Protein Structure
Explore the levels of protein structure and understand how functional groups like amine and carboxyl groups influence protein folding, function, and interactions.
Daniel Miller
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Protein Structure
What are the levels of protein structure and what role do functional groups play?
Proteins accomplish many cellular tasks such as facilitating chemical reactions, providing structure, and
earning information from one cell tc another. How a protein chain coils up and folds determines its
three-dimensional shape. Its shape will, in turn, determine how it interacts with other molecules and thus
performs its function in the cell.
Model 1- Formation of a Peptide Bond
a. Circle an amine group in the diagram, {click the picture and select edit to do
so for this and ALL other drawing questions)
b. Draw a triangle around a carboxylic acid (carboxy!} group.
2. How are the amino acids similar to one another?
eaCV t o (U-enW CRY H Y ' R M W e d A M w
W v OCJ-tVX (MW, CRVkrSY I cjVo\K?
What are the levels of protein structure and what role do functional groups play?
Proteins accomplish many cellular tasks such as facilitating chemical reactions, providing structure, and
earning information from one cell tc another. How a protein chain coils up and folds determines its
three-dimensional shape. Its shape will, in turn, determine how it interacts with other molecules and thus
performs its function in the cell.
Model 1- Formation of a Peptide Bond
a. Circle an amine group in the diagram, {click the picture and select edit to do
so for this and ALL other drawing questions)
b. Draw a triangle around a carboxylic acid (carboxy!} group.
2. How are the amino acids similar to one another?
eaCV t o (U-enW CRY H Y ' R M W e d A M w
W v OCJ-tVX (MW, CRVkrSY I cjVo\K?
3. How are the amino acids different from one another?
ivn- t AYIJWC4. How many amino acids are involved in the reaction to make a dipeptide?
5. In Model 1 the original amino acids are combined through a condensation reaction to
make the dipeptide.
a. What does Ri represent in the dipeptide?
b. What does R 2 represent in the dipeptide?
MWijt I -
6. Put a box around the atoms in the amino acids that become the H:O molecule produced
by the reaction in Model 1.
7. A peptide bond is a covalent bond linking two amino acids together in a peptide.
a. Circle the peptide bond in Model 1.
b. Between which two atoms in the dipeptide is the peptide bond located?
c. Between what two functional groups is the peptide bond located?
8. There are 22 different amino acids found in nature. Two were shown in Model 1.
Additional examples are shown below. With your group, write one or two grammatically
correct sentences to describe how these amino acids are similar and how they are different
Use the terms R-group, amine group, and carboxyl group in your description.
H
IH j N — G— COUH
H
Glycine
(Gly)
Cysteine
(Cn)
Asparagine
(A*n)
Phenylalanine
(Phe)
ivn- t AYIJWC4. How many amino acids are involved in the reaction to make a dipeptide?
5. In Model 1 the original amino acids are combined through a condensation reaction to
make the dipeptide.
a. What does Ri represent in the dipeptide?
b. What does R 2 represent in the dipeptide?
MWijt I -
6. Put a box around the atoms in the amino acids that become the H:O molecule produced
by the reaction in Model 1.
7. A peptide bond is a covalent bond linking two amino acids together in a peptide.
a. Circle the peptide bond in Model 1.
b. Between which two atoms in the dipeptide is the peptide bond located?
c. Between what two functional groups is the peptide bond located?
8. There are 22 different amino acids found in nature. Two were shown in Model 1.
Additional examples are shown below. With your group, write one or two grammatically
correct sentences to describe how these amino acids are similar and how they are different
Use the terms R-group, amine group, and carboxyl group in your description.
H
IH j N — G— COUH
H
Glycine
(Gly)
Cysteine
(Cn)
Asparagine
(A*n)
Phenylalanine
(Phe)
Model 2 - Protein Structure (Part A)
Primary Structure
Amino acid sequence: Ser
-
Tyr
-
Ala
-
Phe - Vai
-
Cys
-
Tyr
-
Asp
-
Cys - Gly
Peptide structure:
Secondary Structure
<
>il
Primary Structure
Amino acid sequence: Ser
-
Tyr
-
Ala
-
Phe - Vai
-
Cys
-
Tyr
-
Asp
-
Cys - Gly
Peptide structure:
Secondary Structure
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>il
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