Introduction to Nursing Research
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. Quantitative research uses the following methods of data collection except:
A. surveys.
B. questionnaires.
C. participant observation.
D. psychosocial instruments.
____ 2. Knowledge is information acquired in a variety of different ways. Methods used to acquire this knowledge are
referred to as:
A. scientific integrity.
B. scientific rigor.
C. triangulation.
D. ways of knowing.
____ 3. When a researcher uses a qualitative and quantitative approach to collecting data, this is referred to as:
A. scientific integrity.
B. scientific rigor.
C. triangulation.
D. ways of knowing.
____ 4. A type of research method emphasizing the meaning of an experience is termed:
A. qualitative.
B. quantitative.
C. scientific integrity.
D. scientific method.
____ 5. A group of individuals who collaborate on a research project from beginning to dissemination of findings are
referred to as a:
A. research consumer.
B. research team.
C. principal investigator.
D. consultant.
____ 6. An example of a specialty journal is:
A. Nursing Research.
B. Research in Nursing and Health.
C. Oncology Nursing Forum.
D. Western Journal of Nursing Research.
____ 7. Research that is done to examine findings of another researcher using the same variables but different subjects
is referred to as:
A. exploration.
B. replication.
C. empiricism.
D. rigor.
____ 8. The development of a solid foundation of reliable knowledge typically is built from which type of research?
A. basic research

B. action research
C. evaluation research
D. qualitative research
____ 9. Which of the following is not a basic assumption of science?
A. Science cannot provide answers to all questions.
B. It is possible to distinguish between more and less plausible claims.
C. Researchers should follow certain agreed upon norms and practices.
D. Science is best at solving value conflicts.
____ 10. Who is the current Director of the National Institutes of Nursing Research (NINR)?
A. Dr. Rebecca Patton
B. Dr. Julie Gerberding
C. Dr. Patricia Grady
D. Dr. Elias Zerhouni

Understanding the Research Process and Ethical Issues in Nursing Research
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. A research design that examines relationships between and among variables is referred to as:
A. longitudinal.
B. correlational.
C. prospective.
D. retrospective.
____ 2. Nonexperimental research is often said to be weaker than experimental research in terms of:
A. establishing whether a problem exists.
B. establishing for whom a problem exists.
C. documenting a causal relationship.
D. all of the above
____ 3. A situation where the identity of subjects remains unknown to protect subjects participating in a study is
referred to as:
A. confidentiality.
B. human rights.
C. risk-benefit ratio.
D. anonymity.
____ 4. All of the following groups deserve special protection as subjects in research, except:
A. men and women over 65 years of age.
B. children.
C. prisoners.
D. mentally ill.
____ 5. A researcher wants to determine if nurses’ levels of empathy for patients change after graduation from
nursing school. The following groups are measured: new graduates, nurses who have worked for 2 years, and
nurses who have worked for 5 years, on empathy toward patients with a comparison of scores. This study is:
A. prospective.
B. retrospective.
C. cross-sectional.
D. experimental.
____ 6. A researcher designs an experiment to test how variables interact to influence how well children learn. The
main purpose of this study is:
A. description.
B. explanation.
C. influence.
D. prediction.
____ 7. A study that follows a cohort of subjects and collects over time is referred to as:
A. observational.
B. retrospective.
C. longitudinal.
D. experimental.
____ 8. Individuals who provide data in a research study are often referred to as the:

A. population.
B. data points.
C. coding plan.
D. sample.
____ 9. Which of the following statements is not true of an Institutional Review Board (IRB)?
A. An IRB assures that researchers do not engage in unethical behavior.
B. All IRB members must have an affiliation with the institution.
C. An IRB can use an expedited review process where there are minimal risks.
D. Certain types of research are exempt from the IRB process.
____ 10. Providing subjects with an estimate of the potential risks in relation to the potential benefits is called the:
A. right to privacy and dignity.
B. right to anonymity and confidentiality.
C. risk-benefit ratio.
D. right to self-determination.

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Understanding Evidence-Based Practice
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. Reasons for a research-practice gap include all of the following except:
A. Nurses lack the skill of reading research reports.
B. Nurses don’t develop an opportunity for acceptance of change.
C. Nurses are encouraged by administration to resist change in practice.
D. Nurse researchers and clinicians use different language.
____ 2. Hierarchy of evidence from strongest (clinical trials) to weakest (opinion) is also referred to as:
A. evidence-based practice.
B. appraising evidence.
C. research utilization.
D. evidence databases.
____ 3. One of the largest biomedical research literature databases is:
A. MEDLINE.
B. MD Consult.
C. CANCERLIT.
D. InfoPOEMS.
____ 4. All of the following are examples of evidence databases except:
A. HealthSTAR.
B. AIDSLINE.
C. MD Consult.
D. NursingPlus.
____ 5. A conscientious, explicit use of best evidence in making decisions about care is often termed:
A. evidence databases.
B. evidence-based medicine.
C. evidence guidelines.
D. best evidence guidelines.
____ 6. What resource provides the latest information on evidence-based clinical practice guidelines?
A. National Guideline Clearinghouse
B. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)
C. Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness
D. Cochrane Review of Methodology Database
____ 7. A statistical method that synthesizes findings from several studies is often referred to as:
A. descriptive analysis.
B. inferential analysis.
C. meta analysis.
D. multivariate analysis.
____ 8. The term _____ is often referred to as a delay in using research findings in practice.
A. systematic reviews
B. research-practice gap
C. evidence-based practice
D. evidence database

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____ 9. One of the strongest pieces of evidence a researcher can identify when addressing and answering clinical
questions is the use of:
A. individual case-control studies.
B. case studies.
C. expert opinion.
D. randomized clinical trials.
____ 10. One of the weakest pieces of evidence a researcher can identify when addressing and answering clinical
questions is the use of:
A. individual case-control studies.
B. case studies.
C. expert opinion.
D. randomized clinical trials.

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Selecting and Defining a Problem
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. The statement of purpose in a research study should:
A. identify the design of the study.
B. identify the intent or objective of the study.
C. specify the type of people to be recruited in the study.
D. describe the study.
____ 2. Sources of researchable problems can include:
A. researcher’s own experience.
B. practical issues that require solutions.
C. theory and past research.
D. all of the above
____ 3. A statement that clearly describes the problem, makes a case for why it needs to be investigated, and often
culminates by having the researcher articulate the problem in question form is found in what section of a
research proposal?
A. theoretical rationale
B. definition of terms
C. problem statement
D. methods
____ 4. Which of the following statements best describes the problem statement, “To what extent do health practices
influence the health of American citizens?”
A. acceptable as stated
B. not a research problem because it addresses a moral issue
C. not acceptable as stated because it leads an independent variable
D. not acceptable because of the vagueness of concepts stated
____ 5. In developing a problem statement, a researcher speaks to each of the following except:
A. variables.
B. population.
C. design.
D. focus of study.
____ 6. Computer database searchers can be done:
A. at the library.
B. online at home.
C. using a CD-ROM.
D. all of the above
____ 7. The feasibility of a study should be considered in light of:
A. cost and time required to conduct the study.
B. skills required of the researcher.
C. potential ethical concerns.
D. all of the above
____ 8. A good qualitative problem statement:
A. defines the independent and dependent variables.

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B. conveys a sense of emerging design.
C. specifies a research hypothesis to be tested.
D. specifies a relationship between or among variables.
____ 9. Explanations of concepts or variables in terms of how they are defined in a particular study are referred to as:
A. operational definitions.
B. primary sources.
C. secondary sources.
D. scientific literature.
____ 10. Journals that determine acceptance of manuscripts based on peer review are referred to as a:
A. scientific journal.
B. theoretical journal.
C. referred journal.
D. electronic journal.

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Reading, Understanding, and Applying Nursing Research, Revised Reprint 4th Edition Test Bank

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