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NURS5315 Pathophysiology Practice Exam With Answers (186 Solved Questions)

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Nurs 5315: Adv Patho Exam 1E. Cells decrease in sizeP. Still functional; imbalance between protein synthesis and degradation. Essentiallythere is an increase in the catabolism of intracellular organelles, reducing structuralcomponents of cellPhysiologic: thymus gland in early childhoodPathological: disuse (muscle atrophy d/ decrease workload, pressure, use, blood supply,nutrition, hormonal stimulation, or nervous stimulation)-AtrophyE: cells increase in number, mitosis (cell division) must occur, size of cell does notchangePhys: increased rate ofdivision, increase in tissue mass after damage or partialresection; may be compensatory, hormonal, or pathologicPatho: abnormal proliferation of normal cells usually caused by increased hormonalstimulation (endometrial). increase of production of localgrowth factorsEx: removal of part of the liver lead to hyperplasia of hepatocytes. uterine or mammarygland enlargement during pregnancy-HyperplasiaE. Not true adaptation; Cells abnormal change in size, shape, organization (classified asmild, moderate, severe)P. caused by cell injury/irritation, characterized by disordered cell growth. aka atypicalhyperplasia or pre-cancer, a disorderly proliferationPhysiologic: N/APathologic: squamous dysplasia of cervix from HPV shows up on pap smear, breastcancer development; pap smears often show dysplastic cells of the cervix that mustundergo laser/surgical tx-DysplasiaE: reversible change, one type of cell changes to another type for survivalP: reversible; results from exposure of the cells to chronic stressors, injury, or irritation;Cancer can arise from this area, stimulus induces a reprogramming of stem cells underthe influence of cytokines and growth factorsEx: Patho: Columnar cells change to squamous cells in lungs of smoker or normalciliated epithelial cells of the bronchial linings are replaced by stratified squamousepithelial cells.; Phys: Barrett Esophagus-normal squamous cells change to columnarepithelial cells in response to reflux, aka intestinal metaplasia-MetaplasiaE. inadequate oxygenation of tissuesP. decrease in mitochondrial function, decreased production of ATP increases anaerobicmetabolism. eventual cell death.C.M. hypoxia, cyanosis, cognitive impairment, lethargy-Hypoxia injuryE. normal byproduct of ATP production, will overwhelm the mitochondria-exhaustintracellular antioxidantsP. lipid peroxidation, damage proteins, fragment DNA

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Document Details

University
Chamberlain College of Nursing
Course
NURS 5315
Subject
Nursing

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