Client-Centered Care Comprehensive Practice Exam With Answers (232 Solved Questions)

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Client-Centered Care Exam I With Verified
Questions and Verified Answers
What are the factors interfering with urinary elimination? - total loss of kidney's
ability to manufacture urine, decreased kidney profusion, blockage of the ureters,
disruption of the bladder by tumor or trauma, infection, neurologic damage to the
nerves, prostate surgery
What is the normal urinary elimination for infants? - 5-40 times a day
What is the normal urinary elimination for preschool children? - every 2 hours
What is the normal urinary elimination for adults? - 5-10 times per day
What is the normal amount of urination voided for males? - 300-500 mL
What is the normal amount of urination voided for females? - 250 mL
What should the average output for urination be? - approx 30 mL/hr
What are the functions of sleep? - They are important factors in general health
and recovery from illness, it increases your pain tolerance, and allows improved
response to analgesia
What is Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep? - the time period in which you dream, a
period of high level activity, heart rate, bp, and respirations are similar to that
when awake

What is Non-Rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep? - when the body receives the
most rest; heart rate, bp, and respirations decline
Newborn sleep requirements - atleast 16 hours of sleep per day
Age 1 sleep requirements - 12-14 hours per day
preschool sleep requirements - 11-13 hours per night
school-age sleep requirements - 10-11 hours per night
adolescents sleep requirements - 9-10 hours per night
adult sleep requirement - 8 hours per night
What effects does inadequate rest and sleep have on the body? - It negatively
affects many systems such as cardiovascular, respiratory, immune, and
neurological as well as metabolism
How is sleep affected in a hospital? - noise and commotion, frequently interrupted
by diagnostics tests and vital sign measurements
How can nurses reduce the disruption of rest and sleep? - by adjusting
environmental factors. using flashlights instead of turning on the lights, offer
earplugs
What are non-pharmacological pain treatments? - Transcutaneous electrical
nerve stimulation (TENS)
Percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (PENS)

Binders, application of heat and cold, relaxation, biofeedback, distraction, guided
imagery and meditation, music, hypnosis, massage
What are some pain management skills for acute and chronic pain? - They can be
treated with nonpharmacological and pharmacological methods
What pain medications may be ordered for acute and chronic pain? - nonsteroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs, COX-2 inhibitors, narcotics or opioid
What is pain classification? - Pain classification is how the pain feels such as
rushing, throbbing, pulsating, twisting, pulling, burning, searing, stabbing, tearing,
biting, blinding, nauseating, debilitating
What is acute pain? - usually associated with injury; short duration; usually
controlled with analgesics (pain killers)
What is chronic pain? - pain that may continue for months or years; often
associated with conditions such as arthritis or chronic back pain; may be treated
with pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions
What is nociceptive pain? - involves injury to the tissue; may be found in skin,
joints, or organ viscera; four phases; treatments are aimed at one or all four
phases
What are the 4 phases of nociceptive pain? - transduction, transmission,
perception, modulation; NSAIDs work at blocking transduction; Opioids block
transmission; distraction and guided imagery block perception; drugs that block
neurotransmitter uptake work on modulation

What is neuropathic pain? - associated with dysfunction of the nervous system;
pain receptors in the body become more sensitive to stimuli and send signals
more easily; often associated with Guillain-Barre Syndrome, cancer and HIV
How is neuropathic pain treated? - treated with NSAIDs, tricyclic antidepressants,
anticonvulsants, or corticosteroids
What is phantom pain? - occurs with loss of a body part of amputation; not
controlled by conventional methods; may be treated with TENS units implanted in
the thalamus
What is the number scale for pain? - rating the level of pain. 0 is pain free, 10 is
the worse pain imaginable
What is the picture scale for pain? - shows faces in varying degrees of pain
What is NIPS scale? - neonatal infant pain scale
What is CRIES scale? - crying, requires oxygen to maintain saturation, increased
vital signs, expression, and sleeplessness
What is PIPP scale? - Premature infant pain profile
What are nursing actions to promote patient safety in the home? - place a nonskid
bathmat in the tub or shower; use night-lights to help patient find the bathroom;
suggest installation of grab bars; install door buzzers or bed alarms; maintain the

same furniture arrangement; encourage removal of extension cords; caution the
patient about toys and animals; provide appropriate community resources
What are protected devices formally called restraints? - security belts for
wheelchairs, chairs with tabletops, extremity immobilizers, mittens/hand mits
How do you safely use a hospital bed? - mattresses should fit snuggly to the rails,
rails should be close enough together so that the clients head cannot accidentally
slip thru them, beds should always be in the lowest position and locked, half side
rails are okay to use for the purpose of client's independence
How do you use protective devices safely? - alternatives should be considered
first; when using a protective device, they must be checked every 15-30 mins;
immobilizer ties should be released every 2 hours
How do you use oxygen therapy equipment safely? - Supplemental oxygen is used
in healthcare facilities and in clients homes. smoking is never aloud around
oxygen, as a spark could cause a rapidly spreading fire
What is the 1st goal of National Client Safety? - improve the accuracy of patient
identification
What is the 2nd goal of National Client Safety? - improve the effectiveness of
communication among caregivers
What is the 3rd goal of National Client Safety? - improve the safety of using
medications
What is the 6th goal of National Client Safety? - reduce the harm associated with
clinical alarm systems

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What is the 7th goal of National Client Safety? - reduce the risk of healthcare-
associated infections
What is the 9th goal of National Client Safety? - reduce the risk of patient harm
resulting from falls
What is the 14th goal of National Client Safety? - prevent healthcare-associated
pressure ulcers
What is the 15th goal of National Client Safety? - the organization identifies safety
risks inherent in its patient population
Definition of nutrition - foods people eat and how their bodies use it
definition of nutrition science - scientific knowledge of food requirements for
growth, activity, reproduction, and maintenance
definition of dietetics - health profession that applies nutrition science to promote
health and treat disease
definition of registered dietitian - nutrition authority on the health care team
What is health and wellness? - health is more than just absence of disease, it
includes meeting basic needs; recognizes individual as a whole; considers internal
and external environments; wellness seeks full development of potential
What are National Health Goals? - continue focus on wellness; emphasize positive
health promotion and disease prevention; healthy people 2020 focuses on the
nations main objectives of positive health promotion and disease prevention

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What is the preventive approach to health? - identify and minimize risk factors in
advance to developing disease
What is the traditional approach to health? - attempts change when symptoms of
illness or disease already exist
What are signs of good nutrition? - well-developed body; ideal weight for height
and body composition; good muscle development; smooth and clear skin; glossy
hair; clear and bright eyes
What is the importance of a balanced diet? - well-nourished people are more likely
to be mentally and physically alert, have a positive outlook, and be able to resist
infectious diseases
What are the 6 essential nutrients? - carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins,
minerals, water
What are nonessential nutrients? - nutrients that can be manufactured in the body
by means of other nutrients; not essential to consume regularly in the diet
What are energy-yielding nutrients? - nutrients that break down to yield energy
within the body, including carbohydrates, fat and protein
What are the basic functions of food? - provide energy, build tissue, and regulate
metabolic processes
What are carbohydrates used for in the body? - primary source of fuel for energy;
maintain body's backup store of quick energy as glycogen; ideally provide 45-65%
of total kilocalories

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What are proteins used for in the body? - ideally provide 10-35% of total
kilocalories; source of energy only when supply from carbohydrates and fats is
insufficient; BUILDS and REPAIRS TISSUE; should be preserved for other critical
functions such as structure, enzyme and hormone production, and fluid balance;
provide amino acids
What are fats used for in the body? - animal and plant sources; secondary storage
form of energy; ideally provide 20-35% of total kilocalories
What are vitamins and minerals used for in the body? - help regulate many body
processes; Vitamin C in developing collagen; calcium and phosphorus for building
and maintaining bone tissue; iron is an essential part of hemoglobin in the blood.
A polyunsaturated fat is defined as a fatty acid: - that has 2 or more unfilled
spaces for hydrogen
How much energy does fat provide when used by the body? - 9 kcal/g
What is a major source of monounsaturated fats in the diet? - vegetable oils
What amino acid is an indispensable amino acid? - phenylalanine
Alpha-linolenic acid is which type of fatty acid? - Omega 3 fatty acid
What is the primary function of protein in the body? - builds new tissue and
repairs damaged tissue
When referring to amino acids, what does the term "conditionally indispensable"
mean? - They're key in rare conditions, but can normally be synthesized in the
body

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Client-Centered Care Comprehensive Practice Exam With Answers (232 Solved Questions)

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