Microbiology Lab Final Study guide with Answers (115 Solved Questions)

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Microbiology Lab Final Study guideWhich of the following may benefit from the identification of specificmicroorganisms?- Environmental bioremediation programs- Criminal investigations- Radiation treatment of produce and meats- Treatment of infectious disease - - Environmental bioremediationprograms- Criminal investigations- Treatment of infectious disease_______________ identification methods examine the DNA sequence of anorganism, whereas _______________ identification methods use antibody-antigen reactions to identify microorganisms. - Genotypic; immunologicWhich methods used to identify a microorganism causing an infection relyon the response of the host, rather than observation of themicroorganism's properties? - Immunologic methodsWhich of the following would be most valuable to confirm the identificationof microorganisms isolated during a food poisoning outbreak?- Growth on agar plates to identify colony morphology- Gram stain to view cellular morphology- Identification of microorganisms using microscopic, cultural, andphysiological characteristics - Identification of microorganisms usingmicroscopic, cultural, and physiological characteristics

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What three main approaches can be used by microbiologists to identifymicroorganisms?- Antibiotic- Atmospheric- Transgenic- Genetic- Immunologic- Phenotypic - - Genetic- Immunologic- PhenotypicWhich of the following correctly describes E. coli?- Can move using its flagella- Possesses the enzyme for tryptophan breakdown- Ferments only glucose- Would be pink on MacConkey agar plate after incubation- Does not produce acids during fermentation - - Can move using its flagella- Possesses the enzyme for tryptophan breakdown- Would be pink on MacConkey agar plate after incubationWhat is the minimum number of media that you would need to inoculate todetermine the red-circled items on this flowchart? - ThreeE. coli would appear _________________ in color and _________________ -shaped under microscopic examination. - Pink; rodWhich of the following tests could have been used to determine that E. coli isa lactose-fermenter?- Methyl red test- KIA test

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- MacConkey agar- SIM medium- Urease test - - KIA test- MacConkey agarThe Gram stain is an example of a test that can be used to determine the________________ characteristics of a bacterium. - MorphologicalA particular microorganism can be distinguished from several closelyrelated microorganisms by determination of its preferred growthtemperature. This is an example of a _______________________characteristic that can be used for identification. - CulturalWhich of the following are examples of physiological (biochemical)characteristics that could be used in the bacterial identification process?- Gram stain reaction- Growth in nutrient broth- Ability to break down lipids- Presence of specific enzyme- Cell shape - - Ability to break down lipids- Presence of specific enzymeWhich of the following is an example of a morphological characteristic thatcould be used in the bacterial identification process?- Production of gas bubbles in broth- Oxygen requirement- Cell shape- Presence of urease enzyme - Cell shape

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Which of the following is an example of a culturing requirement that couldbe used in the bacterial identification process?- Ability to ferment glucose- Cell shape- Gram stain reaction- Oxygen preferences - Oxygen preferencesAn organism has been shown to produce hydrogen sulfide and indole in itsmetabolism. These are examples of ____________________ characteristicsthat can be helpful in identifying the microorganism. - PhysiologicalWhat is the internationally recognized reference for bacterial classificationand identification? - Bergey's ManualThe ninth edition of Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology wasdesigned solely for _________________________. - Identifying bacteria thathave already been cultured and phenotypically examinedBefore attempting to identify an unknown bacterial species, the organismmust be isolated in a/an _________________ culture. - PureWhich of the following methods could be used to isolate bacteria from amixture?- Streak plating- Serial dilution followed by spread plating- Gram staining- Smear preparation- Loop dilution pour plating - - Streak plating- Serial dilution followed by spread plating- Loop dilution pour plating

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Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology first categorizes bacteriabased upon which of the following characteristics?- Gram stain reaction- Cell shape- Presence of certain enzymes- Fermentation abilities - - Gram stain reaction- Cell shapeIdentification of a bacterium can not be made on microscopic morphologyalone because ______________________. - Many microorganisms have asimilar microscopic morphologyHow do you determine the strain of an unknown bacterium? - You usemultiple biochemical tests and pre-existing knowledge to classify thebacteriaTrue or False: A standard set of biochemical tests is used to identify alltypes of bacteria, regardless of morphological and cultural characteristics.- FalseWhich of the following are advantages of using multitest media or systems?- Improved accuracy- Improved efficiency- Reduction in media usage- Reduction in time required for identification - - Improved efficiency- Reduction in media usage- Reduction in time required for identification

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A ______________________ key is a flowchart that can be used to identifyan organism by making a series of choices until you arrive at onepossibility. - DichotomousYou have isolated a bacterial strain from a patient sample. In order todetermine the identity of the bacterium, you have performed the followingtests:1. Nitrate test - Negative2. Glucose fermentation - Negative3. Oxidase test - PositiveBased on these results, the unknown bacterium is most likely_______________. - Alcaligenes faecalisAccording to this flowchart, what test is most useful for distinguishingbetween Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae? - Oxidase testThe name of the reference book that provides information about the stainingproperties, morphology, and biochemical reactions of all known bacterialspecies is ____________________ Manual. - Bergey'sWhen choosing a biochemical test to perform on an unknown bacterium, youshould consider which of the following? - Choose an easy, rapid test that isapplicable for its main group of bacteria.Which of the following media tests can provide information on more thanone biochemical characteristic?- Kligler's iron agar (KIA)- Oxidase test

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- Gram staining- SIM tubes - - Kligler's iron agar (KIA)- SIM tubesThe first choice in this dichotomous key is based on the organism's__________________________. - Gram reactionMatch each image to its correct biochemical test. -Which of the following biochemical tests can be performed on a well-isolated colony and can provide immediate results without furtherincubation?- Glucose fermentation- Oxidase test- Nitrate reduction- Citrate test - Oxidase testWhich of the following biochemical tests involve growth of an organism in aspecific broth medium?- SIM test- Phenol red carbohydrate fermentation test- Nitrate reduction test- Methyl red test- Oxidase test - - Phenol red carbohydrate fermentation test- Nitrate reduction test- Methyl red testWhich of the following media allows for the observation of multiplebiochemical properties?- MacConkey agar

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- SIM- Citrate medium- Urea agar - SIMMatch each test name with an image depicting the test. -The oxidase test determines the presence of cytochrome oxidase enzyme.This enzyme functions as part of ______________________. - The electrontransport chainMatch each of the following components of citrate agar with its role.1. Citrate2. Ammonium salts3. Bromothymol bluea. pH indicatorb. Carbon sourcec. Nitrogen source - - Citrate --> Carbon source- Ammonium salts --> Nitrogen source- Bromothymol blue --> pH indicatorE. coli is positive on the nitrate reduction test after the addition of the firsttwo reagents. This means that E. coli reduces nitrate to_______________________. - NitriteWhich of the following is detected by the methyl red test?- Mixed acid fermentation- Indole production- Lactose fermentation

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- Nitrate reduction - Mixed acid fermentationPhenol red carbohydrate broths with Durham tubes can detect____________________________. - - Gas production- Fermentation- Acid productionWhich of the following is true of a bacterial species that produces dark pinkcolonies when grown on MacConkey agar?- They are lactose fermenters.- They ferment glucose with the production of mixed stable acids.- They reduce nitrate to nitrite.- They must be gram-negative bacilli.- They produce urease enzyme. - - They are lactose fermenters- They must be gram-negative bacilliAn organism produces urease enzyme. Which of the following describes thecolor change expected in the test medium for this enzyme? - Changes fromyellow to bright pinkA KIA tube was inoculated with a bacterial isolate and incubated for 24hours. At the end of incubation, the tube had a red slant and a yellow butt.What does this indicate about the biochemical properties of this bacterialspecies? - - Glucose was fermented.- Lactose was not fermented.A tube of SIM medium was inoculated and incubated for 24 hours. Followingincubation, the tube was cloudy, showed black precipitate, and when Kovac'sreagent was added, it turned bright pink. Which of the following is a correctinterpretation of these results? - - Hydrogen sulfide production: positive

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- Motility: positive- Indole: positiveYou conducted an oxidase test to detect the production of oxidase enzyme.Is the result positive or negative? - NegativeThis is how the MacConkey agar plate looks after 24 hours of incubation.Are these bacteria positive or negative for lactose fermentation? - NegativeThis is how the KIA test looks after 24h. Is the unknown bacterium positiveor negative for glucose fermentation, lactose fermentation and H2Sproduction? - Glucose Positive - Lactose Negative - H2S NegativeYou conducted a citrate test. Is this result positive or negative? - NegativePositive citrate test -This is how the KIA test looks after 24h. Is the unknown bacterium positiveor negative for glucose fermentation, lactose fermentation and H2Sproduction? - Glucose Positive - Lactose Negative - H2S PositiveYou conducted a urease test. Is this result positive or negative for ureaseactivity? - NegativeThis is how the KIA test looks after 24h. Is the unknown bacterium positiveor negative for glucose fermentation, lactose fermentation and H2Sproduction? - Glucose Positive - Lactose Positive - H2S NegativeYou conducted a methyl red test. Is the result positive or negative? -Positive

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This is how the SIM medium looks after 24h. Is the unknown bacteriumpositive or negative for H2S production, indole generation and motility? -H2S Negative - Indole Positive - Motility PositiveYou conducted an oxidase test to detect the production of the oxidaseenzyme. Is the result positive or negative? - PositiveThis is how the phenol red glucose broth with a Durham tube looks after 24hours of incubation. Is this bacterium positive or negative for glucosefermentation? - NegativeThe field of study in which medicine and microbiology intersect is known as___________. - Medical microbiologyWhich of the following is a characteristics of members of the residentmicrobiota?- Resident microbiota often initiate allergic reactions.- Resident microbiota typically cause serious infections.- Resident microbiota can compete with and limit growth of harmfulbacteria.- Resident microbiota are a major source of nutrients for our bodies. -Resident microbiota can compete with and limit growth of harmful bacteria.Which of the following body sites normally have large numbers of residentmicrobiota?- Liver- Large intestine- Blood- Throat

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