C
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Obj.: 1.4: Discuss the activities where learning organizations excel
AACSB: Application of knowledge

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44) According to organizational learning theory, an organization uses knowledge to improve the
fit between itself and its environment.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.4: Discuss the activities where learning organizations excel
AACSB: Application of knowledge
45) Strategic flexibility is the ability to shift from one dominant strategy to another.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Obj.: 1.4: Discuss the activities where learning organizations excel
AACSB: Application of knowledge
46) One tenet of the learning organization is to maintain stability.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.4: Discuss the activities where learning organizations excel
AACSB: Application of knowledge
47) What are the four main activities of a learning organization?
Answer: The four main activities of a learning organization are solving problems systematically,
experimenting with new approaches, learning from their experiences and history as well as from
the experiences of others, and transferring knowledge quickly and efficiently throughout the
organization.
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.4: Discuss the activities where learning organizations excel
AACSB: Application of knowledge
48) Strategic management is that set of managerial decisions and actions that determine the long-
run performance of a corporation. Which one of the following is not one of the basic elements of
the strategic management process?
A) strategy formulation
B) strategy implementation
C) statistical process control
D) evaluation and control
E) environmental scanning
Answer: C
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Obj.: 1.5: Describe the basic model of strategic management and its components
AACSB: Application of knowledge

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49) The monitoring, evaluating, and disseminating of information from the external and internal
environments to key people within the corporation is referred to as
A) environmental scanning.
B) external scanning.
C) internal scanning.
D) strategy formulation.
E) strategy implementation.
Answer: A
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.5: Describe the basic model of strategic management and its components
AACSB: Application of knowledge
50) The S in SWOT stands for
A) strategies.
B) scanning.
C) strengths.
D) societal.
E) sociocultural.
Answer: C
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Obj.: 1.5: Describe the basic model of strategic management and its components
AACSB: Application of knowledge
51) The T in SWOT stands for
A) trust.
B) technical.
C) terminal.
D) threats.
E) task.
Answer: D
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Obj.: 1.5: Describe the basic model of strategic management and its components
AACSB: Application of knowledge
52) The variables structure, culture, and resources pertain to the
A) external environment.
B) internal environment.
C) sociocultural forces.
D) task environment.
E) societal environment.
Answer: B
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.5: Describe the basic model of strategic management and its components
AACSB: Application of knowledge

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53) The task environment
A) includes those elements or groups within an organization's industry.
B) encompasses the physical working areas of the organization.
C) is an accounting of the many jobs within an organization.
D) is an advisory committee to top-management.
E) includes general forces that only indirectly affect an organization's activities.
Answer: A
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.5: Describe the basic model of strategic management and its components
AACSB: Application of knowledge
54) Which one of the following is included in the firm's societal environment?
A) competitors
B) economic forces
C) resources
D) governments
E) special interest groups
Answer: B
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.5: Describe the basic model of strategic management and its components
AACSB: Application of knowledge
55) Which one of the following is included in the firm's task environment?
A) technological factors
B) sociocultural factors
C) culture
D) stockholders
E) political-legal forces
Answer: D
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.5: Describe the basic model of strategic management and its components
AACSB: Application of knowledge
56) The Strategic Management Model presents the following process for strategy formulation:
A) Objectives – Policies – Strategies – Mission.
B) Mission – Policies – Strategies – Objectives.
C) Policies – Mission – Strategies – Objectives.
D) Policies – Strategies – Objectives – Mission.
E) Mission – Objectives – Strategies – Policies.
Answer: E
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.5: Describe the basic model of strategic management and its components
AACSB: Analytical thinking

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57) The development of long-range plans for the effective management of environmental
opportunities and threats in light of corporate strengths and weaknesses is known as
A) strategy formulation.
B) strategy implementation.
C) strategy control.
D) strategic analysis.
E) strategy evaluation.
Answer: A
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.5: Describe the basic model of strategic management and its components
AACSB: Application of knowledge
58) The corporate mission is best described by which one of the following?
A) a description of the activities carried out by the organization
B) the purpose or reason for the corporation's existence
C) a description of top management's responsibilities
D) a statement of corporate objectives
E) a statement of what the organization would like to become
Answer: B
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.5: Describe the basic model of strategic management and its components
AACSB: Application of knowledge
59) Which one of the following is an example of a mission with a narrow scope?
A) transportation (vs. railroads)
B) computers (vs. office equipment)
C) health care (vs. hospitals)
D) real estate (vs. apartments)
E) telecommunications (vs. television)
Answer: B
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Obj.: 1.5: Describe the basic model of strategic management and its components
AACSB: Analytical thinking
60) The organization's corporate mission statement
A) should have a different mission statement for each subsidiary division.
B) should be less formally stated to allow for growth.
C) should contain explicit descriptions of their competitive advantages.
D) should state what the organization would like to become.
E) should describe the organization's SWOT.
Answer: C
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.5: Describe the basic model of strategic management and its components
AACSB: Application of knowledge

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61) Which of the following is an example of a mission statement?
A) diversify product line to appeal to more people
B) increase sales by ten percent over last year
C) pay highest salaries to keep high quality employees
D) develop and sell quality appliances worldwide
E) divide a sales region into a group of sales districts
Answer: D
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Obj.: 1.5: Describe the basic model of strategic management and its components
AACSB: Application of knowledge
62) A goal differs from an objective because it
A) is open-ended.
B) is quantified.
C) specifies measurable results.
D) is clearly specified.
E) provides a time horizon.
Answer: A
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Obj.: 1.5: Describe the basic model of strategic management and its components
AACSB: Analytical thinking
63) Which of the following is an example of an objective?
A) to diversify product line to appeal to more people
B) to increase sales by ten percent over last year
C) to pay highest salaries to keep high quality employees
D) to develop and sell quality appliances worldwide
E) to divide a sales region into a group of sales districts
Answer: B
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Obj.: 1.5: Describe the basic model of strategic management and its components
AACSB: Application of knowledge
64) Which of the following is an example of a corporate strategy?
A) diversify product line to appeal to more people
B) imitate products of competitors
C) pay highest salaries to keep high quality employees
D) develop and sell quality appliances worldwide
E) divide a sales region into a group of sales districts
Answer: A
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Obj.: 1.5: Describe the basic model of strategic management and its components
AACSB: Application of knowledge

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65) The type of strategy, which describes a company's overall direction in terms of its general
attitude toward growth and the management of its various businesses is
A) functional.
B) operational.
C) business.
D) product.
E) corporate.
Answer: E
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.5: Describe the basic model of strategic management and its components
AACSB: Application of knowledge
66) The type of strategy, which emphasizes the improvement of the competitive position of a
corporation's products or services in a particular industry or market segment served by a business
unit is
A) functional.
B) operational.
C) business.
D) environmental.
E) corporate.
Answer: C
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.5: Describe the basic model of strategic management and its components
AACSB: Application of knowledge
67) The type of strategy, which achieves corporate and business unit objectives and strategies by
maximizing resource productivity is
A) functional.
B) operational.
C) business.
D) product.
E) corporate.
Answer: A
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.5: Describe the basic model of strategic management and its components
AACSB: Application of knowledge
68) A large business has three levels in its hierarchy of strategy:
A) Corporate – Business – Functional.
B) Environmental – Corporate – Functional.
C) Environmental – Enterprise – Corporate.
D) Business – Divisional – Functional.
E) Industry – Corporate – Divisional.
Answer: A
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.5: Describe the basic model of strategic management and its components
AACSB: Application of knowledge

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69) As defined in this course, a policy is
A) the purpose or reason for a corporation's existence.
B) a statement of activities or steps needed to accomplish a single-use plan.
C) a broad guideline for making decisions that links the formulation of strategy with its
implementation.
D) a comprehensive master plan stating how a corporation will achieve its mission and
objectives.
E) a statement of a corporation's programs in dollar terms.
Answer: C
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Obj.: 1.5: Describe the basic model of strategic management and its components
AACSB: Analytical thinking
70) Which of the following is an example of a policy?
A) Diversify product line to appeal to more people.
B) Increase sales by ten percent over last year.
C) Only acquire companies of 75 employees or more; 75 percent must be engineers.
D) Develop and sell quality appliances worldwide.
E) Diversify from retailing into delivery.
Answer: C
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Obj.: 1.5: Describe the basic model of strategic management and its components
AACSB: Application of knowledge
71) The process by which strategies and policies are put into action through the development of
programs, budgets, and procedures is
A) strategy formulation.
B) strategy control.
C) strategy implementation.
D) strategy development.
E) strategy evaluation.
Answer: C
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.5: Describe the basic model of strategic management and its components
AACSB: Application of knowledge
72) Which of the following is not a part of strategy implementation?
A) performance evaluation
B) budgets
C) programs and tactics
D) procedures
E) operational planning
Answer: A
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.5: Describe the basic model of strategic management and its components
AACSB: Application of knowledge

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73) Which of the following is an example of a program?
A) diversify product line to appeal to more people
B) increase sales by ten percent over last year
C) must be "number one" wherever we compete
D) develop and sell quality appliances worldwide
E) reduce final assembly time to three days by having suppliers build plan sections
Answer: E
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Obj.: 1.5: Describe the basic model of strategic management and its components
AACSB: Application of knowledge
74) A program or tactic is
A) a detailed cost statement in terms of dollars.
B) a system of sequential steps.
C) a statement of the activities needed to support a strategy.
D) the process by which strategies and policies are put into action.
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Obj.: 1.5: Describe the basic model of strategic management and its components
AACSB: Application of knowledge
75) A budget is a statement of a corporation's programs in dollar terms. Which is not true of the
budgetary function?
A) It is used in planning and control.
B) It serves as a detailed plan of strategy in action.
C) Only one budget is necessary to capture all programs.
D) It details the impact on the firm's future financial situation.
E) It is used as a means of measuring success based on certain criteria.
Answer: C
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.5: Describe the basic model of strategic management and its components
AACSB: Analytical thinking
76) FedEx stipulates specific employee behaviors including how a driver dresses to how keys are
held when approaching a customer's door. This is an example of a
A) program.
B) budget.
C) procedure.
D) policy.
E) control.
Answer: C
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Obj.: 1.5: Describe the basic model of strategic management and its components
AACSB: Analytical thinking

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77) As a part of the strategic management process, evaluation and control is concerned with all
of the following, EXCEPT
A) generating feedback to decision makers.
B) monitoring corporate activities and performance.
C) stimulating a review of the corporation's strategic management.
D) pinpointing problem areas.
E) determining top management benefits packages.
Answer: E
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.5: Describe the basic model of strategic management and its components
AACSB: Application of knowledge
78) A set of sequential steps or techniques that describe in detail how a particular task or job is to
be done is referred to as
A) a standard operating procedure.
B) a systems operating procedure.
C) a standard operating program.
D) a standard outside procedure.
E) a systems operating plan.
Answer: A
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Obj.: 1.5: Describe the basic model of strategic management and its components
AACSB: Application of knowledge
79) A hierarchy of strategy emphasizes the need for the three levels of strategy to complement
and support one another.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.5: Describe the basic model of strategic management and its components
80) The internal environment includes the variables within the organization itself that are within
the short-run control of top management.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.5: Describe the basic model of strategic management and its components
AACSB: Application of knowledge
81) A broad mission statement may limit the scope of a firm's activities in terms of the product
or service offered.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Obj.: 1.5: Describe the basic model of strategic management and its components
AACSB: Analytical thinking

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20
82) An example of an objective is "increased profitability," while an example of a goal is "to
increase the firm's profitability in 2017 by 15 percent over 2016."
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Obj.: 1.5: Describe the basic model of strategic management and its components
AACSB: Application of knowledge
83) A strategy maximizes competitive advantage and minimizes competitive disadvantage.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.5: Describe the basic model of strategic management and its components
AACSB: Application of knowledge
84) Corporate strategy occurs at the business unit or product level.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Obj.: 1.5: Describe the basic model of strategic management and its components
AACSB: Application of knowledge
85) A functional strategy may include competitive or cooperative strategies.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.5: Describe the basic model of strategic management and its components
AACSB: Application of knowledge
86) Hierarchy of strategy is a nesting of one strategy within another so that they complement and
support one another.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.5: Describe the basic model of strategic management and its components
AACSB: Application of knowledge
87) A budget is a statement of a corporation's programs in terms of dollars.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Obj.: 1.5: Describe the basic model of strategic management and its components
AACSB: Application of knowledge
88) Performance results are monitored at the strategy formulation phase of the strategic
management process.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.5: Describe the basic model of strategic management and its components
AACSB: Application of knowledge

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21
89) Briefly describe the four basic elements of strategic management.
Answer: Strategic management consists of four basic elements. Environmental scanning is the
monitoring, evaluating, and disseminating of information from the external and internal
environments to key people within the corporation. Strategy formulation is the development of
long-range plans for effective management of environmental opportunities and threats, in light of
corporate strengths and weaknesses. Strategy implementation is the process by which strategies
and policies are put into action through the development of programs, budgets, and procedures.
Evaluation and control is the process in which corporate activities and performance results are
monitored so that actual performance can be compared with desired performance.
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Obj.: 1.5: Describe the basic model of strategic management and its components
AACSB: Application of knowledge
90) Research done by Henry Mintzberg suggests that strategy formulation
A) is typically an irregular and a discontinuous process.
B) should be followed unswervingly to ensure success of the plan.
C) is a process to which organizations find they must make significant yearly changes.
D) should be reviewed after a specific interval of time to make sure it is still applicable.
E) is merely a checklist of actions following a logical process.
Answer: A
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.6: Identify some common triggering events that act as stimuli for strategic
change
AACSB: Analytical thinking
91) The phenomenon that describes corporations as evolving through relatively long periods of
stability punctuated by relatively short bursts of fundamental change (revolutionary change) is
known as
A) revolution.
B) equilibrium.
C) punctuated equilibrium.
D) logical incrementalism.
E) discontinuity.
Answer: C
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.6: Identify some common triggering events that act as stimuli for strategic
change
AACSB: Application of knowledge

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22
92) Which of the following is not one of the four triggering events listed in the text that is the
stimulus for a strategic change?
A) intervention by the organization's bank
B) annual strategic planning conference
C) threat of a takeover
D) new CEO
E) awareness by management of decreased profitability
Answer: B
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.6: Identify some common triggering events that act as stimuli for strategic
change
AACSB: Application of knowledge
93) The existence of a performance gap
A) should cause management to question their objectives, strategies, and policies.
B) is not an indicator of problems if it only happens once.
C) is only the concern of top management because they set the original strategies.
D) should cause management to look only within the organization to determine the problem.
E) should signal the immediate need for a layoff.
Answer: A
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.6: Identify some common triggering events that act as stimuli for strategic
change
AACSB: Analytical thinking
94) Which of the following statements is not true of a strategic inflection point?
A) The term was coined by Andy Grove, past CEO of Intel Corporation.
B) This represents what happens to a business when a major change takes place due to the
introduction of new technology.
C) This represents what happens to a business when a major change takes place due to a change
in customers' values or a change in what customers prefer.
D) This represents what happens to a business when a major change takes place due to a
different regulatory environment.
E) A new CEO is an example of a strategic inflection point.
Answer: E
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Obj.: 1.6: Identify some common triggering events that act as stimuli for strategic
change
AACSB: Application of knowledge
95) Henry Mintzberg discovered that strategic formulation is a regular, continuous process.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.6: Identify some common triggering events that act as stimuli for strategic
change
AACSB: Application of knowledge

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23
96) Punctuated equilibrium describes organizations as evolving through relatively long periods
of stability punctuated by relatively short bursts of fundamental change.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Obj.: 1.6: Identify some common triggering events that act as stimuli for strategic
change
AACSB: Application of knowledge
97) What is a triggering event? List some possible examples.
Answer: A triggering event is something that acts as a stimulus for a change in strategy. Some
possible triggering events are a new CEO, an external intervention, a threat of a change in
ownership, a performance gap, and a strategic inflection point.
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Obj.: 1.6: Identify some common triggering events that act as stimuli for strategic
change
AACSB: Application of knowledge
98) Which of the following is not a characteristic of strategic decisions as mentioned in the text?
A) directive
B) consequential
C) rare
D) continuous
E) require commitment of substantial resources
Answer: D
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Obj.: 1.7: Explain strategic decision-making modes
AACSB: Application of knowledge
99) According to Mintzberg, the entrepreneurial mode of strategy formulation
A) is characterized by reactive solutions to existing problems.
B) assumes major responsibilities for strategy formulation.
C) is focused on opportunities; problems are secondary.
D) includes the proactive search for new opportunities and reactive solutions to existing
problems.
E) assumes the environment is unresponsive to input.
Answer: C
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.7: Explain strategic decision-making modes
AACSB: Analytical thinking

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24
100) According to Henry Mintzberg, the three most typical approaches to strategic decision-
making are
A) entrepreneurial, adaptive, and planning.
B) entrepreneurial, logical incrementalism, and planning.
C) logical incrementalism, strategic planning, and systematic scanning.
D) environmental scanning, formulation, and implementation.
E) directive, rare, and consequential.
Answer: A
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Obj.: 1.7: Explain strategic decision-making modes
AACSB: Application of knowledge
101) Amazon.com, founded by Jeff Bezos and reflecting his vision, is an example of which
mode of strategic decision-making?
A) adaptive
B) entrepreneurial
C) logical incrementalism
D) planning
E) customer relationship management
Answer: B
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Obj.: 1.7: Explain strategic decision-making modes
AACSB: Analytical thinking
102) What characterizes the planning mode of strategy formulation?
A) Top management believes that the environment is a force to be used and controlled.
B) It assumes the environment is too complex to be completely comprehended.
C) It involves the systematic gathering of appropriate information for situation analysis, the
generation of feasible alternative strategies, and the rational selection of the most appropriate
strategy.
D) Rather than utilizing a proactive search for new opportunities, it only has the opportunity for
reactive behavior.
E) It is based on vision and large-picture strategy.
Answer: C
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.7: Explain strategic decision-making modes
AACSB: Analytical thinking

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25
103) IBM under CEO Louis Gerstner and his strategic decision to invest in services in 1993, is
an example of which mode of strategic decision-making?
A) adaptive
B) entrepreneurial
C) logical incrementalism
D) planning
E) muddling through
Answer: D
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Obj.: 1.7: Explain strategic decision-making modes
AACSB: Application of knowledge
104) The mode of strategic decision-making typical of most universities, many large hospitals, a
large number of governmental agencies, and a surprising number of large corporations is
A) adaptive.
B) entrepreneurial.
C) logical incrementalism.
D) planning.
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Obj.: 1.7: Explain strategic decision-making modes
AACSB: Application of knowledge
105) The mode of strategy formulation used when top management has a reasonably clear idea
of the corporation's mission and objectives, but chooses to develop a series of tentative or partial
strategies instead of developing full-blown strategies is called
A) planning mode.
B) logical incrementalism.
C) entrepreneurial mode.
D) adaptive mode.
E) strategic mode.
Answer: B
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.7: Explain strategic decision-making modes
AACSB: Application of knowledge

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26
106) Which approach to decision-making is most useful when the environment is changing
rapidly and when it is important to build consensus and develop needed resources before
committing the entire corporation to a specific strategy?
A) planning mode
B) entrepreneurial mode
C) logical incrementalism
D) adaptive mode
E) strategic flexibility mode
Answer: C
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Obj.: 1.7: Explain strategic decision-making modes
AACSB: Analytical thinking
107) A strategic decision is rare, consequential, and directive.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.7: Explain strategic decision-making modes
AACSB: Application of knowledge
108) Mintzberg's entrepreneurial mode is sometimes referred to as "muddling through" since this
decision-making mode tends to be more reactive than proactive in the search for new
opportunities.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Obj.: 1.7: Explain strategic decision-making modes
AACSB: Application of knowledge
109) Logical incrementalism is a useful decision-making mode when the environment is rapidly
changing and when it is important to build consensus to a specific strategy.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Obj.: 1.7: Explain strategic decision-making modes
AACSB: Analytical thinking

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27
110) What is a strategic decision and what are its three characteristics?
Answer: A strategic decision deals with the long-run future of an entire organization. There are
three characteristics of a strategic decision:
1. Rare: Strategic decisions are unusual and typically have no precedent to follow.
2. Consequential: Strategic decisions commit substantial resources and demand a great deal of
commitment from people at all levels.
3. Directive: Strategic decisions set precedents for lesser decisions and future actions
throughout an organization.
Strategic decisions are unusual and typically have no precedent to follow. They commit
substantial resources and demand a great deal of commitment from people at all levels. And they
set precedents for lesser decisions and future actions throughout the organization.
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 1.7: Explain strategic decision-making modes
AACSB: Application of knowledge
111) A checklist of questions, by area or issue that enables a systematic analysis to be made of
various corporate functions and activities is referred to as a(n)
A) scenario.
B) portfolio.
C) strategic audit.
D) social responsibility audit.
E) SOP.
Answer: C
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Obj.: 1.8: Use the strategic audit as a method of analyzing corporate functions and
activities
AACSB: Application of knowledge
112) While the strategic audit is not an all-inclusive list, it presents many of the critical questions
needed for a detailed strategic analysis of any business.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Obj.: 1.8: Use the strategic audit as a method of analyzing corporate functions and
activities
AACSB: Application of knowledge

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1
Strategic Management and Business Policy, 15e (Wheelen et al.)
Chapter 2 Corporate Governance
1) From the perspective of the public, the primary job of the board of directors is
A) to lend credence to the decisions of the executive committee.
B) dictated solely by legal requirements.
C) to act as representatives for public identification.
D) to closely monitor the actions of management.
E) insulated from legal judgments because management actually makes the decisions.
Answer: D
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 2.1: Describe the role and responsibilities of the board of directors in corporate
governance
AACSB: Analytical thinking
2) The relationship among the board of directors, top management, and shareholders is referred
to as
A) corporate synergy.
B) corporate management.
C) corporate governance.
D) corporate strategy.
E) corporate responsibility.
Answer: C
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 2.1: Describe the role and responsibilities of the board of directors in corporate
governance
AACSB: Application of knowledge
3) The requirements of a board of directors vary significantly by country and by state; however,
there is a developing consensus as to what the major responsibilities should be. Which of the
following is not one of the responsibilities?
A) effective board leadership including the processes, makeup and output of the board
B) strategy of the organization
C) risk vs. initiative and the overall risk profile of the organization
D) becoming directly involved in managerial decisions
E) sustainability
Answer: D
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Obj.: 2.1: Describe the role and responsibilities of the board of directors in corporate
governance
AACSB: Analytical thinking

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2
4) Which of the following statements is not true regarding the board of directors?
A) The board is charged by law to act with due care.
B) If a director or the board as a whole fails to act with due care and, as a result, the corporation
is in some way harmed, the careless director or directors can be held personally liable for the
harm done.
C) Director liability insurance is often needed to attract people to become members of boards.
D) Directors must be aware of the needs of various constituent groups to balance all their
interests.
E) More than half of all publicly traded companies in the United States are incorporated in New
York, requiring that the corporation be managed in accordance with NY state laws.
Answer: E
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 2.1: Describe the role and responsibilities of the board of directors in corporate
governance
AACSB: Analytical thinking
5) More than ________ of outside directors surveyed said that they had been named as part of a
lawsuit against the corporation.
A) 40%
B) 50%
C) 60%
D) 70%
E) 80%
Answer: A
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Obj.: 2.1: Describe the role and responsibilities of the board of directors in corporate
governance
AACSB: Application of knowledge
6) A careless director or directors can be held personally liable for harm done to the corporation
if they failed to act with
A) codetermination.
B) figurehead role.
C) cumulative voting.
D) accountability.
E) due care.
Answer: E
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 2.1: Describe the role and responsibilities of the board of directors in corporate
governance
AACSB: Application of knowledge

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3
7) Which of the following is not a task of the board of directors in strategic management?
A) to monitor
B) to implement
C) to influence
D) to initiate and determine
E) to evaluate
Answer: B
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Obj.: 2.1: Describe the role and responsibilities of the board of directors in corporate
governance
AACSB: Application of knowledge
8) Catalyst-level boards of directors typically
A) are less involved than active participation boards.
B) take leading roles in establishing and modifying the company mission, objectives, and
strategy.
C) are involved in a limited degree of key decision-making.
D) are held to a greater degree of legal responsibility.
E) experience more financial success than less involved boards.
Answer: B
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 2.1: Describe the role and responsibilities of the board of directors in corporate
governance
AACSB: Analytical thinking
9) A highly involved board does all of the following EXCEPT
A) tends to be very active.
B) provides advice when necessary.
C) keeps management alert.
D) takes their tasks of initiating and determining strategy very seriously.
E) manage the everyday operations of the organization.
Answer: E
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Obj.: 2.1: Describe the role and responsibilities of the board of directors in corporate
governance
AACSB: Analytical thinking

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