Test Bank For Myers' Psychology for AP, 1st Edition

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1Flowis characterized by a ________ awareness of self and a(n)________ awareness of the passing of time.sensory; diminishedIncorrectdiminished; subliminalIncorrectheightened; heightenedIncorrectdiminished; diminished(True Answer )Correctsensory; subliminalIncorrect2Those who view their work as a necessary but personallyunfulfilling way to make money are said to view work as aflow.Incorrectcontract.Incorrectjob.(True Answer )Correctcalling.Incorrectcareer.Incorrect3Andrea views her work as primarily an opportunity to climb upthe corporate ladder in pursuit of increasingly better positions.Andrea apparently views her work as acalling.Incorrectjob.Incorrectcontract.Incorrectcareer.(True Answer )Correctflow.Incorrect4Work is most likely to satisfy the higher-level needs in Maslow'shierarchy for those whowork only part-time.Incorrectview their work as a calling.(True Answer )Correctare strongly motivated by high wages.Incorrectare supervised by managers with a directive style.Incorrectview work as a means to an end.Incorrect5Work is LEAST likely to satisfy the higher-level needs inMaslow's hierarchy for those whoreceive 360-degree feedback.Incorrectfrequently experience flow.Incorrectview their work as a job.(True Answer )Correctare self-employed.Incorrect

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work in the service industry.Incorrect6Those who view their work as a fulfilling and socially usefulactivity are said to view work asa job.Incorrecta calling.(True Answer )Correcta career.Incorrectcontractual.Incorrecttemporary.Incorrect7After studying artists who would spendhour after hour paintingor sculpting with enormous concentration, Csikszentmihalyiformulated the concept oftransformation leadership.Incorrectstrengths-based selection.Incorrectachievement motivation.Incorrect360-degree feedback.Incorrectflow.(True Answer )Correct8A completely focused state of consciousness resulting fromoptimal engagement of one's skills is called360-degree feedback.Incorrecttask leadership.Incorrectflow.(True Answer )Correctachievement motivation.Incorrectgrit.Incorrect9Which of the following is the most complete definition of theflow state as described by Csikszentmihalyi?a completely focused state of consciousness resulting fromoptimal engagement of one's skills(True Answer )Correctthe pinnacle of psychological achievement, exemplified by alack of ego and concern for all other peopleIncorrecta clinical situation in which the patient feels completelyaccepted by the therapistIncorrectthe extreme focus experienced by people engaged in multi-media activities, such as video games and televisionviewing.Incorrectthe feeling of lost time experienced during hallucinatorystatesIncorrect

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10A high level of satisfaction with one's work is most likely to bereported by those who frequently experienceflow.(True Answer )Correcthuman factors.Incorrectunstructured interviews.Incorrect360-degree feedback.Incorrectevaluation.Incorrect11Matt is a high school sophomore who often becomes so fullyabsorbed in his course studies that he completely loses hisawareness of how long he has been working. Matt's experiencebest illustrates360-degree feedback.Incorrectstrengths-based training.Incorrectassistive listening.Incorrectflow.(True Answer )Correctextrinsic motivation.Incorrect12Which profession is most likely to be concerned with the effectof supervisors' management styles on worker motivation andproductivity?developmental psychologyIncorrectsocial psychologyIncorrectindustrial-organizational psychology(True Answer )Correctcognitive psychologyIncorrectpersonality psychologyIncorrect13Which profession is most directly involved in the application ofpsychology's principles to the workplace?social psychologyIncorrectpersonality psychologyIncorrectcognitive psychologyIncorrectdevelopmental psychologyIncorrectindustrial-organizational psychology(True Answer )Correct14Matching people with existing jobs isto ________ psychology asmodifying jobs and supervision is to ________ psychology.human factors; organizationalIncorrectorganizational; human factorsIncorrectpersonnel; organizational(True Answer )Correct

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organizational; personnelIncorrectindustrial; organizationalIncorrect15Dr. Eisenberg develops assessment tools for use by companysupervisors toappraise the performance of workers and makedecisions about job promotions. His work best illustrates that ofa(n) ________ psychologist.clinicalIncorrectpersonnel(True Answer )CorrectorganizationalIncorrecthuman factorsIncorrectindustrialIncorrect16Developing assessment tools for selecting and placing employeesis of most direct relevance tosocial psychology.Incorrectclinical psychology.Incorrectorganizational psychology.Incorrecthuman factors psychology.Incorrectpersonnel psychology.(True Answer)Correct17Human factors psychologists are most likely to be involved indesigning training programs to prepare unemployed personsfor existing jobs.Incorrectexploring how machines can be optimally designed to fithuman abilities.(True Answer )Correctassessing the impact of supervisors' management styles onbusiness productivity.Incorrectmatching people's strengths with specific jobassignments.Incorrectcreating psychological instruments that assess employees'strengths and weaknesses.Incorrect18Human factors psychology is one of the three main subfields ofclinical psychology.Incorrectpersonnel psychology.Incorrectsocial psychology.Incorrectindustrial-organizational psychology.(True Answer )Correctdevelopmental psychology.Incorrect

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19Personnel psychologists are most likely to be involved inmatching people's strengths with specific jobassignments.(True Answer )Correctmodifying work environments so as to improve employeeengagement.Incorrectcontributing to the design of user-friendly industrialmachines.Incorrectassessing the effect of supervisors' management styles onbusiness productivity.Incorrectdocumenting the most efficient time-management techniquesby productive employees.Incorrect20After discovering that their company'sbest software developersare highly analytical, personnel psychologists focused theiremployment ads for additional software developers less onapplicants' experience and more on their ability to engage inlogical problem solving. This best illustrates their commitmentto360-degree feedback.Incorrectsocial leadership.Incorrectstructured interviews.Incorrecta strengths-based selection system.(True Answer )Correcttask leadership.Incorrect21Work activities that are specifically suited to your strengths aremost likely to be those associated with the experience offlow.(True Answer )Correct360-degree feedback.Incorrectimplementation intentions.Incorrectexternal rewards.Incorrecthuman factors.Incorrect22A performance evaluation program revealed that the mosteffective salespeople in a large company are sincere andenergetic in their work. This led the company's psychologicalconsultants to develop a simulation that would assess the extentto which applicants for company sales positions communicate ina forthright and animated manner. This most clearly illustratesthe consultants' commitment tostructured interviews.Incorrect

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human factors psychology.Incorrecta strengths-based selection system.(True Answer )Correct360-degree feedback.Incorrectoperant conditioning theory.Incorrect23How do unstructured interviews compare with aptitude testsand job knowledge tests in predicting on-the-job performance?they are better than aptitude tests, but worse than jobknowledge testsIncorrectthey are as good as aptitude tests, butbetter than jobknowledge testsIncorrectthey are better than aptitude tests, and better than jobknowledge testsIncorrectthey are worse than aptitude tests, and worse than jobknowledge tests(True Answer )Correctthey are worse than aptitude tests, but as good as jobknowledge testsIncorrect24Which of the following is generally the poorest predictor offuture job performance?aptitude testsIncorrectjob knowledge testsIncorrectsimulated job performance testsIncorrectevaluations from informal interviews(True Answer)Correctstrengths-based testingIncorrect25Interviewers are disposed to judge jobapplicants morefavorably when informed that the applicantsare applying for their very first career position.Incorrecthave been prescreened by other company personnel.(TrueAnswer )Correctare nervous and worried about making a goodimpression.Incorrecthave a strong desire to work hard if paid well.Incorrectare talented and have high IQs.Incorrect26Mr. Walters has many years of experience as a personnel officerfor a large corporation. He does not review most job applicants'reference files because he is confident of his ability to predicttheir future work performance based on his direct face-to-faceconversations with them. Mr. Walters' confidence best

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illustratessocial leadership.Incorrect360-degree feedback.Incorrectthe halo error.Incorrecttransformational leadership.Incorrectthe interviewer illusion.(True Answer )Correct27When meeting job applicants, employers often discount theinfluence of varying situations on applicants' behaviors andpresume that what they observe applicants do and say reflectsthe applicants' enduring personality traits. This most clearlycontributestoseverity errors.Incorrectthe interviewer illusion.(True Answer )Correctstrengths-based selection systems.Incorrectthe experience of flow.Incorrect360-degree feedback.Incorrect28If interviewers instantly like a job applicant because of his orher good looks, they may judge the person's complimentaryremarks as indicating ―polite manners‖ rather than―manipulative flattery.‖ This best illustrates the impact of________ on the interpretation of interviewees' responses.transformational leadershipIncorrectinterviewers' preconceptions(True Answer )Correct360-degree feedbackIncorrectachievement motivationIncorrectsubjective well-beingIncorrect29Danielle, an applicant for a positionin corporate financialaccounting, was so animated and enthusiastic in herconversations with company officials that they decided to hireher without carefully checking her resumé and past workaccomplishments. The company officials should most clearly beinformed abouthuman factors psychology.Incorrectsocial leadership.Incorrect360-degree feedback.Incorrectthe interviewer illusion.(True Answer )Correctthe experience of flow.Incorrect

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30By scripting specific job-relevant questions to be asked of allthose applying for a particular work position, a personnelpsychologist is mostclearly developing a framework formaximizing productivity.Incorrectthe experience of flow.Incorrecttransformational leadership.Incorrectstructured interviews.(True Answer )Correct360-degree feedback.Incorrect31Dr. Thompson is involved in scriptinginterview questions thatwill effectively predict job applicants' success in specific workpositions. Her work best illustrates that of a(n) ________psychologist.personnel(True Answer )CorrectorganizationalIncorrecthuman factorsIncorrectclinicalIncorrecthumanisticIncorrect32Structured interviews have more ________ than unstructuredinterviews.unit biasIncorrectleniency errorsIncorrectpredictive accuracy(True Answer )Correct360-degree feedbackIncorrectstatistical reliabilityIncorrect33Scales and checklists on which supervisors indicate the extent towhich a worker is productive, follows correct procedures, andattends to customers' needs are designed primarily for thepurpose of improvingunstructured interviews.Incorrectsocial leadership.Incorrectperformance appraisal.(True Answer )Correcta directive style of management.Incorrectindustrial production.Incorrect34Full and clear communication regarding Kelsey's effectivenessas a customer service manager is enhanced by the performanceappraisals she periodically receives from fellow managers,subordinates, customers, and her supervisor. This bestillustrates the value of

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experiencing flow.Incorrectstructured interviews.Incorrect360-degree feedback.(True Answer )Correcttask leadership.IncorrectMaslow's motivational hierarchy.Incorrect35The practice of 360-degree feedback isespecially likely toinvolveunit bias.Incorrectthe experience of flow.Incorrectbehavior checklists and rating scales.(True Answer )Correctcommand and control management.Incorrectstrengths testing.Incorrect36The practice of 360-degree feedback is most clearly designed toimproveachievement motivation.Incorrectthe experience of flow.Incorrecttask management.Incorrectunstructured interviews.Incorrectperformance appraisal.(True Answer )Correct37Carlos is so friendly and likable thathis job supervisors and co-workers often appraise his work skills and performance morepositively than is actually warranted. This best illustratesevaluators' vulnerability tostrengths-based performance.Incorrectthe interviewer illusion.Incorrectintrinsic motivation.Incorrectthe experience of flow.Incorrecthalo errors.(True Answer )Correct38Performance appraisal scales that specify in detail the precisebehaviors that are indicative of poor, adequate, good, andexcellent worker performance are most likely to inhibitseverity errors.(True Answer )Correctthe experience of flow.Incorrectstructured interviews.Incorrect360-degree feedback.Incorrecttask leadership.Incorrect

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39Paul is seldom absent from work. However, an illness theprevious week forced him to miss work for a day, and hissupervisor evaluated his performance less positively than waswarranted. This best illustrates the supervisor's vulnerability totheinterviewer illusion.Incorrectleniency errors.Incorrectrecency errors.(True Answer )Correctunit bias.Incorrecthuman factors.Incorrect40Jeff, who is 14, engages in rigorous tennis drills or competitiveplay at least four hours every day because he wants to masterthe sport and play on one of the best college teams in thecountry. His goal and behavior best illustrateperformance appraisal.Incorrect360-degree feedback.Incorrecthuman factors psychology.Incorrectachievement motivation.(True Answer )Correcttask leadership.Incorrect41When researchers monitored the professional accomplishmentsof more than 1500 highly intelligent individuals, they found thatthe most successful were more ambitious, energetic, andpersistent. This best illustrates the importance ofsocial leadership.Incorrectachievement motivation.(True Answer )Correct360-degree feedback.Incorrectperformance appraisal.Incorrectleniency errors.Incorrect42In studies of both secondary school and university students,________ has been a better predictor of school performancethan intelligence scores have been.social leadership.Incorrectself-discipline.(True Answer )Correct360-degree feedback.Incorrectfamily birth order.Incorrectleniency errors.Incorrect43A desire to pursue high standards andsignificantaccomplishments is indicative ofdrive reduction.Incorrect

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directive management.Incorrectsocial leadership.Incorrect360-degree feedback.Incorrectachievement motivation.(True Answer )Correct44A small number of the contributors toany field typicallyproduce a disproportionately large share of its accomplishmentsdespite the fact that their less productive professional colleaguesare fairly comparable in raw ability. This best illustrates theimportance ofsocial leadership.Incorrectachievement motivation.(True Answer )Correctstrengths-based selection.Incorrect360-degree feedback.Incorrectperformance appraisal.Incorrect45Those who demonstrate grit are especially likely to have a highlevel ofcharisma.Incorrectsocial leadership.Incorrectachievement motivation.(True Answer )Correctmanagement training.Incorrecttask leadership.Incorrect46The passionate and persistent dedication to an ambitious long-term goal that is often demonstrated by those with highachievement motivation is most indicative ofgrit.(True Answer )Correctcharisma.Incorrectoutsourcing.Incorrecta directive style of management.Incorrecta strengths-based style of management.Incorrect47A business setting in which workers have regular opportunitiesto do what they do best and perceive that they are part ofsomething significant is one that promotes360-degree feedback.Incorrectimplementation intentions.Incorrectemployee engagement.(True Answer )Correctunstructured interviews.Incorrecthuman factors.Incorrect

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48Organizational psychologists are most likely to be involved inmatching people's strengths with specific jobassignments.Incorrectmodifying work environments to improve employeeengagement.(True Answer )Correctcontributing to the design of user-friendly industrialmachines.Incorrectdesigning training programs to prepare unemployed personsfor existing jobs.Incorrectcreating new categories of personality traits as determined byempirical tests.Incorrect49Modifying management practices and work assignments toincrease employee engagement best illustrates the professionalconcerns ofhuman factors psychologists.Incorrectclinical psychologists.Incorrectpersonnel psychologists.Incorrectorganizational psychologists.(True Answer )Correctpsychometric psychologists.Incorrect50In the early 1800s, Robert Owen improved the workenvironment in a Scotland cotton mill with humanitarianreforms. The commercial success that followed best illustratesthe value ofstructured interviews.Incorrectemployee engagement.(True Answer )Correctleniency errors.Incorrecta strengths-based selection system.Incorrectpersonality trait testing.Incorrect51Business units with high levels of employee engagementexperiencehigher rates of organizational productivity and lower rates ofemployee turnover.(True Answer )Correctlower rates of organizational productivity and higher rates ofemployeeturnover.Incorrectequal rates of organizational productivity and higher rates ofemployee turnover.Incorrectlower rates of organizational productivity and lower rates of

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employee turnoverIncorrectequal rates of organizational productivity and lower rates ofemployee turnover.Incorrect52Expecting every teacher on staff at ahigh school to teach thesame number of courses and engage in the same amount ofafter-school activities wouldinterfere with the practice of 360-degree feedback.Incorrecthelp to promote social leadership.Incorrectfail to adequately develop the unique strengths of eachteacher.(True Answer )Correctfacilitate the teachers' experience of flow.Incorrectwork well, given the results of research on human factorsequity.Incorrect53By publicly praising their employees' positive behaviors,managers often encourage their workers to continue laboringproductively. This best illustrates the value ofreinforcement.(True Answer )Correct360-degree feedback.Incorrectademocratic management style.Incorrectexperiencing flow.Incorrecthuman factors.Incorrect54As a business manager, Julie often calls her employees' attentionto their occasional mistakes while withholding praise for theirmany accomplishments. Julie fails to take full advantage of abasic principle of360-degree feedback.Incorrectoperant conditioning.(True Answer )Correcttask leadership.Incorrectsocial leadership.Incorrectcognitive psychology.Incorrect55Antonio, a sixth-grader, has just brought home a 30-wordspelling test on which he spelled only 15 words correctly. IfAntonio's parents want to effectively encourage higher levels ofachievement in their son, they should tell him―What's important is that you do your bestalways.‖Incorrect―Try to raise your next test score 5 points by typing your newspelling words into our computer.‖(True Answer )Correct―Test performance is often unrelated to how much you

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actually learned.‖Incorrect―If you don't perform better on your next test, you won't beallowed to watch television before bedtime.‖Incorrect―You may not have a talent for spelling, and we'll talk withyour teacher about changing the test.‖Incorrect56The on-time completion of major work projects is most clearlyfacilitated byreducing flow.Incorrectscripting structured interviews.Incorrectreceiving 360-degree feedback.Incorrectstating implementation intentions.(True Answer )Correctpositive reinforcements and punishments.Incorrect57Leaders who set target dates for the completion of specificmeasurable goals best illustratetransformational leadership.Incorrectmanaging by objectives.(True Answer )Correct360-degree feedback.Incorrectthe experience of flow.Incorrectorganizational psychology.Incorrect58Managers with a task-leadership stylewould be most likely tomediate a conflict between two argumentativeemployees.Incorrectgive employees a high degree of freedom to develop their ownwork procedures.Incorrectremind employees of the exact deadlines for the completion ofwork projects.(True Answer )Correctavoid closely monitoring the productivity of individualemployees.Incorrectform work groups who develop their own deadlines andworkerevaluation instruments.Incorrect59Managers who set standards and keep agroup focused on itsgoals are said to excel intask leadership.(True Answer )Correct360-degree feedback.Incorrecta democratic management style.Incorrect

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human factors psychology.Incorrectsocial leadership.Incorrect60Managers with a social leadership style would be most likely toensure that individual employees contribute their fair share togroup projects.Incorrectdiscourage employees from critically discussing controversialcompany policies.Incorrectinform employees of the exact deadlines for the completion ofwork projects.Incorrectmediate a personal dispute between twoargumentativeemployees.(True Answer )Correctprovide employees with relatively easy workassignments.Incorrect61Women are more likely than men to exhibit the qualitiesassociated withunit bias.Incorrectrecency errors.Incorrecttransformational leadership.(True Answer )Correctcommand-and-control management.Incorrecthuman factors psychology.Incorrect62The great person theory of leadershipsuggested that all greatleadersdemonstrate a directive style.Incorrectprefer task leadership.Incorrectuse action plans.Incorrectshare certain traits.(True Answer )Correctprefer social leadership.Incorrect63The same individual may be either considered a great or aninferior coach depending on the strength of the team and itscompetition. This best illustrates a shortcoming ofa strengths-based selection system.Incorrect360-degree feedback.Incorrecta biopsychosocial approach.Incorrectthe great person theory of leadership.(True Answer )Correctorganizational psychology.Incorrect

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64By transforming a command-and-control work managementprocess to a joint-vision process, companies are likely to fosterunit bias.Incorrectleniency errors.Incorrectemployee engagement.(True Answer )Correcta strengths-based selection system.Incorrectflow.Incorrect65A blend of goal-based vision, clear communication, andoptimism that inspires others to follow is most characteristic ofleaders who demonstratecharisma.(True Answer )Correctunit bias.Incorrect360-degree feedback.Incorrectcommand-and-control management.Incorrecttask leadership.Incorrect66Motivating workers to identify with and commit themselves to agroup mission best illustratesa strengths-based selection system.Incorrect360-degree feedback.Incorrecta directive management style.Incorrecttransformational leadership.(True Answer )Correcthuman factors psychology.Incorrect67Clearly communicating a vision of goals so as to inspire others tofollow is most indicative ofstrengths-based selection systems.Incorrect360-degree feedback.Incorrecta directive management style.Incorrecttransformational leadership.(True Answer )Correctflow experiences.Incorrect68Employee engagement is most likely to be facilitated bytransformational leadership.(True Answer )Correctunstructured interviews.Incorrecthalo errors.Incorrecthuman factors psychology.Incorrecttask management.Incorrect

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69Effective managers often demonstrate ________ levels of taskleadership and ________ levels of social leadership.consistent; lowIncorrectlow; consistentIncorrectlow; lowIncorrecthigh; high(True Answer )Correctconsistent; consistentIncorrect70If given a chance to express their ownopinions during adecision-making process, people will respond more positively tothe decision. This illustratesunit bias.Incorrecta voice effect.(True Answer )Correct360-degree feedback.Incorrecta strengths-based selection system.Incorrectflow.Incorrect71Human factors psychologists would be most likely to aid in thedesign ofcomputer keyboards.(True Answer )Correctweight-reduction programs.Incorrectprotective clothing.Incorrectclassroom management techniques.Incorrectemployee evaluation tests.Incorrect72Psychologists who help design machines so that they make use ofour natural perceptions are calledpersonnel psychologists.Incorrectorganizational psychologists.Incorrecthuman factors psychologists.(True Answer )Correctpsychophysicists.Incorrectindustrial psychologists.Incorrect73Who would be most involved in designing user-friendlyprogramming controls for TVs and DVD and Blu-Ray players?organizational psychologistsIncorrecthuman factors psychologists(True Answer )Correctsocial psychologistsIncorrectparapsychologistsIncorrect

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psychophysicists.Incorrect74Designing aircraft instrument displaysso as to minimize pilots'misperception of flight data would be of most direct interest toparapsychologists.Incorrectpersonnel psychologists.Incorrectsocial psychologists.Incorrecthuman factors psychologists.(True Answer )Correctorganizational psychologists.Incorrect75Describe how a company might initiate annual reviews ofemployee performance without discouraging worker satisfactionand engagement.Students should explain that annual reviews of employeeperformance should reinforce to employees that they ―matter‖in their job and at the same time accurately assess theirperformance. Studies indicate that job satisfaction increases asjob performanceincreases. If the annual performance reviewaccurately reflects an improvement in job performance, thereview may help increase worker satisfaction and engagement.76Describe the contrasting effects of task leadership and socialleadership on employee morale and productivity. Explain howthe effectiveness of each style of leadership may be affected bythe personality traits and cultural background of the employees.Students should include definitions of task leadership and socialleadership somewhere in their answers. Task leadership is amanagement style involving setting standards, organizing work,and focusing attention on goals and may have either beneficialor detrimental effects on employee morale and productivity.Social leadership is a management style involving sharing therationale behind decisions, mediating conflicts, and emphasizingteam-building. Students should also explain that theeffectiveness of each style of leadership depends on factorsunique to employees, such as personality traits and culturalbackground. There is no one best style of management for allemployees (no ―great person theory of leadership‖).77Using emotional, behavioral, or cognitive methods to alleviatestress is known asbiofeedback.Incorrectthe fight-or-flight reaction.Incorrect

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complementary medicine.Incorrectcoping.(True Answer )Correctperceived control.Incorrect78Reducing stress directly by changing the way we interact with astressor best illustratesa Type A personality.Incorrecta Type B personality.Incorrectemotion-focused coping.Incorrectproblem-focused coping.(True Answer )Correctmeditation.Incorrect79Trying to reduce stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor ismost characteristic ofemotion-focused coping.(True Answer )Correctthe fight-or-flight reaction.Incorrectproblem-focused coping.Incorrectthe relaxation response.Incorrectoptimism.Incorrect80To alleviate the stress of losing herjob, Alicia enrolled in a workretraining program that led to full-time employment. Alicia'sbehavior best illustrateslearned helplessness.Incorrecta fight-or-flight reaction.Incorrectproblem-focused coping.(True Answer )Correcta Type A profile.Incorrectbiofeedback.Incorrect81To alleviate the stress he feels after failing the AP PsychologyExam, Jeremy seeks social support from his friends and family.Jeremy's behavior best illustratesa Type A personality.Incorrecta Type B personality.Incorrectproblem-focused coping.Incorrectemotion-focused coping.(True Answer )Correctbiofeedback.Incorrect82Vanessa alleviated some of the stress associated with the death ofher husband by becoming more actively engaged in her work.Her response best illustrates

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a fight-or-flight reaction.Incorrectperceived external control.Incorrectemotion-focused coping.(True Answer )Correcta Type B personality.Incorrectperceived internal control.Incorrect83Addressing stressors with problem-focused coping would bemost characteristic of those withlearned helplessness.Incorrectpersonal control.(True Answer )Correcta pessimistic outlook.Incorrecta fight-or-flight reaction.Incorrectsecure attachments.Incorrect84To alleviate the stress of long work hours, Phara has arranged amore convenient work schedule with her employer. Phara'sbehavior best illustratesspontaneous remission.Incorrecta Type B personality.Incorrectproblem-focused coping.(True Answer )Correcta Type A personality.Incorrectemotion-focused coping.Incorrect85Hakim has terminal cancer. He reacts to the stress of hiscondition by feeling grateful for his life and accepting hisoncoming death. His response best illustratesoptimism.Incorrectemotion-focused coping.(True Answer )Correcta Type A personality.Incorrectbiofeedback.Incorrecta Type B personality.Incorrect86When ―executive‖ and ―subordinate‖ rats received simultaneouselectric shocks, the ________ rat was subsequently more likely todevelop ________.―subordinate‖; ulcers(True Answer )Correct―executive‖; heart diseaseIncorrect―executive‖; hypertensionIncorrect―subordinate‖; immunity to diseaseIncorrect―executive‖; cancerIncorrect

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87Research has indicated that rats become more vulnerable toulcers when exposed to ________ shock.predictableIncorrectuncontrollable(True Answer )Correctlow-intensityIncorrectrepeatedIncorrectcontinuous.Incorrect88Primates at the top of the social pecking order are LESS likelyto contractcoldlike viral infections than those with lower socialstatus. This best illustrates the value ofoptimism.Incorrectemotion-focused coping.Incorrectthe fight-or-flight response.Incorrectperceived control.(True Answer )Correctcomplementary medicine.Incorrect89After being crowded into a small dormitory room with two otherroommates, 18-year-old Ferdinand feels he has little controlover his environment. His body is most likely to respond witha(n)reduction of blood cholesterol level.Incorrectproliferation of lymphocytes.Incorrectdecrease in blood-clotting speed.Incorrectoutpouring of epinephrine.(True Answer )Correctactivation of the parasympathetic nervous system.Incorrect90Captive animals are more vulnerable to disease than are wildanimals. This is best explained in terms ofproblem-focused coping.Incorrectbiofeedback.Incorrectemotion-focused coping.Incorrectperceived loss of control.(True Answer )Correctsocial support.Incorrect91Elderly nursing home residents tend to decline faster and diesooner than they would otherwise if they lackbiofeedback.Incorrectalternative medicine.Incorrectperceived control.(True Answer )Correct

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Type A personalities.IncorrectType B personalities.Incorrect92British civil service workers in executive positions live longerthan those in clerical positions. This best illustrates the value ofspontaneous remission.Incorrectperceived control.(True Answer)Correctthe general adaptation syndrome.Incorrectemotion-focused coping.Incorrectoptimism.Incorrect93A loss of perceived control tends to result inlow blood pressure.Incorrectreduced immune responses.(True Answer )Correctproblem-focused coping.Incorrectlow blood sugar levels.Incorrecttype-A responses.Incorrect94Animal studies demonstrate that stressful situations involving aloss of control lead toan outpouring of stress hormones.(True Answer )Correcta dramatic decrease in blood pressure.Incorrectincreasing immune system response.Incorrectlower testosterone levels.Incorrecta drop in endorphin responses.Incorrect95Alex experiences little stress becausehe expects things to workout the way he wants them to. This best illustrates the value ofa Type A personality.Incorrectspontaneous remission.Incorrectoptimism.(True Answer )Correcta Type B personality.Incorrectproblem-focused coping.Incorrect96Students who reported fewer coughs, aches, and pains near theend of the semester were those who had previously beenidentified as having a(n)optimistic outlook.(True Answer )CorrectType A personality.Incorrect

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emotion-focused coping.IncorrectType B personality.Incorrectproblem-based coping.Incorrect97During the first few weeks of law school, students were observedto have stronger immune systems if theyused emotion-focused coping.Incorrectwere optimistic.(True Answer )Correcthad high blood sugar levels.Incorrectutilized complementary and alternative medicine.Incorrectused energy therapies.Incorrect98Optimists are more likely than pessimists to experiencehigh blood sugar levels.Incorrectproblem-based coping.Incorrectperceived control.(True Answer )Correctbiofeedback.Incorrectemotion-focused coping.Incorrect99Amanda is stressed out because she thinks she's too sociallyinept to make friends with her new classmates. Amanda bestillustrates the debilitating effects ofspontaneous remission.Incorrecta Type A personality.Incorrectproblem-focused coping.Incorrectpessimism.(True Answer )Correcta Type B personalityIncorrect100Research participants who received nasal drops laden with acold virus were LEAST likely to catch a cold if they hadpositive social ties.(True Answer )CorrectType A personalities.IncorrectType B personalities.IncorrectCAM.Incorrectbiofeedback.Incorrect101Which of the following is most likelyto foster stronger immunefunctioning?energy therapiesIncorrect

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social support(True Answer )Correcta Type A personalityIncorrectthe fight-or-flight responseIncorrecta Type B personalityIncorrect102Social support helps to promote cardiovascular health bylowering blood pressure.(True Answer )Correctinhibiting immune activity.Incorrectenhancing positive biofeedback.Incorrectredistributing bloodflow from internal organs to skeletalmuscles.Incorrectengaging spontaneous remission.Incorrect103Undergraduate women who had been sexually abused aschildren were especially likely to report health problems if theyhadgrown up in a religious family.Incorrectkept the abuse a secret.(True Answer )Correctbeen victimized before age 5.Incorrectbeen victimized by a stranger rather than by a closerelative.Incorrectexperienced a dissociative identity disorder.Incorrect104People have been found to suffer fewerhealth problemsfollowing the death of their spouse if theystay busy and avoid thinking about their loss.Incorrectcommunicate their painful feelings of loss to closefriends.(True Answer )Correctspend time thinking about all the experiences they sharedwith their loved one.Incorrectquickly make plans for developing a new romanticrelationship.Incorrectexpel anger and frustration through catharticexpression.Incorrect105AIDS patients have been found to experience reduced levels ofdepression if they havebiofeedback.Incorrecta Type A personality.Incorrecta dog or other pet companion.(True Answer )Correct

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high blood sugar levels.Incorrecta Type B personality.Incorrect106After stockbrokers who lived alone had adopted a pet cat ordog, they were able to face stress with less ________ than theircounterparts without pets.blood pressure increase(True Answer )Correctemotion-focused copingIncorrectproduction of lymphocytesIncorrectproblem-focused copingIncorrectimmune system activationIncorrect107Activities such as jogging or swimming are forms ofstress appraisal.Incorrectrelaxation.Incorrectaerobic exercise.(True Answer )Correctbiofeedback.Incorrectenergy therapies.Incorrect108Aerobic exercise has been most closelylinked to a decrease inlymphocyte production.Incorrectdepression.(True Answer )Correctproblem-focused coping.Incorrectthe production of endorphins.IncorrectType A personality traits.Incorrect109Mildly depressed female college students assigned to a programof ________ reported a greater decrease in depression thanthose assigned to a program of ________.problem-focused coping; emotion-focused copingIncorrectbiofeedback; meditationIncorrectaerobic exercise; relaxation exercises(True Answer )Correctacupuncture; cognitive therapyIncorrectenergy therapy; mind-body interventionsIncorrect110Aerobic exercise is associated withincreased levels of serotonin and stable levels of theendorphins.Incorrect

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decreased levels of serotonin and increased levels of theendorphins.Incorrectincreased levels of serotonin and increased levels of theendorphins.(True Answer )Correctdecreased levels of serotonin and stable levels of theendorphins.Incorrectstable levels of serotonin and increased levels oftheendorphins.Incorrect111Aerobic exercise is an effective waytoreduce problem-focused coping.Incorrectreduce lymphocyte production.Incorrectreduce serotonin activity in the brain.Incorrectlower the blood pressure reaction to stress.(True Answer)Correctdecrease the immune systemresponse.Incorrect112The growth of new neurons in mice has been found to bepromoted byacupuncture.Incorrectbiofeedback.Incorrectaerobic exercise.(True Answer )Correctthe placebo effect.Incorrectenergy therapies.Incorrect113A system for electronically recordingand amplifyinginformation about physiological states, and thencommunicating that information back to a user is calledbiofeedback.(True Answer )Correctmind-body interventions.Incorrectenergy therapy.Incorrectproblem-focused coping.Incorrecthumanistic therapy.Incorrect114Aviad, a 50-year-old banking executiveand Type A personality,recently suffered a serious heart attack. To prevent arecurrence, Aviad would probably benefit most fromacupuncture therapies.Incorrectearly retirement.Incorrectrelaxation training.(True Answer )Correct

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pain control medication.Incorrectenergy therapy.Incorrect115The relaxation response associated with meditation is mostlikely todecrease oxygen consumption and decrease bloodpressure.(True Answer )Correctincrease glucose consumption and increase bloodpressure.Incorrectincrease oxygen consumption and decrease pulserate.Incorrectdecrease oxygen consumption and increase bloodpressure.Incorrectincrease glucose consumption and increase pulserate.Incorrect116In a study of Type A heart attack survivors, Friedman and hiscolleagues found that the most effective technique forpreventing recurrent heart attacks wasacupressure therapies.Incorrectpain control medication.Incorrectrelaxation training.(True Answer )Correctbiofeedback.Incorrectbody-based methods.Incorrect117During meditative relaxation, a part of the ________ lobe thattracks where we are in space is ________ active than usual.frontal; lessIncorrectparietal; less(True Answer )Correctoccipital; moreIncorrectparietal; moreIncorrecttemporal; lessIncorrect118Volunteers who participated in an eight-week course ofmeditation trainingexhibited increased levels of the ______activity associated with positive emotions.left hemisphere(True Answer )Correctright hemisphereIncorrectsomatic nervous systemIncorrectautonomic nervous systemIncorrectbrainstemIncorrect

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119A diminished sense of self, space, andtime is most likely to beassociated withspontaneous remission.Incorrectaerobic exercise.Incorrectmeditative relaxation.(True Answer )Correctemotion-focused coping.Incorrectproblem-focused coping.Incorrect120During meditative relaxation, a part of the ________ lobeinvolved in focused attention is ________ active than usual.temporal; lessIncorrectparietal; lessIncorrectfrontal; more(True Answer )Correctparietal; moreIncorrectoccipital; lessIncorrect121Homeopathy and herbal remedies are forms ofCAM.(True Answer )Correctemotion-focused coping.Incorrectbiofeedback.Incorrectspontaneous remission.Incorrectproblem-focused coping.Incorrect122Which form of treatment has claimed to correct imbalances ofenergy flow at identifiable points close to the skin?biofeedbackIncorrectaromatherapyIncorrectacupuncture(True Answer )Correctherbal medicineIncorrectCAMIncorrect123One study of migraine headache patients found that themajority of those who received ―sham acupuncture‖ enjoyedrelief. The patients' pain relief is most likely attributable toa decrease in lymphocyte production.Incorrectan increase in heart rate and blood pressure.Incorrectproblem-focused coping.Incorrectthe placebo effect.(True Answer )Correctemotion-focused coping.Incorrect

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124Whether a health care treatment is mainstream medicine or analternative medicine depends on whether the treatment hasbeenfrequently used and is currently popular.Incorrectadministered by a licensed MD.Incorrectscientifically validated as effective.(True Answer )Correctused for diseases that are curable.Incorrectdeveloped in an advanced, industrialized nation.Incorrect125People are most likely to inflate their assessments of the valueof alternative medicine for the treatment ofcoronary heart disease.Incorrectlung cancer.Incorrectarthritis.(True Answer )CorrectParkinson's disease.Incorrectschizophrenia.Incorrect126The correlation between religious involvement and lifeexpectancy best illustrates the health value ofthe Type B personality.Incorrectbiofeedback.Incorrectthe Type A personality.Incorrectthe faith factor.(True Answer )Correctemotion-focused coping.Incorrect127Israelis living innonreligious collective settlements wereobserved to have ________ than those living in religiouslyorthodox collective settlements.higher rates of death(True Answer )Correctbetter emotion-focused coping skillsIncorrecthigher lymphocyte levelsIncorrectbetter problem-focused coping skillsIncorrecthigher rates of Type B personalitiesIncorrect128A U.S. National Health Interview Survey found that those whoattend religious services regularly were more likely thannonattenders to experienceinfectious diseases.Incorrecta longer life span.(True Answer )Correctmind-body interventions.Incorrect

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biofeedback.IncorrectCAM.Incorrect129Religiously active people have _______socially supportiverelationships and ________ life-styles than those who are notreligiously active.fewer; equally healthyIncorrectfewer; healthierIncorrectmore; less healthyIncorrectmore; healthier(True Answer )Correctmore; equally healthyIncorrect130The correlation between religiosity and longevity has beenobserved to benonexistent when only men are considered.Incorrectnonexistent when only women are considered.Incorrectstronger when only men are considered than when onlywomen are considered.Incorrectstronger when only women are considered than when onlymen are considered.(True Answer )Correctnegative when religiousity is measured objectively.Incorrect131A U.S. National Health Interview Survey found that aftercontrolling for age, sex, race, and region, the longest lifeexpectancies were associated with those who attended religiousservicesonly very early in life.Incorrectless than once a year.Incorrectless than once a week.Incorrectonce a week.Incorrectmore than once a week.(True Answer )Correct132It has been suggested that a coherentworldview may contributeto the stress protection associated withthe type A personality.Incorrectthe fight-or-flight response.Incorrectthe faith factor.(True Answer )Correctbiofeedback.Incorrectthe Type B personality.Incorrect

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