Protein Structure

Name: Protein Structure
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Author: Daniel Miller

Explore the levels of protein structure and understand how functional groups like amine and carboxyl groups influence protein folding, function, and interactions.

Daniel Miller

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25 days ago

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Protein Structure
What are the levels of protein structure and what role do functional groups play?
Proteins accomplish many cellular tasks such as facilitating chemical reactions, providing structure, and
earning information from one cell tc another. How a protein chain coils up and folds determines its
three-dimensional shape. Its shape will, in turn, determine how it interacts with other molecules and thus
performs its function in the cell.
Model 1- Formation of a Peptide Bond
a. Circle an amine group in the diagram, {click the picture and select edit to do
so for this and ALL other drawing questions)
b. Draw a triangle around a carboxylic acid (carboxy!} group.
2. How are the amino acids similar to one another?
eaCV t o (U-enW CRY H Y ' R M W e d A M w
W v OCJ-tVX (MW, CRVkrSY I cjVo\K?

3. How are the amino acids different from one another?
ivn- t AYIJWC4. How many amino acids are involved in the reaction to make a dipeptide?
5. In Model 1 the original amino acids are combined through a condensation reaction to
make the dipeptide.
a. What does Ri represent in the dipeptide?
b. What does R 2 represent in the dipeptide?
MWijt I -
6. Put a box around the atoms in the amino acids that become the H:O molecule produced
by the reaction in Model 1.
7. A peptide bond is a covalent bond linking two amino acids together in a peptide.
a. Circle the peptide bond in Model 1.
b. Between which two atoms in the dipeptide is the peptide bond located?
c. Between what two functional groups is the peptide bond located?
8. There are 22 different amino acids found in nature. Two were shown in Model 1.
Additional examples are shown below. With your group, write one or two grammatically
correct sentences to describe how these amino acids are similar and how they are different
Use the terms R-group, amine group, and carboxyl group in your description.
H
IH j N — G— COUH
H
Glycine
(Gly)
Cysteine
(Cn)
Asparagine
(A*n)
Phenylalanine
(Phe)

9. Locate the primary structure of the polypeptide in Model 2.
a. Draw an arrow to two different peptide bonds in the diagram.
b. Circle three separate amino acids that were joined together to make the
polypeptide.
10. The first five amino acids in this polypeptide are serine, tyrosine, alanine,
phenylalanine, and valine, in that order (Ser-Tyr-Ala-Phe-Val). If the amino acids were
changed or rearranged (i.e., to Val-Phe-Ala-Ser-Tyr), the polypeptide would have a
different name and identity. With your group, use this information to write a definition of
the primary structure of a protein.
CXtkeX AM A M
11. Locate the secondary protein structure in Model 2.
a. What types of bonds are holding the secondary structure in place?
b. What groups on the amino acids are always involved in these bonds?
M Vx) ( A M A < A A M 1A-4-
12. Draw a rectangle around two different R groups on the amino acids in the secondary
structure in Model 2.
13. Is there any interaction between R groups in the secondary structure in Model 2?
(Jo
14. Secondary protein structure can take the form of an alpha(a)-helix or a beta{b)-pleated
sheet, as illustrated below.
a. Which drawing represents an a-helix, Molecule 1 or Molecule 2? Explain your reasoning.
Wu te MAjX-e, ■ H - Iroftds
b Which drawing represents a b-pleated sheet? Explain your reasoning.
Mokculc 1 Molecule 2

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Subject

Biology

Protein Structure

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