Test Bank for International Relations, 12th Edition

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Test BankForInternational RelationsTwelfth EditionJon C. W. PevehouseUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonJoshua S. GoldsteinAmerican University, Washington, DCUniversity of Massachusetts AmherstPrepared byMert Kartal,St. Lawrence University

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iiiTable of ContentsChapter 1The Globalization of International Relations...................... 1Chapter 2Realist Theories............................................................... 22Chapter 3Liberal and Social Theories ............................................. 44Chapter 4Foreign Policy.................................................................. 66Chapter 5International Conflict........................................................ 88Chapter 6Military Force and Terrorism.......................................... 110Chapter 7International Organizations, Law, and Human Rights ... 131Chapter 8International Trade ........................................................ 153Chapter 9Global Finance and Business........................................ 175Chapter 10International Integration................................................. 196Chapter 11Environment and Population ......................................... 218Chapter 12The North-South Gap .................................................... 240Chapter 13International Development............................................. 262

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1Chapter 1: The Globalization of International RelationsMULTIPLE CHOICE1. Globalization is __________.A) not concerned with terrorismB) focused solely on economic developmentC) the management of territorial conflictD) the central trend in international relations todayAnswer: DLearning Objective: 1.1 Describe the properties of the collective action problem and how eachcore principle addresses the problem.Topic: Globalization, International Relations, and Daily LifeDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Understand the Concepts2. International relations revolves around the key problem of how __________.A) to deal with the issue of global warmingB) to solve global povertyC) a group can reconcile its collective and individual interestsD) states can properly negotiate treatiesAnswer: CLearning Objective: 1.1 Describe the properties of the collective action problem and how eachcore principle addresses the problem.Topic: Globalization, International Relations, and Daily LifeDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the Concepts3. The U.S. home mortgage market initiated the __________ of 2008–2009.A) minor global economic spikeB) international bond marketC) global economic recessionD) international economic competitionAnswer: CLearning Objective: 1.1 Describe the properties of the collective action problem and how eachcore principle addresses the problem.Topic: Globalization, International Relations, and Daily LifeDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts4. International relations is largely a(n) __________ discipline.A) historicalB) theoretical

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2C) economicD) practicalAnswer: DLearning Objective: 1.1 Describe the properties of the collective action problem and how eachcore principle addresses the problem.Topic: Globalization, International Relations, and Daily LifeDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Analyze It5. International relations __________.A) involves only presidents, generals, and diplomatsB) influences daily life only when war occursC) concerns the relationships among the world’s governmentsD) is largely concerned with bilateral relations between statesAnswer: CLearning Objective: 1.1 Describe the properties of the collective action problem and how eachcore principle addresses the problem.Topic: Globalization, International Relations, and Daily LifeDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Understand the Concepts6. The collective goods problem is the problem of how to provide something that benefits__________ members of a group regardless of what each member contributes.A) allB) mostC) half of theD) the moralAnswer: ALearning Objective: 1.1 Describe the properties of the collective action problem and how eachcore principle addresses the problem.Topic: Globalization, International Relations, and Daily LifeDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Understand the Concepts7. Why are collective goods easier to provide in small groups than in large groups?A) In a small group, the free riding of one member is harder to conceal.B) In a small group, the free riding of one member has a smaller impact on the overall collectivegood.C) Small groups tend to have a central authority to enforce rules on members.D) Small groups want to cooperate more than large groups.Answer: A

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3Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe the properties of the collective action problem and how eachcore principle addresses the problem.Topic: Globalization, International Relations, and Daily LifeDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Analyze It8. A current example of a collective goods problem is that __________.A) poverty is so common around the globeB) states find it hard to cooperate on monetary policyC) states have a hard time communicating their genuine intentionsD) states find it hard to cooperate to maintain global climate stabilityAnswer: DLearning Objective: 1.1 Describe the properties of the collective action problem and how eachcore principle addresses the problem.Topic: Globalization, International Relations, and Daily LifeDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Apply What You Know9. In 2006, the United States warned North Korea against selling its bombs, threatening toretaliate against North Korea if any other actor used such a bomb against the United States. Thisstrategy of the United States to prevent proliferation can be considered an example of whichprinciple?A) persuasionB) reciprocityC) identityD) collective goodsAnswer: BLearning Objective: 1.1 Describe the properties of the collective action problem and how eachcore principle addresses the problem.Topic: Globalization, International Relations, and Daily LifeDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Apply What You Know10. Which of the following actions would be considered a reciprocity solution to the problem ofglobal warming?A) The wealthiest countries reduce their greenhouse emissions substantially.B) The international community names and shames those countries that fail to reduce greenhousegas emissions.C) All of the countries of the world sign a binding international agreement to reduce greenhousegas emissions.D) The big powers of the UN Security Council threaten to fight those countries that fail to reducegreenhouse emissions.Answer: C

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4Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe the properties of the collective action problem and how eachcore principle addresses the problem.Topic: Globalization, International Relations, and Daily LifeDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Apply What You Know11. The two major subfields of the study of international relations are __________.A) conflict and cooperationB) comparative politics and international securityC) international security and international political economyD) international political economy and comparative politicsAnswer: CLearning Objective: 1.1 Describe the properties of the collective action problem and how eachcore principle addresses the problem.Topic: Globalization, International Relations, and Daily LifeDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts12. How do dominance and reciprocity differ as solutions to collective goods problems?A) Dominance relies on a power hierarchy acting as a central authority, whereas reciprocityoperates without any central authority.B) Dominance has advantages and disadvantages, whereas reciprocity has only advantages.C) Dominance forms the basis of most institutions in the international system, whereasreciprocity has limited applications.D) Dominance is the basis of cooperation in international relations, whereas reciprocity typicallyleads to conflict.Answer: ALearning Objective: 1.1 Describe the properties of the collective action problem and how eachcore principle addresses the problem.Topic: Globalization, International Relations, and Daily LifeDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Analyze It13. The disadvantages of dominance as a solution to collective goods problems include__________.A) a downward spiral as each side punishes what it believes to be negative acts by the otherB) stability that comes at a cost of constant oppression of the lower-ranking members in thestatus hierarchyC) other groups being unlikely to challenge the top group’s power positionD) fueling arms races in which members respond to other members’ buildup of weaponsAnswer: BLearning Objective: 1.1 Describe the properties of the collective action problem and how eachcore principle addresses the problem.

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5Topic: Globalization, International Relations, and Daily LifeDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Analyze It14. How is the identity principle distinguished from the dominance and reciprocity principles?A) The identity principle relies on mutually beneficial arrangements, whereas the dominance andreciprocity principles rely on members sacrificing their own interests to benefit others.B) Contributions to development assistance or UN peacekeeping missions are better explainedby the dominance and reciprocity principles than by the identity principle.C) The identity principle plays no role in preventing nuclear proliferation, whereas thedominance and reciprocity principles do play a role.D) The identity principle does not rely on self-interest, whereas the dominance and reciprocityprinciples rely on achieving individual self-interest.Answer: DLearning Objective: 1.1 Describe the properties of the collective action problem and how eachcore principle addresses the problem.Topic: Globalization, International Relations, and Daily LifeDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Analyze It15. __________ is a necessary component of a state.A) TerritoryB) Civil societyC) PresidencyD) DemocracyAnswer: ALearning Objective: 1.2 Evaluate whether states are still the key actors in international relations.Topic: Actors and InfluencesDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts16. Among other things, a nation is a __________ share characteristics such as language andculture.A) collection of territories thatB) group of people whoC) set of relationships thatD) group of elected politicians whoAnswer: BLearning Objective: 1.2 Evaluate whether states are still the key actors in international relations.Topic: Actors and InfluencesDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts

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617. __________ is only informally recognized as a state, despite being a political entity oftenreferred to as one.A) AbkhaziaB) IraqC) TaiwanD) Western SaharaAnswer: CLearning Objective: 1.2 Evaluate whether states are still the key actors in international relations.Topic: Actors and InfluencesDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts18. __________ are two intergovernmental organizations.A) Amnesty International and the Red CrossB) The WTO and the United Fruit CompanyC) OPEC and ISISD) The African Union and NATOAnswer: DLearning Objective: 1.2 Evaluate whether states are still the key actors in international relations.Topic: Actors and InfluencesDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the Concepts19. Which is an example of a transnational actor?A) international diplomats guildB) national trade unionsC) intergovernmental organizationsD) the U.S. State DepartmentAnswer: CLearning Objective: 1.2 Evaluate whether states are still the key actors in international relations.Topic: Actors and InfluencesDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the Concepts20. There are as many as __________ NGOs and 5,000 IGOs globally.A) 50,000B) 20,000C) 150,000D) 5,000Answer: ALearning Objective: 1.2 Evaluate whether states are still the key actors in international relations.Topic: Actors and Influences

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7Difficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts21. Sovereignty is __________.A) a state government answering to no higher authorityB) a goal of international organizations in world affairsC) the ability of one country to have influence over anotherD) the development of participatory institutions of social lifeAnswer: ALearning Objective: 1.2 Evaluate whether states are still the key actors in international relations.Topic: Actors and InfluencesDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Understand the Concepts22. According to transformationalists, why is sovereignty sometimes more fluid than one mightthink?A) States find it increasingly difficult to deal with contemporary problems such as refugee flows.B) A state’s wealth is the main factor determining whether its sovereignty is respected by others.C) Some states such as those in sub-Saharan Africa are too weak to protect their sovereignty.D) International organizations such as the EU erode state sovereignty.Answer: DLearning Objective: 1.2 Evaluate whether states are still the key actors in international relations.Topic: Actors and InfluencesDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Analyze It23. The set of relationships among the world’s states, structured according to __________, isreferred to as the international system.A) globalizationB) how power is distributedC) certain rules and patterns of interactionD) transnational trade agreementsAnswer: CLearning Objective: 1.2 Evaluate whether states are still the key actors in international relations.Topic: Actors and InfluencesDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Understand the Concepts24. Because it is entirely a U.S. entity but also operates an International Trade Division topromote exports and foreign investment, the state of Ohio could be considered a(n) __________actor.A) governmentalB) substate

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8C) internationalD) transnationalAnswer: BLearning Objective: 1.2 Evaluate whether states are still the key actors in international relations.Topic: Actors and InfluencesDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Apply What You Know25. Nongovernmental organizations are __________ organizations acting as __________ actors.A) public; transnationalB) private; transnationalC) private; intranationalD) public; nationalAnswer: BLearning Objective: 1.2 Evaluate whether states are still the key actors in international relations.Topic: Actors and InfluencesDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the Concepts26. Groups within states that influence the state’s __________ are called substate actors.A) foreign policyB) political philosophyC) nongovernmental organizationsD) sovereigntyAnswer: ALearning Objective: 1.2 Evaluate whether states are still the key actors in international relations.Topic: Actors and InfluencesDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Understand the Concepts27. The __________ level of analysis concerns the perceptions, choices, and actions of humanbeings.A) domesticB) systemicC) individualD) interstateAnswer: CLearning Objective: 1.2 Evaluate whether states are still the key actors in international relations.Topic: Actors and InfluencesDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Understand the Concepts

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928. The __________ level of analysis concerns the influence of the international system onoutcomes, whereas the __________ level of analysis concerns the aggregations of individualswithin states that influence state actions in the international arena.A) domestic; interstateB) systemic; individualC) individual; domesticD) interstate; domesticAnswer: DLearning Objective: 1.2 Evaluate whether states are still the key actors in international relations.Topic: Actors and InfluencesDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the Concepts29. Consideration of the political organizations, government agencies, and economic sectors ofstates is the focus of the __________ level of analysis.A) individualB) domesticC) interstateD) globalAnswer: BLearning Objective: 1.2 Evaluate whether states are still the key actors in international relations.Topic: Actors and InfluencesDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Understand the Concepts30. Which is a domestic-level explanation for the 2003 U.S.-led war against Iraq?A) President Bush’s desire to remove Saddam HusseinB) the rise of neoconservative policymakers in the U.S. administrationC) the global distribution of power in favor of the United StatesD) the unwillingness of the UN Security Council to punish IraqAnswer: BLearning Objective: 1.2 Evaluate whether states are still the key actors in international relations.Topic: Actors and InfluencesDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Apply What You Know31. Levels of analysis offer __________ explanations for international events.A) militaryB) uniformC) differentD) individualAnswer: C

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10Learning Objective: 1.2 Evaluate whether states are still the key actors in international relations.Topic: Actors and InfluencesDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Understand the Concepts32. According to scholars who see globalization as the fruition of liberal economic principles,what role do states play in the process of globalization?A) They are the driving forces.B) A handful of states dominate the process.C) They share equal power in the process.D) They have become obsolete as economic units.Answer: DLearning Objective: 1.2 Evaluate whether states are still the key actors in international relations.Topic: Actors and InfluencesDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Analyze It33. Which theorists are most likely to believe that the European Union is ultimately going toreplace its individual member states?A) liberalsB) realistsC) transformationalistsD) globalization skepticsAnswer: CLearning Objective: 1.2 Evaluate whether states are still the key actors in international relations.Topic: Actors and InfluencesDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Apply What You Know34. A major source of conflict and war at present is the frequent mismatch between perceived__________ and actual state borders.A) sovereign statesB) non-sovereign statesC) failed statesD) nationsAnswer: DLearning Objective: 1.2 Evaluate whether states are still the key actors in international relations.Topic: Actors and InfluencesDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the Concepts35. With respect to globalization, __________.A) its opponents are mostly united in their goals and tactics

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11B) policies to expand free trade are a central focus of antiglobalization protestersC) all sides agree that the North-South gap is disappearing faster than everD) states are becoming stronger and more important actors in global politicsAnswer: BLearning Objective: 1.2 Evaluate whether states are still the key actors in international relations.Topic: Actors and InfluencesDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Analyze It36. Which of the following is a major point of view on globalization?A) Globalization diffuses authority, transforming state power to operate in new contexts.B) The world’s major economies are more integrated today than before World War I, and theNorth-South gap is decreasing.C) Globalization is changing international security more quickly and profoundly than it ischanging international political economy.D) Globalization is the fruition of conservative economic principles where a nationalmarketplace has brought a lack of prosperity.Answer: ALearning Objective: 1.2 Evaluate whether states are still the key actors in international relations.Topic: Actors and InfluencesDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Analyze It37. Large states possessing massive military and economic strength and influence are called__________.A) veto playersB) rogue statesC) hegemonsD) great powersAnswer: DLearning Objective: 1.2 Evaluate whether states are still the key actors in international relations.Topic: Actors and InfluencesDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts38. The __________ relatively rich industrialized countries and relatively poor countries iscalled the North-South gap.A) conflict betweenB) unity amongC) scarcity problem amongD) disparity betweenAnswer: D

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12Learning Objective: 1.3 Identify at least three commonalities between states in the global Northand states in the global South.Topic: Global GeographyDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Understand the Concepts39. In the global North, income levels per capita are roughly __________ times as high as in theglobal South.A) threeB) fiveC) tenD) twentyAnswer: BLearning Objective: 1.3 Identify at least three commonalities between states in the global Northand states in the global South.Topic: Global GeographyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Remember the Facts40. Given the definition of the North-South gap, __________ is considered to be in the globalNorth.A) TurkeyB) South KoreaC) South SudanD) South AfricaAnswer: BLearning Objective: 1.3 Identify at least three commonalities between states in the global Northand states in the global South.Topic: Global GeographyDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Analyze It41. The Marshall Plan was a policy designed to __________.A) create the North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationB) fight Nazi GermanyC) rebuild European economiesD) ensure détenteAnswer: CLearning Objective: 1.4 Explain at least two differences between the Cold War era and the post–Cold War era.Topic: The Evolving International SystemDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts

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1342. What was the result of the Korean War at the time of the 1953 truce?A) North Korea controlled more of the Korean peninsula.B) China shifted its support to South Korea.C) The United States shifted its support to North Korea.D) The United States hardened its attitude toward communism.Answer: DLearning Objective: 1.4 Explain at least two differences between the Cold War era and the post–Cold War era.Topic: The Evolving International SystemDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Analyze It43. The Sino-Soviet split resulted in China becoming extremely __________ in the 1960s.A) affluentB) militaristicC) philosophicalD) independentAnswer: DLearning Objective: 1.4 Explain at least two differences between the Cold War era and the post–Cold War era.Topic: The Evolving International SystemDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the Concepts44. In the Cold War era, just as was the case for the United States in Vietnam, the Soviet Unioncould not defeat rebel armies in __________.A) HungaryB) CzechoslovakiaC) PolandD) AfghanistanAnswer: DLearning Objective: 1.4 Explain at least two differences between the Cold War era and the post–Cold War era.Topic: The Evolving International SystemDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Remember the Facts45. When Yugoslavia fell apart, __________.A) European countries joined forces and sent troops to defend the borders of the newlyindependent, sovereign statesB) UN peacekeeping troops intervened and were able to keep casualties to a minimum

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