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Physics /NASM: Chapter 12 - Posture, Movement, and Performance Assessments Part 1

NASM: Chapter 12 - Posture, Movement, and Performance Assessments Part 1

Physics20 CardsCreated 9 days ago

This deck covers key concepts from NASM Chapter 12, focusing on posture, movement, and performance assessments. It includes definitions, assessment techniques, and common postural distortions.

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What is static posture?

The positioning of the musculoskeletal system while the body is motionless.
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
What is static posture?
The positioning of the musculoskeletal system while the body is motionless.
What is dynamic posture?
Alignment of the body while in motion.
What is optimal movement?
Moving in a biomechanically efficient manner that maximizes muscle recruitment and minimizes risk of injury.
What is a movement assessment?
An assessment of a client’s movement patterns and postural alignment during movement or activity; also known as a dynamic postural assessment.
What is a muscle imbalance?
When muscles on each side of a joint have altered length-tension relationships.
What is mobility?
Optimal flexibility and joint range of motion; ability to move freely.
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NASM: Chapter 12 - Posture, Movement, and Performance Assessments Part 1
TermDefinition
What is static posture?
The positioning of the musculoskeletal system while the body is motionless.
What is dynamic posture?
Alignment of the body while in motion.
What is optimal movement?
Moving in a biomechanically efficient manner that maximizes muscle recruitment and minimizes risk of injury.
What is a movement assessment?
An assessment of a client’s movement patterns and postural alignment during movement or activity; also known as a dynamic postural assessment.
What is a muscle imbalance?
When muscles on each side of a joint have altered length-tension relationships.
What is mobility?
Optimal flexibility and joint range of motion; ability to move freely.
What is a performance assessment?
Assessments used to measure overall strength, muscular endurance, power, and agility.
What is pes planus?
Collapsed arch of the foot; also known as flat feet.
Define overactive muscles.
When elevated neural drive causes a muscle to be held in a chronic state of contraction.
Define underactive muscles.
When a muscle is experiencing neural inhibition and limited neuromuscular recruitment.
What is a static postural assessment?
An assessment that provides insight to deviations from optimal alignment of the body in a standing posture.
What are the kinetic chain checkpoints?
The five areas of the body that are monitored during movement assessments and exercise: foot/ankle, knees, lumbo-pelvic-hip complex, shoulders, and head.
What is an anterior pelvic tilt?
An excessive forward rotation of the pelvis that results in greater lumbar lordosis.
What is knee valgus?
Knees collapse inward (knock knees) due to hip adduction and internal rotation; also known as medial knee displacement and genu valgum.
What is knee varus?
Knees bow outward (bowlegged); also known as genu varum.

What are the three main postural distortions?

  1. Pes Planus Distortion syndrome: Characterized by flat feet, knee valgus, and adducted and internally rotated hips.

  2. Lower Crossed Syndrome: Characterized by an anterior pelvic tilt and excessive lordosis(extension) of the lumbar spine.

  3. Upper Crossed Syndrome: Characterized by a forward head and protracted (rounded) shoulders.

Describe the overhead squat assessment starting position.

  1. The client stands on a flat, stable surface with the feet shoulder-width apart and pointing straight ahead.

  2. The foot and ankle complex should be in a neutral position.

  3. Ideally, the assessment should be performed with the shoes off to better view the client’s foot and ankle complex.

  4. The client should raise their arms completely overhead with elbows fully extended.

Describe the overhead squat assessment movement.

  1. The client should squat to a depth that brings the femur parallel to the ground (approximately chair height) and then return to the starting position. The squat depth can be reduced if the client has discomfort or is incapable of performing a squat to this depth.

  2. The client will repeat the movement for approximately five repetitions, while the fitness professional views them from both the anterior and lateral vantage points.

Describe the anterior view overhead squat assessment checkpoints.

Feet: View the feet and knees from the front. The feet should remain pointed straight forward, as if the client is on snow skis. A common movement impairment is the feet externally rotating (turning out).

Knees: The client’s knees should track straight forward and remain directly over the client’s second and third toes. A common movement impairment is knee valgus (knees caving inward).

Knees: The client’s knees should track straight forward and remain directly over the client’s second and third toes. A common movement impairment is knee valgus (knees caving inward).
View the LPHC and shoulders from the lateral view. Three common movement impairments observed from the lateral view include an excessive forward lean of the torso, an excessive low-back arch, or arms falling forward.