Test Bank for Essentials of Human Communication, 9th Edition

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Test Bank for Essentials of Human Communication, 9th Edition provides an extensive collection of questions to test your knowledge.

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i
TEST BANK
for
DEVITO
ESSENTIALS OF HUMAN
COMMUNICATION
NINTH EDITION
by
Teresa T. Plummer, Ph.D.
Marion Technical College

iii
TEST BANK CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1: THE ESSENTIALS OF HUMAN COMMUNICATION ........................................................ 1
CHAPTER 2: PERCEPTION OF SELF AND OTHERS ..................................................................... 17
CHAPTER 3: LISTENING IN HUMAN COMMUNICATION ............................................................ 33
CHAPTER 4: VERBAL MESSAGES ............................................................................................. 48
CHAPTER 5: NONVERBAL MESSAGES ..................................................................................... 63
CHAPTER 6: INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION AND CONVERSATION ....................................... 80
CHAPTER 7: INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS ........................................................................ 96
CHAPTER 8: MANAGING INTERPERSONAL CONFLICT ............................................................ 111
CHAPTER 9: SMALL GROUP COMMUNICATION ...................................................................... 126
CHAPTER 10: MEMBERS AND LEADERS IN SMALL GROUP COMMUNICATION ....................... 142
CHAPTER 11: PUBLIC SPEAKING PREPARATION (STEPS 1–6) .................................................... 159
CHAPTER 12: PUBLIC SPEAKING PREPARATION AND DELIVERY (STEPS 7–10) ......................... 176
CHAPTER 13: THE INFORMATIVE SPEECH ................................................................................. 193
CHAPTER 14: THE PERSUASIVE SPEECH ............................................................................... 210

1
Chapter 1: The Essentials of Human Communication
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Which of the following statements is true of communication?
a) The more you communicate, the better communicator you will be.
b) Good communicators are born, not made.
c) Fear of speaking in public must be eliminated before you can be successful.
d) Communication involves both verbal and nonverbal messages.
Answer: d
Learning Objective: 1.1 Identify the forms, benefits, and myths of human communication.
Topic: Forms, Benefits, and Myths of Human Communication
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
2. E-mailing, blogging, and posting on Google+ and Facebook are all examples of __________
communication.
a) computer-mediated
b) small group
c) public
d) intrapersonal
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 1.1 Identify the forms, benefits, and myths of human communication.
Topic: Forms, Benefits, and Myths of Human Communication
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
3. During a videoconference job interview for an entry-level position with a large fast-food
chain, Melkamzer answers a series of questions posed by Annie, a regional manager. What type
of communication did they both engage in?
a) small-group communication
b) intrapersonal communication
c) computer-mediated communication
d) public speaking
Answer: c
Learning Objective: 1.1 Identify the forms, benefits, and myths of human communication.
Topic: Forms, Benefits, and Myths of Human Communication
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know

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4. __________ communication is the general term used to describe communication from one
source to many receivers, some of which may be scattered throughout the world.
a) Mass
b) Intrapersonal
c) Public
d) Computer-mediated
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 1.1 Identify the forms, benefits, and myths of human communication.
Topic: Forms, Benefits, and Myths of Human Communication
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
5. Which of the following myths of communication is identified in your book?
a) The more you communicate, the better your communication skills will be.
b) Once you start communicating effectively, you will always be effective.
c) Communication skills are learned.
d) Knowing your audience is very helpful in order to be effective.
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 1.1 Identify the forms, benefits, and myths of human communication.
Topic: Forms, Benefits, and Myths of Human Communication
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
6. The transactional view is a more satisfying theory of the communication process than the
linear view because it __________.
a) is simpler
b) is representative of how communication actually happens
c) demonstrates the most recent theory of the communication process
d) explains everything about media communication
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 1.2 Draw a model of communication that includes sources-receivers,
messages, context, channel, noise, and effects; and define each of these elements.
Topic: Communication Models and Concepts
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
7. The linear model of communication is analogous with a(n) __________.
a) arrow hitting or missing a target
b) tennis game

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c) circus
d) person solving a puzzle
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 1.2 Draw a model of communication that includes sources-receivers,
messages, context, channel, noise, and effects; and define each of these elements.
Topic: Communication Models and Concepts
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Analyze It
8. When Henri wants to share information with Chantal but not with others in the room, he
switches from speaking English to speaking French, which Chantal understands. Which of the
following best describes what Henri does to keep his comments to Chantal private?
a) He decodes his message in a way he thinks only Chantal will understand.
b) He changes the cultural context of the message in a way he thinks only Chantal will
understand.
c) He changes the temporal context of the message in a way he thinks only Chantal will
understand.
d) He encodes his message in a way he thinks only Chantal will understand.
Answer: d
Learning Objective: 1.2 Draw a model of communication that includes sources-receivers,
messages, context, channel, noise, and effects; and define each of these elements.
Topic: Communication Models and Concepts
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
9. Before launching into her presentation to the board of directors, Sandra circulates through the
room making small talk about the weather, the results of last night’s ball game, etc. Sandra is
engaging in __________.
a) phatic communication
b) metamessaging
c) feedback
d) back-channeling
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 1.2 Draw a model of communication that includes sources-receivers,
messages, context, channel, noise, and effects; and define each of these elements.
Topic: Communication Models and Concepts
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
10. The information on the cover of a magazine that entices a reader to buy it is an example of

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__________.
a) feedback
b) phatic communication
c) semantic noise
d) feedforward
Answer: d
Learning Objective: 1.2 Draw a model of communication that includes sources-receivers,
messages, context, channel, noise, and effects; and define each of these elements.
Topic: Communication Models and Concepts
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
11. The statement “I may be wrong about this, but. . . .” best illustrates the element of
communication known as __________.
a) feedforward
b) punctuation
c) displacement
d) immediacy
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 1.2 Draw a model of communication that includes sources-receivers,
messages, context, channel, noise, and effects; and define each of these elements.
Topic: Communication Models and Concepts
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
12. Phatic communication is also referred to as __________.
a) message overload
b) mass communication
c) small talk
d) neutral communication
Answer: c
Learning Objective: 1.2 Draw a model of communication that includes sources-receivers,
messages, context, channel, noise, and effects; and define each of these elements.
Topic: Communication Models and Concepts
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
13. The temporal dimension of context is __________.
a) the sequence of the message
b) a message’s position within a sequence of events

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c) the tangible environment in which the communication takes place
d) the vehicle through which messages pass
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 1.2 Draw a model of communication that includes sources-receivers,
messages, context, channel, noise, and effects; and define each of these elements.
Topic: Communication Models and Concepts
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
14. Which of the following is true of communication contexts?
a) All communication takes place within contexts.
b) Context has little bearing on how messages are conveyed.
c) Context is simply the physical environment in which communication takes place.
d) Context is the same as the content dimension of communication.
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 1.2 Draw a model of communication that includes sources-receivers,
messages, context, channel, noise, and effects; and define each of these elements.
Topic: Communication Models and Concepts
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
15. Before going to a reception at the university president’s house, Abby reminds her date,
Homer, not to act like he is at a fraternity party. Abby wants Homer to be most aware of the
__________ context.
a) physical
b) cultural
c) social-psychological
d) temporal
Answer: c
Learning Objective: 1.2 Draw a model of communication that includes sources-receivers,
messages, context, channel, noise, and effects; and define each of these elements.
Topic: Communication Models and Concepts
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
16. “Do you understand what I’ve just asked you to do?” is an example of a(n) __________.
a) paradigm
b) paraverbal message
c) anomaly
d) metamessage

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Answer: d
Learning Objective: 1.2 Draw a model of communication that includes sources-receivers,
messages, context, channel, noise, and effects; and define each of these elements.
Topic: Communication Models and Concepts
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
17. When someone sends a message in response to your initial message, such as laughing at your
joke, he or she is sending __________.
a) feedback
b) feedforward
c) a metamessage
d) paramessages
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 1.2 Draw a model of communication that includes sources-receivers,
messages, context, channel, noise, and effects; and define each of these elements.
Topic: Communication Models and Concepts
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
18. The vehicle through which we send messages is referred to as the __________.
a) channel
b) sender
c) receiver
d) metamessage
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 1.2 Draw a model of communication that includes sources-receivers,
messages, context, channel, noise, and effects; and define each of these elements.
Topic: Communication Models and Concepts
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
19. Biases or prejudices of senders–receivers are examples of what kind of noise?
a) physical
b) psychological
c) semantic
d) channel
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 1.2 Draw a model of communication that includes sources-receivers,

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messages, context, channel, noise, and effects; and define each of these elements.
Topic: Communication Models and Concepts
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
20. During a department meeting, Antonio’s boss was discussing the new software that will be
implemented in the department. Antonio was daydreaming about his upcoming vacation. We can
assume that his boss’s message was distorted by __________ noise.
a) physical
b) psychological
c) semantic
d) physiological
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 1.2 Draw a model of communication that includes sources-receivers,
messages, context, channel, noise, and effects; and define each of these elements.
Topic: Communication Models and Concepts
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
21. Christina and DeAnna were having a quiet conversation over drinks before the band started
to play, but now they have to shout and even then can’t really hear what the other is saying. We
can assume that once the band started to play, the signal-to-noise ratio in this scenario
__________.
a) went from high signal/low noise to low signal/high noise
b) went from low signal/high noise to high signal/low noise
c) went from low signal/low noise to high signal/high noise
d) didn’t change and had nothing to do with the communication problems they experienced
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 1.2 Draw a model of communication that includes sources-receivers,
messages, context, channel, noise, and effects; and define each of these elements.
Topic: Communication Models and Concepts
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
22. Bobby: “I got a new bat!” Jan: “That’s great. I can’t wait to see you swing it at the game next
Saturday.” Bobby: “Not that kind of bat! His name is Del and he’s my new pet.” This exchange
between Bobby and Jan best illustrates which principle of communication?
a) Communication is ambiguous.
b) Communication is a package of signals.
c) Communication is punctuated.
d) Communication is purposeful.

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Answer: a
Learning Objective: 1.3 Paraphrase the major principles of human communication.
Topic: Principles of Communication
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
23. The tendency to divide the various communication transactions into sequences of stimuli and
responses is referred to as __________.
a) compartmentalization
b) departmentalization
c) punctuation
d) sequencing
Answer: c
Learning Objective: 1.3 Paraphrase the major principles of human communication.
Topic: Principles of Communication
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
24. “You cannot not communicate” expresses which principle of communication?
a) Communication is inevitable.
b) Communication is irreversible.
c) Communication is purposeful.
d) Communication involves content and relationship dimensions.
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 1.3 Paraphrase the major principles of human communication.
Topic: Principles of Communication
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
25. Dong-Sun and Chris had a very serious argument during which Dong-Sun said some very
hurtful things to Chris. After the argument, he tried to apologize for what was said during the
argument. Dong-Sun’s later behavior best reflects which principle of communication?
a) Communication is a package of signals.
b) Communication is punctuated.
c) Communication is transactional.
d) Communication is irreversible and unrepeatable.
Answer: d
Learning Objective: 1.3 Paraphrase the major principles of human communication.
Topic: Principles of Communication

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Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
26. Mario has a deep commitment to the identity and beliefs of his Puerto Rican-American
culture, following customs and embracing specific artifacts. This is Mario’s __________.
a) ethnocentrism
b) stereotype
c) ethnic identity
d) social-psychological context
Answer: c
Learning Objective: 1.4 Explain the role of culture in human communication, the seven ways in
which cultures differ from one another, the aim of a cultural perspective; and define ethnic
identity and ethnocentrism.
Topic: Culture and Human Communication
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
27. Ethnic identity refers to __________.
a) one’s commitment to the beliefs and philosophy of one’s own culture
b) the tendency to judge other cultures based on one’s own culture
c) the ability to take the perspectives of people of other cultures
d) adapting to the communicative style of people from other cultures
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 1.4 Explain the role of culture in human communication, the seven ways in
which cultures differ from one another, the aim of a cultural perspective; and define ethnic
identity and ethnocentrism.
Topic: Culture and Human Communication
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
28. According to your book, competent communicators __________.
a) are born, not made
b) think critically and mindfully
c) do not consider power important in the communication process
d) constantly change their ethics based on the context
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 1.5 Define communication competence and explain the qualities identified
as part of competence.
Topic: Communication Competence
Difficulty Level: Easy

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Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
29. Individualistic cultures put more emphasis on self-reliance, __________, and __________.
a) independence; individual achievement
b) independence; group achievement
c) independence; social bonds
d) social bonds; conformity to the larger social group
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 1.4 Explain the role of culture in human communication, the seven ways in
which cultures differ from one another, the aim of a cultural perspective; and define ethnic
identity and ethnocentrism.
Topic: Culture and Human Communication
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
True/False Questions
30. With advances in technology, few differences exist between face-to-face and computer-
mediated communication.
Answer: False
Learning Objective: 1.1 Identify the forms, benefits, and myths of human communication.
Topic: Forms, Benefits, and Myths of Human Communication
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
31. Sunglasses may be regarded as communication noise.
Answer: True
Learning Objective: 1.2 Draw a model of communication that includes sources-receivers,
messages, context, channel, noise, and effects; and define each of these elements.
Topic: Communication Models and Concepts
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
32. Daydreaming is an example of psychological noise.
Answer: True
Learning Objective: 1.2 Draw a model of communication that includes sources-receivers,
messages, context, channel, noise, and effects; and define each of these elements.
Topic: Communication Models and Concepts

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Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
33. Some communication has no effect on those involved in the process.
Answer: False
Learning Objective: 1.2 Draw a model of communication that includes sources-receivers,
messages, context, channel, noise, and effects; and define each of these elements.
Topic: Communication Models and Concepts
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
34. Ambiguity is tolerated more in low-uncertainty-avoidance cultures than in high-uncertainty-
avoidance cultures.
Answer: True
Learning Objective: 1.4 Explain the role of culture in human communication, the seven ways in
which cultures differ from one another, the aim of a cultural perspective; and define ethnic
identity and ethnocentrism.
Topic: Culture and Human Communication
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
35. All messages involve content and relationship dimensions.
Answer: True
Learning Objective: 1.3 Paraphrase the major principles of human communication.
Topic: Principles of Communication
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
36. Choice points are moments when you have to make choices regarding your communication.
Answer: True
Learning Objective: 1.5 Define communication competence and explain the qualities identified
as part of competence.
Topic: Communication Competence
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
37. The punctuation of communication is the segmenting of the continuous stream of

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communication into smaller pieces.
Answer: True
Learning Objective: 1.3 Paraphrase the major principles of human communication.
Topic: Principles of Communication
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
38. Communication is a reversible and erasable process.
Answer: False
Learning Objective: 1.3 Paraphrase the major principles of human communication.
Topic: Principles of Communication
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
39. Competence refers to your interpersonal communication abilities rather than to small-group
or public-speaking abilities.
Answer: False
Learning Objective: 1.5 Define communication competence and explain the qualities identified
as part of competence.
Topic: Communication Competence
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
40. People are either ethnocentric or not ethnocentric.
Answer: False
Learning Objective: 1.4 Explain the role of culture in human communication, the seven ways in
which cultures differ from one another, the aim of a cultural perspective; and define ethnic
identity and ethnocentrism.
Topic: Culture and Human Communication
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
41. Jasmine is having a very detailed conversation with herself. This is an example of
__________ communication.
Answer: intrapersonal

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Learning Objective: 1.1 Identify the forms, benefits, and myths of human communication.
Topic: Forms, Benefits, and Myths of Human Communication
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
42. Movies, magazines, radio, and television are examples of __________ communication.
Answer: mass
Learning Objective: 1.1 Identify the forms, benefits, and myths of human communication.
Topic: Forms, Benefits, and Myths of Human Communication
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
43. In the __________ model of communication, the speaker speaks and the listener listens.
Answer: linear
Learning Objective: 1.2 Draw a model of communication that includes sources-receivers,
messages, context, channel, noise, and effects; and define each of these elements.
Topic: Communication Models and Concepts
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
44. The __________ context of communication refers to a message’s position within a sequence
of events.
Answer: temporal
Learning Objective: 1.2 Draw a model of communication that includes sources-receivers,

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46. The __________ of communication is the segmenting of the continuous stream of
communication into smaller pieces.
Answer: punctuation
Learning Objective: 1.3 Paraphrase the major principles of human communication
Topic: Principles of Communication
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
47. __________ is the tendency to view others and their behaviors through our own cultural
filters.
Answer: Ethnocentrism
Learning Objective: 1.4 Explain the role of culture in human communication, the seven ways in
which cultures differ from one another, the aim of a cultural perspective; and define ethnic
identity and ethnocentrism.
Topic: Culture and Human Communication
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
48. __________ refers to using more than one language in a conversation, often in the same
sentence.
Answer: Code switching

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Answer: channel
Learning Objective: 1.2 Draw a model of communication that includes sources-receivers,
messages, context, channel, noise, and effects; and define each of these elements.
Topic: Communication Models and Concepts
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Essay Questions
51. Identify a myth of communication and explain why it is a myth.
Answer: The ideal answer should include:
1. Myth: The more we communicate, the better we will communicate. Why it is a myth:
Practice does not make perfect. If bad behaviors are practiced, it makes communication less
effective.
2. Myth: When two people are in a close relationship, neither person should have to
communicate needs and wants explicitly; the other person should know what these are. Why it is
a myth: People cannot read minds.
3. Myth: Conflict is an indication that a relationship is in trouble. Why it is a myth:
Conflict can benefit people in a relationship.
4. Myth: Leaders are born; leaders are not made. Why it is a myth: Leadership skills can
be developed.
5. Myth: Fear of public speaking is bad and must be eliminated if a person is to be
successful. Why it is a myth: By managing fear, a speaker can make nervousness work for him
or her instead of against him or her.
Learning Objective: 1.1 Identify the forms, benefits, and myths of human communication.
Topic: Forms, Benefits, and Myths of Human Communication
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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53. Do we ever stop communicating? Explain your answer.
Answer: The ideal answer should include:
1. Communication is inevitable. It is always taking place.
2. Even when we are not aware that we are communicating, we are always
communicating. Even when we do not actively respond, our non-response is communication.
Learning Objective: 1.3 Paraphrase the major principles of human communication.
Topic: Principles of Communication
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
54. The text states that ethnocentrism exists on a continuum. Define ethnocentrism and explain
what this statement means.
Answer: The ideal answer should include:
1. Ethnocentrism is the inclination to see other people and their behaviors through our
own cultural filters, often as distortions of our own behaviors. It is the tendency to view our own
culture as superior to others.
2. Ethnocentrism exists on a continuum. People are not completely ethnocentric or
nonethnocentric. The level of ethnocentrism will vary from individual to individual. It will also
vary according to the group we are focused on.
Learning Objective: 1.4 Explain the role of culture in human communication, the seven ways in
which cultures differ from one another, the aim of a cultural perspective; and define ethnic
identity and ethnocentrism.
Topic: Culture and Human Communication
Difficulty Level: Moderate

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Chapter 2: Perception of Self and Others
Multiple Choice Questions
1. The concept of the looking-glass self suggests that we __________.
a) develop our self-concept by attending to how others communicate with us
b) want to be seen by others as we see ourselves
c) mirror the behavior of others to build relationships
d) create self-esteem through interactions with strangers
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 2.1 Define self-concept, self-awareness, and self-esteem and explain the
ways in which self-awareness and self-esteem may be increased.
Topic: The Self in Human Communication
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
2. Which of the following is true about self-concept?
a) Gender roles generally are learned through cultural teachings.
b) Self-concept is the image others have of us.
c) We generally do not compare ourselves with others in developing our self-concepts.
d) Self-concept is the same as self-esteem.
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 2.1 Define self-concept,

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4. Which of the following is a way to increase self-awareness?
a) Listen to others.
b) Avoid talking about yourself to others.
c) Avoid dialogue with yourself.
d) Decrease your open self.
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 2.1 Define self-concept, self-awareness, and self-esteem and explain the
ways in which self-awareness and self-esteem may be increased.
Topic: The Self in Human Communication
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
5. Betty’s friends know that she is stingy, but Betty is not aware of it herself. We can assume
Betty’s stinginess is part of her __________ self.
a) unknown
b) blind
c) hidden
d) open
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 2.1 Define self-concept, self-awareness, and self-esteem and explain the
ways in which self-awareness and self-esteem may be increased.

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Answer: d
Learning Objective: 2.5 Explain and give examples of the strategies of impression management.
Topic: Impression Management
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
14. Self-disclosure __________.
a) is the same in all cultures
b) can include slips of the tongue
c) is risk-free
d) is an intrapersonal process
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 2.2 Define self-disclosure, its rewards and dangers, and explain the
suggested guidelines for making, responding to, and resisting self-disclosure.
Topic: Self-Disclosure
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
15. Jennifer always demonstrates enthusiasm when communicating and follows the cultural rules
for polite, cooperative, respectful conversation. Jennifer is using __________.
a) politeness strategies
b) gunnysacking
c) affinity-seeking strategies
d) negative face

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Learning Objective: 2.2 Define self-disclosure, its rewards and dangers, and explain the
suggested guidelines for making, responding to, and resisting self-disclosure.
Topic: Self-Disclosure
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
17. When you hear a new song played on the radio, the __________ stage of the perception
process has just occurred.
a) stimulation
b) interaction
c) organization
d) interpretation–evaluation
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 2.3 Define perception and its stages, and explain how to increase perceptual
accuracy.
Topic: Perception
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
18. The process by which you become aware of objects, events, and people by using your senses
is called __________.
a) self-awareness
b) perception
c) infatuation

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accuracy.
Topic: Perception
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
20. Several students sitting together in a student lounge studying for an exam might be perceived
as a study group based on the rule of __________.
a) interpretation
b) contrast
c) proximity
d) attribution
Answer: c
Learning Objective: 2.3 Define perception and its stages, and explain how to increase perceptual
accuracy.
Topic: Perception
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
21. Rosa judges everything Serena does based on the fact that Serena is an only child. Rosa is
engaging in which attribution error?
a) self-serving bias
b) overattribution
c) fundamental attribution error
d) primary error

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Topic: Impression Formation
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
23. Joe has always believed that he is lousy at athletics. When he tried to play soccer, he was
sure he would not be good at it, and indeed, he was not very adept. This may be a result of the
__________.
a) self-fulfilling prophecy
b) self-serving bias
c) primacy–recency effect
d) fundamental attribution error
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the nature of impression formation and the major factors that
influence it.
Topic: Impression Formation
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
24. The process of trying to understand others’ behaviors is called __________.
a) attribution of control
b) affirmation
c) the primacy effect
d) selective attention
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the nature of impression formation and the major factors that
influence it.

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25
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
True/False Questions
26. The looking-glass self is based on the idea of how you see yourself directly.
Answer: False
Learning Objective: 2.1 Define self-concept, self-awareness, and self-esteem and explain the
ways in which self-awareness and self-esteem may be increased.
Topic: The Self in Human Communication
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
27. Your ability to achieve what your culture defines as success will contribute to a positive self-
concept.
Answer: True
Learning Objective: 2.1 Define self-concept, self-awareness, and self-esteem and explain the
ways in which self-awareness and self-esteem may be increased.
Topic: The Self in Human Communication
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
28. Self-awareness is basic to all communication.

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26
30. One recommended way to resist the pressure to self-disclose is to change the topic.
Answer: True
Learning Objective: 2.2 Define self-disclosure, its rewards and dangers, and explain the
suggested guidelines for making, responding to, and resisting self-disclosure.
Topic: Self-Disclosure
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
31. Telling people information about themselves that they do not know is one way to self-
disclose.
Answer: False
Learning Objective: 2.2 Define self-disclosure, its rewards and dangers, and explain the
suggested guidelines for making, responding to, and resisting self-disclosure.
Topic: Self-Disclosure
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
32. Working on projects that will result in success is one of the ways to improve self-esteem.
Answer: True
Learning Objective: 2.1 Define self-concept, self-awareness, and self-esteem and explain the
ways in which self-awareness and self-esteem may be increased.

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27
Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the nature of impression formation and the major factors that
influence it.
Topic: Impression Formation
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
35. One way to increase accuracy in forming impressions is to reduce your uncertainty through
the process of perception checking.
Answer: True
Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the nature of impression formation and the major factors that
influence it.
Topic: Impression Formation
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
36. The self-serving bias is when you take credit for the negative and deny any responsibility for
the positive.
Answer: False
Learning Objective: 2.3 Define

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Test Bank for Essentials of Human Communication, 9th Edition

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