Microbiology Practice Exam With Answers (1000 Solved Questions)

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EXAMINATION TESTS OF MICROBIOLOGY VIROLOGY ANDIMMUNOLOGY DISCIPLINEFOR FACULTY OF GENERAL MEDICINE FOR FOREIGN CITIZENSBasic bacteriology1.Who first designed the microscope, saw and sketched microbes?A.Louis PasteurB.Robert KochC.Ilya MechnikovD.Dmitri IvanovskyE.Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek2.Without which structures, bacteria cannot carry out their activities?A.CapsuleB.SporsC.Volutine granulesD.NucleoidE.Flagella3.What structure determines the shape of a bacterial cell?A.Cytoplasmic membraneB.CapsidC.CapsuleD.SporeE.Cell wall4.Bacteria as a unicellular microbes, that are without a nuclear membrane,belong to which Kingdoms?A.EukaryotesB.PrionesC.ProkaryotesD.VirusesE.Fungi5. What is the significant structural component of a bacterial cell?A. CapsuleB. FlagellaC. SporeD. Cell wallE. Volutine granules6. From what structural element of bacteria does Gram stain depend on?A. Structure of plasma membraneB.Сomposition of cytoplasmeC. Structure of cell wallD. Arraignment of nucleoidE.Сomposition of Volutine granules7. The structure of what morphological components determines Gram staining?lOMoARcPSD|13778330

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A. CytoplasmB. CapsuleC. Cell wallD. Plasma membraneE. Volutine granules8. Which step or dye does not use in Gram staining?A. Alcohol discolorationB. Fuchsin redC. Crystal violetD. Heating over the spirit lampE. Iodine solution9. What is the reason for the acid fastness of bacteria?A. Presence of carbohydratesB. Presence of glycogenC. Presence of proteinsD. Presence of lipidsE. Presence of peptidoglycan10. What is the difference of cell wall structure between gram positive and gramnegative bacteria?A. One layer of peptidoglycanB. LipopolysaccharideC. Teichoic acidsD. MitochondriaE. Mesosomes11. What types of nutrition do have pathogenic bacteria?A. MetatrophsB. AutotrophsC. ParatrophsD. HeterotrophsE. Auxotrophs12. What mechanism is carried out with the active transport of nutrients into thecell?A. Without cleavage of the substrateB. None of listed bellowC. Without energy costsD. By concentration of gradientE. Against a concentration gradient13. What is sterilization method completely destroys microbes in the material?A. AutoclavingB. PasteurizationC. FiltrationD. TindalizationE. Drying14. Which structure does determine the ability of bacteria to attach to the surface ofhost cells?lOMoARcPSD|13778330

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A. Cell wallB. MesosomesC. FimbriaD. FlagellaE. Plasma membrane15.What is the function of nucleoid?A. To keep the shape of bacteriaB. To keep osmotic pressureC. To keep hereditary informationD To keep cell’s metabolismE. To keep protein synthesis16.What is the function of cell wall?A. FormativeB. Spore-formingC. Capsule-formingD. Enzyme-formingE. Energy-generating17.What is the importance of chemical composition of the cell wall?A. Protein Synthesizing SystemB. Contains ribosomes for protein synthesisC. This structure is the same for all bacteriaD. Keeps hereditary informationE. It is responsible for Gram staining18. What is the function of cytoplasmic membrane in bacteria?A. Gives shape to cellsB. Involved in the transport of substancesC. Participates in protein synthesisD. Causes cell sensitization.E. Causes cell chemotaxis19.Which is always present in bacteria ?A. Cell wallB. Cytoplasmic membraneC. MitochondriaD. NucleoliE. Volutin granules20.Teichoic acids:A. Are found in the walls of many gram-positive bacteriaB. Make up the outer wall of bacterialOMoARcPSD|13778330

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C. Provide receptors for phagesD. Influence the permeability of membraneE. All are true21.Mesosomes in bacteria are functional unit for :A.Lipid storageB.Protein synthesisC.Respiratory enzymesD.NoneE. All22.Essential structures for bacteria:A. CapsuleB. SporesC. Volutin granulesD. NucleoidE. Flagella23.The presence of the cell wall is determined by:A. Fluorescent microscopyB. The “crushed drop” methodC. By the “thick drop”methodD. UltracentrifugationE. Plasmolite24.The shape of the bacterial cell is determined by the structure:A. Cytoplasmic membraneB. CapsidC. CapsulesD. SporesE. Cell wall25.Bacteria refer to:A. EukaryotesB. PrionslOMoARcPSD|13778330

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C. ProkaryotesD. All threeE. None of them26.A prokaryotic cell has:A. Golgi ApparatusB. MitochondriaC. Morphologically formed coreD. MesosomesE. Nuclear membrane27.The morphology of the bacteria is studied:A. Dry Microscope SystemB. In unpainted preparationsC. Immersion microscopyD. With a small increaseE. None of the above28.Essential structural component of the bacterial cell:A. CapsuleB. FlagellaC. SporesD. Cell wallE. Volutin granules29.Gram stain depends on:A. Structures of the cytoplasmic membraneB. The composition of the cytoplasmC. Cell wall structuresD. Core LocationsE. From all listed signs30.What are the morphological structures of bacteria cause gram stain ?A. CytoplasmlOMoARcPSD|13778330

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B. CapsuleC. Cell wallD. Cytoplasmic membraneE. Volutin granule31.The acid resistance of the microbial cell is associated with the presence of alarge number:A. CarbohydrateB. GlycogenC. ProteinD. LipidsE. Tryptophan32.The cell wall of gram-positive bacteria contains:A. Monolayer PeptidoglycanB. LipopolysaccharideC. Teichoic AcidsD. MitochondriaE. Mesosomes33.The cell wall of gram-negative microbes contains:A. Multilayer peptidoglycanB. Volutin granuleC. LipopolysaccharideD. MesosomesE. Teichoic Acids34.Microorganisms lose the cell wall under the action of:A. BacteriophageB. InterferonC. ImmunoglobulinD. LysozymeE. NucleaseslOMoARcPSD|13778330

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35.A terminal spore resembling a drumstick is characteristic of:A. Cl. perfringensB. Cl. novyiC. Cl. tetaniD. Cl. botulinumE. Cl. septicum36.Spiral forms have:A. ChlamydiaB. BorreliaC. CocciD. BacteriaE. Mycoplasma37.Spore-forming microorganisms of a spindle-shaped form are called:A. BacilliB. BacteriaC. BipolarD. ClostridiaE. Rickettsia38.Which one of the following bacteria is cell wall deficient?A. Escherichia coliB. MycoplasmaC. Salmonella typhiD. Treponema pallidumE. Clostridium botulinum39.About Volutine granule is true except:A. Available from Corynebacterium diphtheriaB. Participate in sporulationC. Storage of nutrientslOMoARcPSD|13778330

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D. Composition - polyphosphateE. For tinctorial properties - metachromatic40.Volutin granule according to the author are:A. LipshaB. Babes-ErnstC. Babesha-NegriD. PashenaE. Guarnieri41.Generation time of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is about?A. 20 secondsB. 20 minutesC. 20 hoursD. 20 daysE. 2 weeks42.Active transport of nutrients into the cell goes:A. Without splitting the substrateB. None of the aboveC. Without energyD. By concentration gradientE. Against concentration gradient43.Antigenic and biochemical properties of bacteria help determine:A. Morphology of microorganismsB. Species and intraspecific differencesC. Antibiotic SensitivityD. PhagolabilityE. Tinctorial properties44.Prokaryotes are characterized by the presence of:A. Separated corelOMoARcPSD|13778330

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B. Disjunctive reproductionC. Nuclear membraneD. MitochondriaE. Cytoplasmic membrane45.The nucleoid of bacteria:A. CompactB. Has a nuclear envelopeC. Is a plasmidD. Double stranded circular DNAE. Single-stranded RNA46.The function of the nucleoid:A.Synthesis of proteinsB. Regulation of osmotic pressureC. Preservation of hereditary informationD. Energetic cell metabolismE. Production of pathogenicity factors47.Cell wall function:A. Gives bacteria a specific shapeB. Does not contain peptidoglycan.C. Participates in the synthesis of vitaminsD. Is vital structureE. Participates in oxygenic processes48.Bacteria cell wall:A. Is a protein synthesis system of the cellB. Contains ribosomes for protein synthesisC. Structure and chemical composition is the same for all bacteria.D. Saves Genetic InformationE . Causes the relation to coloring across49.Structures required for L-forms of bacteria:lOMoARcPSD|13778330

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A. Cell wallB. FlagellaC. CapsuleD. Cytoplasmic membraneE . Plasmids50.Bacteria without a cell wall:A. RickettsiaB. SpirochetesC. ActinomycetesD. ChlamydiaE. Mycoplasma51.Bean-shaped diplococci belong to the genus:A. MycobacteriumB. TreponemC. NeisseriaD. ChlamydiaE. Leptospira52.Lipopolysaccharides contained in the cell wall of bacteria are:A. ExotoxinsB. EndotoxinsC. EnzymesD. ElectrolytesE. Products of metabolism53.Lipopolysaccharide cell wall:A. Does not possess antigenic and toxic propertiesB. Gives stiffness and elasticity.C. Activates the complementD. Is a strong immunogenicE. Contained in gram-positive bacterialOMoARcPSD|13778330

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54.The cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria:A. Defines cell shapeB. Participates in the transport of substancesC. Is a protein synthesizing systemD. Causes cell sensitizationE. Is a chemotaxis factor55.The cytoplasmic membrane is:A. Peptidoglycan consisting of parallel polysaccharide chainsB. The pronounced mucous layer covering the cell wallC. Double phospholipid layer permeated with globulinsD. Inhibitor of bacterial cell wall synthesisE. Complex nucleoprotein56.The value of the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria:A. Has selective permeabilityB. Stores the hereditary information of the bacterial cellC. Participates in conjugationD. Limits the coreE. Regulates the immune response57.Bacterial cytoplasm:A. Consists of mitochondriaB. Contains differentiated coreC. It is a complex colloidal system.D. Does not contain ribosomesE. Enhances virulence58.Bacterial mesosomes:A. Participate in cell divisionB. Derived cell wallC. Not bound to nucleoidD. Are equivalent of nucleusE. Strengthen biochemical activitylOMoARcPSD|13778330

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59.The role of the capsule in the functioning of bacteria:A. Is a required structural component of the cellB. Is not strengthening virulenceC. Activate phagocytosisD. Is an osmotic barrierE. Strengthen the protective factors of the microorganism60.The bacterial capsule is characterized by:A. Easy to stainB. High lipid contentC. Antigen specificityD. Acid ResistanceE. Oncogenicity61.The conditions stimulating the capsulation of bacteria is their growth in:A. In an animal organismB. On blood agarC. On synthetic mediumD. On a high carbohydrate environmentE. At low temperatures62.The bacterial capsule is detected:A. In a phase contrast microscopeB. Staining by AlbertC. Staining by Indian inkD. Fluorescent microscopyE. In the experience of plasmolysis cells63.Capsules in the body are formed by pathogens:A. TuberculosisB. Typhus feverC. AnthraxlOMoARcPSD|13778330

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D.DysenteryE. Leprosy64.Constantly (in the body and in the external environment) pathogens form acapsule:A. Gas gangreneB. Typhoid feverC. RhinoscleromaD. CholeraE. Diphtheria65.Flagella of bacteria:A. Participate in multiplicationB. Are antigensC. cause bipolar colorationD. Serve to preserve the species.E. Consist of carbohydrates66.The mobility of bacteria is determined by:A. Polymerase reactionB. In the hanging drop preparationC.Luminescent microscopyD. Coloring method by Indian inkE.Gram staining67.The motility of bacteria is provided by:A. Reduced cell wallB. Rotation of flagellaC. Fimbrias (pili)D. enzyme activityE. None of the above68.Pili cause:A. MotilitylOMoARcPSD|13778330

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B. TransformationC. ConjugationD. TranscriptionE. Replication69.Peritrich flagella are characteristic of pathogens:A. CholeraB. TuberculosisC. Typhoid feverD. DysenteryE. Diphtheria70.Sporulation occurs under the following conditions:A. Favorable external environmentB. RadiationC. Internal body environmentD.High osmotic pressureE. Stay in the soil71.Microbial spores are important for:A. MultiplicationB. AmplificationC. Preservation of speciesD. Participation in the metabolismE. Hybridization72.Spores can form the following forms of microbes:A. SpirilsB. All rod shape bacteriaC. Some types of rod-shapedD. CocciE. Filamentary73.Have the ability to spore-forming:lOMoARcPSD|13778330

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A. The simplestB. BacteriaC. KlebsiellaD. BacilliE.Rickettsia74.The high stability of the spore is due to:A. The composition of the nucleoidB. Structure and chemical composition of the shellC. Increased potassium concentrationD. High free waterE. Glycogen content75.Spores form pathogens:A. DiphtheriaB. Typhus feverC. TetanusD. LeprosyE. Gonorrhea76.The value of volutin granules:A. Protection against adverse factorsB. Preservation of cell shapeC. Storage of nutrientsD. Participation in reproductionE. Preservation of the species77.Albert staining is used to identify:A. SporesB. FlagellaC. Nuclear substanceD. CapsulesE. Granules of volutin78.Albert staining we use:lOMoARcPSD|13778330

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