Test Bank For Microbiology With Diseases By Taxonomy, 3rd Edition

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INSTRUCTOR'S MANUAL /TEST BANKMicrobiologywith Diseases by TaxonomyThird EditionRobert W. Bauman, Ph.D.Amarillo CollegeContributors:Nichol Dolby, Ph.D.Amarillo CollegeLori Smith, Ph.D.American River CollegeRandall K. Harris, Ph.D.William Carey College

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iiiPrefacevInstructor’s ManualChapter SummariesChapter 1A Brief History of Microbiology1Chapter 2The Chemistry of Microbiology6Chapter 3Cell Structure and Function12Chapter 4Microscopy, Staining, and Classification20Chapter 5Microbial Metabolism25Chapter 6Microbial Nutrition and Growth31Chapter 7Microbial Genetics37Chapter 8Recombinant DNA Technology43Chapter 9Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment48Chapter 10Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs55Chapter 11Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes60Chapter 12Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes65Chapter 13Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions73Chapter 14Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology68Chapter 15Innate Immunity79Chapter 16Adaptive Immunity85Chapter 17Immunization and Immune Testing90Chapter 18Immune Disorders97Chapter 19Pathogenic Gram-Positive Bacteria107Chapter 20Pathogenic Gram-Negative Cocci and Bacilli117Chapter 21Rickettsias, Chlamydias, Spirochetes, and Vibrios123Chapter 22Pathogenic Fungi129Chapter 23Parasitic Protozoa, Helminths, and Arthropod Vectors136Chapter 24Pathogenic DNA Viruses143Chapter 25Pathogenic RNA Viruses149Chapter 26Applied and Environmental Microbiology157Answers to In-Chapter Critical Thinking Questions164Answers to Clinical Case Studies204Answers to End-of-Chapter Questions212Contents

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Test BankChapter 1A Brief History of MicrobiologyT-1Chapter 2The Chemistry of MicrobiologyT-16Chapter 3Cell Structure and FunctionT-30Chapter 4Microscopy, Staining, and ClassificationT-45Chapter 5Microbial MetabolismT-61Chapter 6Microbial Nutrition and GrowthT-76Chapter 7Microbial GeneticsT-92Chapter 8Recombinant DNA TechnologyT-107Chapter 9Controlling Microbial Growth in the EnvironmentT-122Chapter 10Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial DrugsT-137Chapter 11Characterizing and Classifying ProkaryotesT-152Chapter 12Characterizing and Classifying EukaryotesT-166Chapter 13Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and PrionsT-180Chapter 14Infection, Infectious Diseases, and EpidemiologyT-195Chapter 15Innate ImmunityT-210Chapter 16Adaptive ImmunityT-225Chapter 17Immunization and Immune TestingT-240Chapter 18Immune DisordersT-255Chapter 19Pathogenic Gram-Positive BacteriaT-270Chapter 20Pathogenic Gram-Negative Cocci and BacilliT-286Chapter 21Rickettsias, Chlamydias, Spirochetes, and VibriosT-301Chapter 22Pathogenic FungiT-317Chapter 23Parasitic Protozoa, Helminths, and Arthropod VectorsT-332Chapter 24Pathogenic DNA VirusesT-347Chapter 25Pathogenic RNA VirusesT-362Chapter 26Applied and Environmental MicrobiologyT-378ivInstructor’s Manual/Test Bank forMicrobiology

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vThis volume contains the Instructor’s Manual and Test Bank accompanyingMicro-biology with Diseases by Taxonomy,Third Edition, by Robert W. Bauman.The Instructor’s Manual is organized into these sections for every chapter:• Chapter Outline• Detailed Chapter Summary• Answers to In-Chapter Critical Thinking Questions• Answers to Clinical Case Studies• Answers to End-of-Chapter QuestionsThe Test Bank consists of approximately 1800 multiple-choice, matching,true/false, fill-in-the-blank, short-answer, and essay questions, each tagged with acorresponding section title from the textbook as well as with a Bloom’s taxonomyranking (Knowledge, Comprehension, Application, or Analysis).Below is a list of media resources available to you as an adopter ofMicrobiologywith Diseases by Taxonomy. Contact your local Pearson representative if youwould like to order any additional supplements. To locate the representative near-est you, visitwww.pearsonhighered.com/replocatoror call 1-800-922-0579.Using MasteringMicrobiology™ with Your TextbookAsk your Pearson representative for a demonstration of MasteringMicrobiology ortake a tour (www.masteringmicrobiology.com).1.Assign and assess with MasteringMicrobiology. MasteringMicrobiology will helpyou maximize class time with customizable, easy-to-assign, and automaticallygraded assessments. Many assessments have built-in feedback to help guideyour students to the correct answer. You can then easily export grades to acourse management system or spreadsheet. MasteringMicrobiology includesthe following powerful online tools:•Pre-lecture reading quizzesto make sure your students read the textbookbefore coming to class•Post-lecture quizzesto check students’ understanding•MicroFlix™ and BioFlix™ quizzes and activitiesto give students practicewith 3-D movie-quality animations•Microbe Reviewsto help students identify some of the microbes in eachchapter•Microbiology Animation quizzesto ensure students have mastered thetoughest topics in microbiology•Pre-lab quizzesto better prepare students for lab•Post-lab quizzesto check that your lab objectives were met•Get Ready for Microbiology quizzesto enable your students to come to yourcourse preparedPreface

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•Test Bank itemsto test every chapter sectionA list of MicroFlix and BioFlix topics follows, organized by chapter:ChapterMicroFlix Title5Metabolism7DNA Replication16ImmunologyChapterBioFlix Title3Tour of an Animal Cell7Protein Synthesis12Mitosis12MeiosisA list of Microbiology Animation topics follows, organized by chapter:ChapterMicrobiology Animation Title3Motility3Flagella: Structure3Flagella: Movement3Flagella: Arrangement3Spirochetes3Membrane Structure3Membrane Permeability3Passive Transport: Principles of Diffusion3Passive Transport: Special Types of Diffusion3Active Transport: Overview3Active Transport: Types4Microscopy and Staining: Overview4Light Microscopy4Electron Microscopy4Staining4Dichotomous Keys: Overview4Dichotomous Keys: Sample with Flowchart4Dichotomous Keys: Practice5Metabolism: Overview5Oxidation-Reduction Reactions5Enzymes: Overview5Enzyme: Steps in a Reaction5Enzymes: Competitive Inhibition5Enzymes: Non-competitive Inhibition5Glycolysis: Overview5Glycolysis: Steps5Fermentation5Krebs Cycle: Overview5Krebs Cycle: Steps5Electron Transport Chain: Overview5Electron Transport Chain: The Process5Electron Transport Chain: Factors Affecting ATP YieldviInstructor’s Manual/Test Bank forMicrobiology

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ChapterMicrobiology Animation Title5Photosynthesis: Overview5Photosynthesis: Comparing Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes5Photosynthesis: Light Reaction: Cyclic Photophosphorylation5Photosynthesis: Light Reaction: Noncyclic Photophosphorylation5Photosynthesis: Light Independent Reaction5Metabolism: Big Picture6Bacterial Growth: Overview6Bacterial Growth Curve6Binary Fission7DNA Replication: Overview7DNA Replication: Forming the Replication Fork7DNA Replication: Replication Proteins7DNA Replication: Synthesis7Mutagens7Mutations: Types7Mutations: Repair7Transcription: Overview7Transcription: The Process7Translation: Overview7Translation: Genetic Code7Translation: The Process7Operons: Overview7Operons: Induction7Operons: Repression7Horizontal Gene Transfer: Overview7Transformation7Transduction: Generalized Transduction7Transduction: Specialized Transduction7Conjugation: Overview7Conjugation: F Factor7Conjugation: Hfr Conjugation7Conjugation: Chromosome Mapping7Transposons: Overview7Transposons: Insertion Sequences7Transposons: Complex Transposons8PCR: Polymerase Chain Reaction: Overview8PCR: Components8PCR: The Process8Recombinant DNA Technology10Chemotherapeutic Agents: Modes of Action10Antibiotic Resistance: Origins of Resistance10Antibiotic Resistance: Forms of Resistance13Prions: Overview13Prions: Characteristics13Prions: Diseases13Viral Replication Overview13Viral Replication: Virulent Bacteriophages13Viral Replication: Temperate Bacteriophages13Viral Replication: Animal VirusesPrefacevii

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ChapterMicrobiology Animation Title14Epidemiology: Occurrence of Disease14Epidemiology: Overview14Epidemiology: Transmission of Disease14Virulence Factors: Exotoxins14Virulence Factors: Endotoxins14Virulence Factors: Penetrating Host Tissues14Virulence Factors: Hiding from Host Defenses14Virulence Factors: Inactivating Host Defenses14Virulence Factors: Enteric Pathogens14Nosocomial Infections: Overview14Nosocomial Infections: Prevention15Host Defenses: Overview15Inflammation: Overview15Inflammation: Steps15Phagocytosis: Overview15Phagocytosis: Mechanism15Phagocytosis: Microbes that Evade it15Complement System: Overview15Complement System: Activation15Complement System: Results16Antigen Processing and Presentation: Overview16Antigen Processing and Presentation: Steps16Antigen Processing and Presentation: MHC16Humoral Immunity: Overview16Humoral Immunity: Clonal Selection and Expansion16Humoral Immunity: Antibody Function16Humoral Immunity: Primary Immune Response16Humoral Immunity: Secondary Immune Response16Cell-Mediated Immunity: Overview16Cell-Mediated Immunity: Helper T Cells16Cell-Mediated Immunity: Cytotoxic T Cells16Host Defenses: The Big Picture17Vaccines: Function17Vaccines: Types2.Encourage your students to use the Study Area in MasteringMicrobiology.They’ll find extensive self-study tools there, including:•Three-Step Chapter Guidethat takes students through these simple steps:Pre-Test, Learn & Practice, and Test Yourself•Get Ready for Microbiologythat helps students quickly prepare for theirmicrobiology course, featuring pre- and post-tests with instant feedback,personalized study plans, animations, activities, tutorials, and an eTextwith live links•Chapter Pre-Teststo help students assess prior knowledge and/or pre-conceptions of topics relevant to the chapter at hand before students readthe chapter•Chapter Post-Teststo help students assess their comprehension of the chap-ter after they have read itviiiInstructor’s Manual/Test Bank forMicrobiology

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•Practice Quizzes—multiple choice, fill-in-the-blank, and true/false—to helpstudents master chapter topics•Concept Mapsto help students practice building maps to organize con-cepts in a meaningful, visual way•Microbe Reviewsthat feature full-color micrographs from the textbookand allow students to review the characteristics of individual microbes•MicroFlix3-D movie-quality animations on the three tough topics of metab-olism, DNA replication, and immunology•BioFlix3-D movie-quality animations on basic topics in general biology•Microbiology Animations with Quizzesto help students master the tough-est topics in microbiology, via interactive, animated tutorials•Microbiology Videosfeaturing live-action videos of microorganisms, illus-trating microbial structures and motility•MP3 Tutor Sessionsmini-lectures on tough topics, including audio quizzes,that students can download for study on the go•Flashcardsto help students review key terms and concepts from the text•Glossaryallowing students to check the definition of bolded terms in thebook•Micro on the Webincluding relevant microbiology websites with RSS Feedsfrom WHO Disease Outbreak Tracking, CDC Morbidity and MortalityWeekly Report, and Microbe World•Emerging Diseaseslinks to allow students to follow current information onemerging diseases.•Careers,providing useful information about working in a microbiology-related field; basic research, applied research, and health professions arecovered•Scientific American Quizzesto help students check their understandingof articles in theCurrent Issues in Microbiologymagazine by ScientificAmerican.•Pearson eTextthat provides the complete text ofMicrobiology with Diseasesby Taxonomy, Third Edition,in online electronic formatOther Instructor Media ResourcesInstructor Resource DVD/CD-ROM0-321-67737-4The Instructor Resource DVD/CD-ROM offers a wealth of instructor mediaresources, including presentation art, lecture outlines, test items, and answer keys—all in one convenient location. These resources help instructors prepare for class—and create dynamic lectures—in half the time! The IRDVD/CD-ROM includes:• All figures from the book with and without labels in both JPEG and PowerPoint®formats• All figures from the book with the Label Edit feature in PowerPoint format• Select “process” figures from the book with the Step Edit feature in Power-Point format• All tables from the book• MicroFlix™ and BioFlix™ Animations, Microbiology Animations, and Micro-biology VideosPrefaceix

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• PowerPoint lecture outlines, including figures and tables from the book and linksto the animations• PRS-enabled Active Lecture Clicker Questions• PRS-enabled Quiz Show Clicker Questions• PDF files of Transparency Acetate masters• The Instructor’s Manual as editable Microsoft®Word files• The Test Bank as editable Microsoft®Word files• The Test Bank in TestGen®formatAll materials available on the Instructor Resource DVD/CD-ROM are also avail-able in the Instructor Resources area of MasteringMicrobiology. For more infor-mation about MasteringMicrobiology, see page v.Biological Agents of Disease/HIV Slide Set for Microbiology0-8053-7671-2This slide set contains 100 clinical photos of microorganisms and pathologies, allfrom sources other than the text.CourseCompass™0-321-67811-7 (Student Access Kit 0-321-68272-6)CourseCompass is a nationally hosted online course management system thatoffers pre-loaded, book-specific content including testing and assessment, weblinks,illustrations, and photos. Visitwww.coursecompass.comfor a demonstration andmore information about CourseCompass.Blackboard and WebCTPre-loaded book-specific content and test items files accompanying the text areavailable in open-access Blackboard and open-access WebCT formats. Contactyour local Pearson sales representative for more information.Updates to the Third EditionThe third edition ofMicrobiology with Diseases by Taxonomyhas been exten-sively revised to present the most up-to-date coverage possible. Below is a list ofnewandupdatedcontent, boxes, figures, and photos you’ll find in this edition.Chapter 1•NewNew Frontiers box: The Challenge of Emerging and Re-Emerging DiseasesChapter 2• Coverage of newly discovered 21st and 22nd amino acids has been added.•NewHighlight box: Architecture-Preserving BacteriaChapter 3• Coverage of endospores has been added.• Discussion of eukaryotic flagella and cilia has been reorganized to emphasizethat these structures are internal to the cytoplasmic membrane.• Coverage has been added of new discoveries concerning cell structure andfunction. Two examples follow:1. Some prokaryotic cytoskeletons are contractile, allowing nonflagellatedcells that possess them to be motile.2. The cytoplasmic membrane is not uniform and fluid, but rather containsregions with unique lipid and protein molecules called “lipid rafts.”xInstructor’s Manual/Test Bank forMicrobiology

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Chapter 4•NewApplying Molecular Techniques box: Studying Biofilms on StromatolitesChapter 5•Newart to illustrate relationships of catabolism, anabolism, ATP-ADP energycycle, use of nutrients, precursor metabolites, and macromolecules.• Rearranged alternatives to Embden-Meyerhof glycolysis for greater clarity andbetter pedagogy• Clarified definitions of aerobic respiration versus anaerobic respiration versusfermentation in text, figures, and critical thinking questions• Upgraded nineteen figures for greater clarity and better pedagogy• Simplified longer figure legends, at request of reviewers• Added critical thinking question regarding photsynthesis• New “Beneficial Microbes” box on gold-mining bacteriaChapter 6• Presents new hyperthermophile record holder,Geogemma, formerly calledstrain 121•NewApplying Molecular Techniques box: Hydrogen-Loving Microbes in Yel-lowstone’s Hot Springs•NewNew Frontiers box: A Nuclear-Waste-Eating Microbe?Chapter 7• Text has been updated and rewritten to better distinguish bacterial geneticsand eukaryotic genetics.• Includes new research indicating that sigma factor of RNA polymerase does notnecessarily disengage during transcription• Covers newly discovered codons for 21st and 22nd amino acids• Covers actions of topoisomerase and gyrase• Artwork has been updated to reflect changes in our understanding of molecu-lar biology. For example, where possible, enzyme shapes are based upon actual3-D profiles as revealed by X-ray crystallography.• Coverage has been added of quorum sensing as it relates to genetic control ininfection.• Coverage has been added of regulation of genetic expression—antisense RNA,RNA interference (RNAi), riboswitches.• The overwhelming nature of horizontal gene transfer among prokaryotes isdiscussed.•NewApplying Molecular Techniques box: Could Studying a Bacterial GenomeResult in New Treatments for Acne?•NewApplying Molecular Techniques box: RNA InterferenceChapter 8• Added coverage of using recombinant DNA technology to produce antisensenucleic acid molecules• Added coverage of DNA microarrays• Added coverage of new recombinant crops, including potato-blight resistantpotatoes• Three new figures•NewApplying Molecular Techniques box: Unlocking the Secrets ofCandidaalbicansPrefacexi

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•NewApplying Molecular Techniques box: Could Bacteria Help DecaffeinateCoffee?Chapter 10• Added discussion of use of RNA interference (RNAi) and antisense nucleicacid as antimicrobial therapy• Figure 10.3 has been revised• Updated and revised tables of antimicrobials•NewApplying Molecular Techniques box: Monoclonal Antibodies to the Rescue?Chapter 11•Newphotos of bacteria and Archaea• Coverage of new hyperthermophile record holder—Geogemma(“strain 121”)•NewHighlight box: From Cyanobacteria to Bats to Brain Disease?•NewHighlight box:Streptomycesand the European BeewolfChapter 12• Updated algal, fungal, protozoan, water mold, and slime mold taxonomy•Newphotos for fungal hyphae and for dimorphic fungi•Newfungal life cycle artwork to more clearly delineate nuclear states• Clarified cyst-trophozoite conversion for intestinal protozoaChapter 13• Updated viral nomenclature to correspond to changes approved by the Inter-national Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses; for example, herpes simplexviruses are officially known ashuman herpesvirus 1and2•NewTEMs of viruses•NewNew Frontiers box: The Threat of Avian InfluenzaChapter 14• Incidence and prevalence figure redrawn to reflect actual AIDS data in theUnited StatesChapter 15• Revised to clarify the structures and processes of innate immunity, including cov-erage of toll-like receptors, antimicrobial peptides, neutrophil extracellulartraps (NETs)• Includes latest discoveries in iron usage among pathogenic bacteria• Clarified artwork and discussion of pathways of complement activation• Clarified that cells and fluid move from venules during dilation and inflammationChapter 16• Updated coverage of adaptive immunity to reflect new discoveries and enhanceaccuracy and clarity; for example, added coverage of direct killing of bacteriaby antibodies via ozone production•NewApplying Molecular Techniques box: How do Viruses Thwart the ImmuneSystem?Chapter 17• Updated vaccination schedules and incidence of preventable diseases in theUnited StatesChapter 19•NewHighlight box: Botulism in AlaskaxiiInstructor’s Manual/Test Bank forMicrobiology

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•NewMicrobe-at-a-Glance features onStaphylococcus aureusandClostridi-um botulinumChapter 20• Added coverage ofBurkholderia,which is a major pathogen in cystic fibrosispatients and can be an important agent in the bioremediation of many long-livedorganic contaminants•NewHighlight box: The Mystery of Tularemia on Martha’s Vineyard•NewMicrobe-at-a-Glance features onNeisseria gonorrhoeaandEscherichia coliChapter 21•NewMicrobe-at-a-Glance features onTreponema pallidum pallidumandHeli-cobacter pyloriChapter 22•NewMicrobe-at-a-Glance features onAspergillusandGiardia intestinalisChapter 23• Updated treatment and prevention of parasitic diseases, including use of the anti-malarial drug artemisinin• Vectors in life cycle drawings are now life size.• Updated the malaria map•NewHighlight box: Baghdad Boil•NewHighlight box: Snail Fever Returns to China•NewMicrobe-at-a-Glance features onGiardia intestinalisandPlasmodiumfalciparumChapter 24• Updated incidence, treatment, and prevention for DNA viral diseases•NewHighlight box: Monkeypox•NewMicrobe-at-a-Glance features on smallpox and adenovirusChapter 25• Updated coverage of SARS, West Nile encephalitis, rotaviral diarrhea, AIDS, andMarburg hemorrhagic fever• Updated incidence, treatment, and prevention for RNA viral diseases•NewApplying Molecular Techniques box: Sequencing the SARS Virus•NewHighlight box: AIDS and Tuberculosis•NewMicrobe-at-a-Glance features on HIV and influenzavirusChapter 26• Added anammox reactions to nitrogen cycleSend Us Your FeedbackWe hope that you find the Instructor’s Manual and Test Bank useful, and we wel-come your comments and feedback! Please write to us at the following address:Robert W. Baumanc/o Applied SciencesPearson Benjamin Cummings1301 Sansome StreetSan Francisco, CA 94111Prefacexiii

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