NTC/409 Global Network Architecture and Design

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Running head: STANDARDS1NTC/409 GLOBAL NETWORK ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGNWEEK 1DQ 1As a network architect, you will be responsible for the logical and physical design of thenetwork. Describe the differences between logical design and physical design. Howdoes creating the logical design help the architect with the physical design?How the data flows through the network from one device to the next, is the logicaldesign. It does not specify the technologies or standards to use unless there is arequirement needed in the network design. It focuses on the needs of the network, suchas high speed access and considers things such as network growth and usage, cost, IPaddress blocks, and security. The actual interfaces and physical cables are not shownon the logical design diagrams, which gives us the true meaning of the term logical. Thefoundation for security which provides the framework stages needed for security isprovided by a good logical design. Scalable security services should involve theservers, routers, switches, workstations and other devices on each layer using thenetwork. The logical design provides information which will help capture, configure, andmanage the complex essential parts that control the performance and capabilities of thenetwork. Physical network design is the physical way the computers are set up andconnected to the network including a diagram of the actual way the network will look.The actual layout of the physical part of the network includes the cables, hubs, routers,and switches, and workstations, and segments and host that appear on the actuallayout. How they are presented, is the difference between logical and physical design ofa network. The logical design is the one that shows the data flow, and the physicaldesign shows the devices, and connections of the network. The same network isdefined by the logical and physical networks working together.Fitzgerald, J., Dennis, A., & Durcikova, A. (2012).Business Data Communications andNetworking (11th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collectiondatabase.DQ 2Describe a scenario where the traditional network design might be morefavorable than a building-block approach. What are the risks when using thetraditional network design model?Better suited for a structured environment a traditional network design isexpensive and time consuming. It is designed for a network with little traffic andonly does what it is designed to do, and takes time to develop, up to two years. Astructured systems design and analysis process is followed like used to buildapplication systems. There are four steps taken to design the network end userneeds, and applications are determined, the amount of data traffic is estimated,and circuits needed to support traffic are designed, cost estimates are obtained,

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and the network is implemented a year or two later. Because the technology ofnetworking devices, computers, and the circuits change quickly, the amount oftraffic is growing rapidly, and over the last 10 years the costs has change. Formany networks today the traditional design approach is less appropriate. Asimpler approach to network design, many organizations use is the buildingblock approach. There are three phases, needs analysis, technology design, andcost assessment. After completing the cost assessment, the design processcycle repeats through the three phases again, and each phase is refined. Until afinal design is made this cycle repeats through the three design phases.Reference:Fitzgerald, J., & Dennis, A. (2012). Business Data Communications andNetworking. (11th ed.). Indianapolis, IN: Wiley.DQ 3OPTIONAL DQ 1What are the major roles of a network manager in today’s business environment?What soft skills do you think a network manager must have?How do automated monitoring tools play a role in reducing network management costsA network manager’s job is to install and maintain the organization’s computernetwork. They have to ensure the staff is properly trained and have the skills needed toprovide technical support for the network. So if a problem comes up with the networkthe network manager will need to have a recovery plan in place to minimize the downtime to the network. Some of the soft skills that a network manager needs to have arethe ability to think quickly on their feet. This comes in handy in case the network goesdown the companies’ way of doing business may not cost them as much. They alsoneed to be able to manage people properly, so the best people are in the best positionto help avoid problems. If problems do, occur the right person will be available to helpminimize the down time to the network. Network management cost is reduced byautomating and distributing decision making processes using automated monitoringtools. The use of network resources is optimized, and reliability of services is improvedwhile decreasing downtime, which cuts management cost. This makes it possible fornetwork operators to focus more on business logic and less on low level deviceconfiguration.

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INDIVIDUALWK 1Switches, Routers, and GatewaysWEEK 2 DQ 1How does QoS play a role in integrated networks that have bothvoice and datatraffic in a LAN and in a WAN?What are some other strategies that canbe implemented to reduce latency issues with voice data?Quality of service (QoS) is the ability of a network to provide better service toselected network traffic, on an integrated network. The quality of the service needs to beat an equal level to provide a practical alternative to a public switch telephone network(PTSN). Voice traffic is sensitive to bandwidth issues and will cause problems if thereare delays in the packets this is known as a jitter. To prevent jitter, less than 150millisecond transmission times, is recommended. Voice packets must be given highpriority for signaling and audio channels, over other network traffic for VoIP to guaranteehigh-quality transmission. It is important to ensure that when priority is provided for oneor more flows it does not make other flows fail. To reduce latency issues, there must beenough bandwidth to support voice and data. Creating classifications and set up voicein a separate VLAN to avoid network congestion with the data. It is easier to classifythe data by creating a VLAN for voice, and it will reduce network congestion. A way toreduce latency on the network with voice is by having fixed size cells. By allowingpackets to flow smoothly among the network without any delay in the packet being sentor received latency, will be reduced. A lost packet will cause an issue with the quality ofthe voice that is being sent and received.Cisco. (n.d.). Quality of Service for Voice over IP. Retrieved fromhttp://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios/solutions_docs/qos_solutions/QoSVoIP/QoSVoIP.htmlDQ 2Explain the difference between analog and digital transmissions.What are some issues that analog signals might have that are solved by using digitaltransmissions?What requirements might you see with analog signals that are not relevant to digitalsignals?

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Analog format is information transmitted by modulating a continuous transmissionsignal. Computers require modems to transmit signals over communication lines, suchas telephone lines that carry analog signals to turn signals from digital analog. Thesignals must be turned back into digital form at the receiving end. A continuous signalthat varies in amplitude, phase, or another property in proportion to an attribute of avariable is used by analog signals. The transmission of data is a signal used every dayin the form of cellular devices, music, power lines, and telephones, which also meansusing antennas, satellites, and wires. In analog waves, things like air conditioners,fluorescent lights, and magnetic fields can add noise as the waves travel across a wire.This noise is electrical or electromagnetic energy, and it degrades the signal. There aredevices that can transform analog signal to digital and back, most methods to do thisare inaccurate. An exact transfer of data over a point to multipoint or point to pointtransmission standard such as optical fibers, copper wires, storage media, or wirelesscommunications media, is a digital transmission. Transferred data is represented as anelectro-magnetic signal, such as a microwave, and messages are transferred discretely.A digital modulation method is how they are always represented. Digital signals arediscrete waveforms and analog signals are not. Because the signal is uniform and notaltered in amplitude, or shape it is an advantage of digital over analog.Rodriguez, E. (2012). Analog Devices. Retrieved from http://www.skullbox.net/dva.phpWK 2IndividualForecasting and Monitoring Tools PaperSwitches, Routers, and GatewaysA switch is sometimes known as a switching hub, and it works at layer 2 of the OSImodel it uses either the same cable or a different cable. They are used to connectdevices together on a computer network. A switch will only send messages to devicesthat need it or sends it a request rather than broadcasting the message out of its portslike a hub. A router is very similar to a switch except it works on the network layer 3. Arouter connects a local network to other local networks. A router uses a feature thatchooses the best route between networks. The router does this by knowing its location,so the packets find their destination. The best possible route is identified using a routingtable that maintains the available routes and their conditions. It also performs othercritical functions for efficient network operation. To connect to a DSL or cable modemfor broadband Internet service routers have a WAN Port. A LAN can easily be createdby users using the integrated switch. Gateways are more complex thanrouters orswitches, and like a router it operates on the network layer but, gateways can alsooperate on the application layer. Also called protocol converters, gateways can operateat any network layer. Because it communicates using more than one protocol, agateway is more complex than a router or switch. Gateways only processmessages

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that are specifically addressed to them, so they can route the messages to theappropriate networks. Gateways use a combination of hardware and software to linktwo different types of networks by converting different protocols. Gateways translateone network layer protocol into another, open sessions between application programs,and translate data link layer protocols, overcoming both software and hardwareincompatibilities. A switch that is part of the data link layer or layer 2is Ethernetconsidered a layer 2 switch. The layer 2 switch and the layer 3 switch both operatethe same way, except the way messages are switched based on their IP address ornetwork layers address. Instead of routers both switches can be used for fastertransmission and each switch has more active ports than routers. Two or more networkcomponents are connected using routers operating on the same or different data linkprotocols but the same network protocols on the network layer. Because a routeroperates on the network link layer, the data link layer needs to be able to identify thatthe incoming messages are addressed to the routers data link layer before the messageis sent to the data link layer and processed correctly. The router builds a new data linklayer packet and processes the message and transmits it to the other network.References:Fitzgerald, J., & Dennis, A. (2012). Business Data Communications and Networking.(11th ed.). Indianapolis, IN: Wiley.Learning TeamRiordan Manufacturing WAN Project Part ICreate a 1-to 2-page project outline using outline format (roman numbers/letters) thatassigns tasks for the following assignments to each team member:Riordan Manufacturing WAN Project Part I-Team ARiordan Manufacturing Part II–Due March 10th, 2014I.Createa new project model in OPNET® OpenIT (or VISIO) for the existingRiordan manufacturingWAN. Name your new model “Team A” and replacetheXwith your team identifier.a.San Jose, CAi.MSVisio Current Network Layout ()b.Albany, GAi.MSVisio Current Network Layout ()

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c.Pontiac, MIi.MSVisio Current Network Layout ()d.Hangzhou, Chinai.MSVisio Current Network Layout ()Riordan Manufacturing WAN Project Part III–Due March 17th, 2014II.Write a 4-5 page paper based on your analysis of the existing WAN for RiordanManufacturing that describes: the existing WAN, the weaknesses in the WAN,andyour proposed upgrade to the WAN.a.Introduction()b.Network Analysis (Existing WANi.San Jose, CA ()ii.Albany, GA ()iii.Pontiac, MI ()iv.Hangzhou, China ()c.Weaknesses()d.Proposed Upgrades()e.Conclusion()Riordan Manufacturing WAN Project Part IV–Due March 24th, 2014III.Makeall appropriate changes to the WAN model for Riordan Manufacturingsubmitted in Week Three.a.San Jose, CAi.MSVisio Upgraded Network Layout ()b.Albany, GA

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i.MSVisio Upgraded Network Layout ()c.Pontiac, MIi.MSVisio Upgraded Network Layout ()d.Hangzhou, Chinai.MSVisio Upgraded Network Layout ()WEEK 3DQ 1What role do the international standards for networking play in globalization? Inyour opinion, are the proprietary versions of some of these standards used by somenetworking and telecomm vendors a good or a bad thing? Explain your answerNetworking standards are important internationally because they act as a formaldocument that establishes criteria for how processes are to be done. It is important touse the same standards for networking this allows the trade of goods to be doneregardless of location. This also allows people in any country to see and access onlinemerchants in other countries. These standards set what everyone will be able to do andhow everything should work. Standards are used for a reason, and they help with issuesthat may arise. The three types of standards the proprietary, which is the originalstandard. It was set so organizations or individuals can develop a new network basedtechnology, for their sole purpose. The main issue with this is that it is excluded from thedevelopment process. Open is available to any who wants to use it instead of theclosely-guarded secret of one organization. De-Facto is the mostcommonly usedstandard type. Because it is used constantly across several different platforms, it isaccepted by consumers and software and hardware developers. I believe it depends onthe size of the company before deciding which version would be best for them to use. Alarge company has the IT people to fix any problems to occur so the proprietary versionmay be best.DQ 2What different roles do the Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) andthe Wi-Fi Alliance play in wireless networking technologies? Why is there a need forboth organizations instead of one?Wi-Fi® is a registered trademark owned by the Wi-Fi Alliance it gives wirelessnetworking/wireless local area network (WLAN) an easy to understand name. IEEE andthe Wi-Fi Alliance are two of the associations and agencies involved in establishingstandards, rules, laws, etc. specify the policies and technology associated with wirelessnetworking devices. (IEEE) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers is a

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