NUR155 Exam 4 With Verified Questions And Answers
Drug side effects - (secondary effect) Expected and treated; may be harmless or potentially
harmful
Adverse reactions - (adverse effects) aren't expected, deadly; may justify the
discontinuation of the drug
drug toxicity - (harmful effects of a drug on an organism or tissue) too much/overdose;
ingention of a drug intended for external use or buildup of the drug in the blood because of
impaired metabolism or excretion; elderly/kids at risk, kidney/liver
Allergy (Drug) - anaphylactic reaction (occurs immediately after the drug is administered),
doesn't mean you had side effects of a drug
Drug interactions - occurs when the administration of one drug before, at the same time as,
or after another drug alters the effect of one or both drugs; contraindications, drug
compatibility
half-life - amount of time for half the med to get out of the body
onset - the time it takes for the med to start work
peak plasma level - highest level of med. PO (30-60) IV (med is done)
Trough - Right before dose (lowest amount)
Absorption - the process by which a drug passed into the bloodstream; first step in the
movement of the drug through the body
Distribution - o the transportation of a drug from its site of absorption to its site of action

Biotransformation (metabolism) - process by which a drug is converted to a less active
form, mostly takes place in the liver- products called metabolites
Excretion - the process by which metabolites and drugs are eliminated from the body
Drug classification - Prescription and OTC
Generic name or Trade/Brand name
What system is used in KY for tracking controlled substances - CASPER
Who writes medication orders? - Physicians
What developmental status's effect drug action? - pregnancy, kids (immune body systems),
older adults (decreased renal function *start low go slow*- safety tops on pill bottles
How does sex effect drug action - Males = more protein & metabolize faster; females = more
adipose tissue
How do genes effect drug action? - genetic testing
How does diet affection drug action - Absorption
Psychological factors that effect drug actions - think it won't work, won't take certain meds,
generic vs brand names
what disease effect drug action? - Cancer, circulatory issues, gut, renal, liver
how does time of administration effect drug action - some drugs have to be taken with food
or without food, or am/pm
Oral medication route - o SAFEST ROUTE/MOST CONVIENENT - does not break skin barrier
o Tablets - can be scored/crushed as long as not enteric coated
o Capsules, liquid

o Sublingual(under tongue - NITROGLYCERIN)
o Buccal(Cheek)
o Enteral - tube feed, crushed or liquid
Transdermal meds - o Applied to skin, local and maybe systemic effects
o Lotion, creams, ointments, patches
o Soap/water, gloves, pat dry and apply
o Wrap in glove and put in sharps container
o Rotate sites
Parenteral - Injected VIA -
§ Intradermal - under the epidermis (into the dermis)
§ Subcutaneous - into the subcutaneous tissue, just below the skin
§ Intramuscular - into a muscle
§ Intravenous - into a vein
What do you do when an allergic reaction occurs? - Give Benadryl permission is not required
Topical meds - o Skin/body cavity
o Eye - Lower and outer. Ointment is applied in to out
o Ear - 3+ up & back, -3 down & back
o Vagina - Need to go up by cervix
o Rectum - lube always, make sure not melted or too cold
o Nose - blow before, slow inhale
STAT means? - within 15 minutes ASAP
Single order means? - one time only
Standing order means? - there if needed in an emergency
PRN means? - as needed
What is required for a drug order to be valid? - o Full name of pt.

o Date/time written
o Name of drug
o Dosage
o Frequency
o Route
o Signature
What steps should be taken to administer drugs safely? - o Assessment - based on drug type
and drug action - BP, HR, AAO
o Suitable route - right size syringe/needle
o Med History - taken it before, allergies, any illegal drugs, herbal drugs
o Allergies
o Drug specifics - time of day? w/ or w/o meals?
o Self-administration issues - Vision, dexterity
What are the 3 checks? - o 1stcheck - Upon removal
§ Read the MAR and remove the medications from the clients drawer. Verify that the clients
name and room number match the MAR.
§ Compare the label of the medication against the MAR
§ If the dosage does not match the MAR, determine if you need to do a math calculation
§ Check the expiration date of the medication
o 2ndcheck - When preparing
§ While preparing the medication (pouring, drawing up or placing unopened package in a
medicine cup), look at the medication label and check against the MAR
o 3rdcheck - At bedside
§ Recheck the label on the container (vial, bottle or unused unit-dose medication) against
the MR before returning to its storage OR before giving the medication to the client
Med administration process - o Identify client
o Inform client
o Administer drug (after completion of 3 checks)
o Interventions as needed
o Document drug administered
o Evaluate drug response

o PRN - if PRN need to document why given and make sure it worked
What are the 5 rights - o Patient, Drug, Route, Time, Dose
o Documentation, education, refuse, asses, evaluate
How can med errors be prevented and why do they occur? - 3 checks
Drugs look/sound alike
What do you do if a med error is made? - o Asses VS & pt physical status
o Notify PCP/Charge nurse
o Incident report - NEVER put in pt chart
o Most errors can be reversed, allergic/too much is where it gets bad
Parental meds - Intradermal, SubQ, IM, IV
How do you prepare an ampule? - § A glass container usually designed to hold a single dose
of a drug
§ Once the ampule is broken, the fluid is aspirated into a syringe using a filtered needle
ALWAYS filter needle, has air in them
How do you prepare a vial - § A glass bottle with a sealed rubber cap
§ scrub the hub for 30 seconds (can use filtered needle as well)
§ air must be injected into a vial before withdrawing the medication
Reconstituting - § Technique of adding a diluent to a powdered drug usually have printed
instructions
§ read vial to know what to mix w/ (mostly use sterile water)
intradermal injection - o Given in dermis ONLY
o Use 1ML syringe (TB syringe)
o 25-27-gauge needle, ¼ - 5/8 in
o Max dose = 0.1 ML
o Bevel up, wheal needed to be successful
o Chest, scapula, forearms

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NUR155 Comprehensive Practice Exam With Answers (149 Solved Questions)

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