Test Bank For Wongs Nursing Care Of Infants And Children, 10th Edition

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01: Perspectives of Pediatric Nursing
Chapter 01: Perspectives of Pediatric Nursing
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The clinic nurse is reviewing statistics on infant mortality for the United States
versus other countries. Compared with other countries that have a population of at
least 25 million, the nurse makes which determination?
a. The United States is ranked last among 27 countries.
b. The United States is ranked similar to 20 other developed countries.
c. The United States is ranked in the middle of 20 other developed countries.
d. The United States is ranked highest among 27 other industrialized countries.
ANS: A
Although the death rate has decreased, the United States still ranks last in infant
mortality among nations with a population of at least 25 million. The United States
has the highest infant death rate of developed nations.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 6
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
2. Which is the leading cause of death in infants younger than 1 year in the United
States?
a. Congenital anomalies
b. Sudden infant death syndrome
c. Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight
d. Maternal complications specific to the perinatal period
ANS: A
Congenital anomalies account for 20.1% of deaths in infants younger than 1 year
compared with sudden infant death syndrome, which accounts for 8.2%; disorders
related to short gestation and unspecified low birth weight, which account for 16.5%;
and maternal complications such as infections specific to the perinatal period, which
account for 6.1% of deaths in infants younger than 1 year of age.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 7 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
3. What is the major cause of death for children older than 1 year in the United States?
a. Heart disease

b. Childhood cancer
c. Unintentional injuries
d. Congenital anomalies
ANS: C
Unintentional injuries (accidents) are the leading cause of death after age 1 year
through adolescence. The leading cause of death for those younger than 1 year is
congenital anomalies, and childhood cancers and heart disease cause a significantly
lower percentage of deaths in children older than 1 year of age.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding REF: p. 7 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
4. In addition to injuries, what are the leading causes of death in adolescents ages 15 to
19 years?
a. Suicide and cancer
b. Suicide and homicide
c. Drowning and cancer
d. Homicide and heart disease
ANS: B
Suicide and homicide account for 16.7% of deaths in this age group. Suicide and
cancer account for 10.9% of deaths, heart disease and cancer account for
approximately 5.5%, and homicide and heart disease account for 10.9% of the deaths
in this age group.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 7 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
5. The nurse is planning a teaching session to adolescents about deaths by
unintentional injuries. Which should the nurse include in the session with regard to
deaths caused by injuries?
a. More deaths occur in males.
b. More deaths occur in females.
c. The pattern of deaths does not vary according to age and sex.
d. The pattern of deaths does not vary widely among different ethnic groups.
ANS: A

The majority of deaths from unintentional injuries occur in males. The pattern of
death does vary greatly among different ethnic groups, and the causes of unintentional
deaths vary with age and gender.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: pp. 7-8
TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
6. What do mortality statistics describe?
a. Disease occurring regularly within a geographic location
b. The number of individuals who have died over a specific period
c. The prevalence of specific illness in the population at a particular time
d. Disease occurring in more than the number of expected cases in a community
ANS: B
Mortality statistics refer to the number of individuals who have died over a specific
period.
Morbidity statistics show the prevalence of specific illness in the population at a
particular time. Data regarding disease within a geographic region, or in greater than
expected numbers in a community, may be extrapolated from analyzing the morbidity
statistics.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 3 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
7. The nurse should assess which age group for suicide ideation since suicide in which
age group is the third leading cause of death?
a. Preschoolers
b. Young school age
c. Middle school age
d. Late school age and adolescents
ANS: D
Suicide is the third leading cause of death in children ages 10 to 19 years; therefore,
the age group should be late school age and adolescents. Suicide is not one of the
leading causes of death for preschool and young or middle school-aged children.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding REF: p. 6
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

8. Parents of a hospitalized toddler ask the nurse, “What is meant by family-centered
care?” The nurse should respond with which statement?
a. Family-centered care reduces the effect of cultural diversity on the family.
b. Family-centered care encourages family dependence on the health care system.
c. Family-centered care recognizes that the family is the constant in a child’s life.
d. Family-centered care avoids expecting families to be part of the decision-making process.
ANS: C
The three key components of family-centered care are respect, collaboration, and
support. Family-centered care recognizes the family as the constant in the child’s life.
The family should be enabled and empowered to work with the health care system and
is expected to be part of the decision-making process. The nurse should also support
the family’s cultural diversity, not reduce its effect.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: p. 8
TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
9. The nurse is describing clinical reasoning to a group of nursing students. Which is
most descriptive of clinical reasoning?
a. Purposeful and goal directed
b. A simple developmental process
c. Based on deliberate and irrational thought
d. Assists individuals in guessing what is most appropriate
ANS: A
Clinical reasoning is a complex developmental process based on rational and
deliberate thought. When thinking is clear, precise, accurate, relevant, consistent, and
fair, a logical connection develops between the elements of thought and the problem
at hand.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: p. 12
TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
10. Evidence-based practice (EBP), a decision-making model, is best described as
which?
a. Using information in textbooks to guide care
b. Combining knowledge with clinical experience and intuition

c. Using a professional code of ethics as a means for decision making
d. Gathering all evidence that applies to the child’s health and family situation
ANS: B
EBP helps focus on measurable outcomes; the use of demonstrated, effective
interventions; and questioning what is the best approach. EBP involves decision
making based on data, not all evidence on a particular situation, and involves the latest
available data. Nurses can use textbooks to determine areas of concern and potential
involvement.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 11 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment
11. Which best describes signs and symptoms as part of a nursing diagnosis?
a. Description of potential risk factors
b. Identification of actual health problems
c. Human response to state of illness or health
d. Cues and clusters derived from patient assessment
ANS: D
Signs and symptoms are the cues and clusters of defining characteristics that are
derived from a patient assessment and indicate actual health problems. The first part
of the nursing diagnosis is the problem statement, also known as the human response
to the state of illness or health. The identification of actual health problems may be
part of the medical diagnosis. The nursing diagnosis is based on the human response
to these problems. The human response is therefore a component of the nursing
diagnostic statement. Potential risk factors are used to identify nursing care needs to
avoid the development of an actual health problem when a potential one exists.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding REF: p. 13
TOP: Integrated Process: Communication and Documentation
MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment
12. The nurse is talking to a group of parents of school-age children at an after-school
program about childhood health problems. Which statement should the nurse include
in the teaching?
a. Childhood obesity is the most common nutritional problem among children.
b. Immunization rates are the same among children of different races and ethnicity.

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c. Dental caries is not a problem commonly seen in children since the introduction of fluorida
d. Mental health problems are typically not seen in school-age children but may be diagnosed
ANS: A
When teaching parents of school-age children about childhood health problems, the
nurse should include information about childhood obesity because it is the most
common problem among children and is associated with type 2 diabetes. Teaching
parents about ways to prevent obesity is important to include. Immunization rates
differ depending on the child’s race and ethnicity; dental caries continues to be a
common chronic disease in childhood; and mental health problems are seen in
children as young as school age, not just in adolescents.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: p. 3
TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
13. The nurse is planning care for a hospitalized preschool-aged child. Which should
the nurse plan to ensure atraumatic care?
a. Limit explanation of procedures because the child is preschool aged.
b. Ask that all family members leave the room when performing procedures.

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c. Male, even tempered, history of previous injuries
d. Female, reacts negatively to new situations, no serious previous injuries
ANS: B
Boys have a preponderance for injuries over girls because of a difference in
behavioral characteristics, a high activity temperament is associated with risk-taking
behaviors, and stress predisposes children to increased risk taking and self-destructive
behaviors. Therefore, a male child with a high activity level and living in a stressful
environment has the highest number of risk factors. A girl with several siblings and a
stable home life is low risk. A boy with previous injuries has two risk factors, but an
even temper is not a risk factor for injuries. A girl who reacts negatively to new
situations but has no previous serious illnesses has only one risk factor.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyzing REF: p. 4
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment
17. The school nurse is evaluating the number of school-age children classified as
obese. The nurse recognizes that the percentile of body mass index that classifies a
child as obese is greater than which?
a. 50th percentile
b. 75th

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d. “Our child may have difficulty concentrating in school.”
ANS: C
The statement that the child will show caring behaviors needs further teaching.
Children living with chronic violence may exhibit behaviors such as difficulty
concentrating in school, memory impairment, aggressive play, uncaring behaviors,
and lasting symptoms of stress.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: p. 6
TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
19. The nurse is evaluating research studies according to the GRADE criteria and has
determined the quality of evidence on the subject is moderate. Which type of evidence
does this determination indicate?
a. Strong evidence from unbiased observational studies
b. Evidence from randomized clinical trials showed inconsistent results

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Autonomy is the patient’s right to be self-governing. The adolescent is trying to be
autonomous, so the nurse is supporting this value. Justice is the concept of fairness.
Beneficence is the obligation to promote the patient’s well-being. Nonmaleficence is
the obligation to minimize or prevent harm.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyzing REF: p. 11 TOP: Nursing Process: Evaluation
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
21. The nurse manager is compiling a report for a hospital committee on the quality of
nursing-sensitive indicators for a nursing unit. Which does the nurse manager include
in the report?
a. The average age of the nurses on the unit
b. The salary ranges for the nurses on the unit
c. The education and certification of the

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The pediatric nurse’s role includes promoting disease prevention, providing support
and counseling, establishing a therapeutic relationship, and participating in ethical
decision making; a pediatric nurse does not need to establish lifelong friendships or
provide financial assistance to children and their families. Boundaries should be set
and clear.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: pp. 9-11 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
2. The nurse is conducting a teaching session for parents on nutrition. Which
characteristics of families should the nurse consider that can cause families to struggle
in providing adequate nutrition? (Select all that apply.)
a. Homelessness
b. Lower income
c. Migrant status
d. Working parents
e. Single parent status
ANS: A, B, C
Families that struggle with lower incomes, homelessness, and migrant status generally

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The patient’s medical record should include: initial assessments, reassessments,
nursing care provided, and the patient’s response of care provided. Incident reports are
not documented in the patient’s chart.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: p. 14
TOP: Integrated Process: Communication and Documentation
MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment
4. Which actions by the nurse demonstrate overinvolvement with patients and their
families? (Select all that apply.)
a. Buying clothes for the patients
b. Showing favoritism toward a patient
c. Focusing on technical aspects of care
d.

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alternatives should be considered. Establishing priorities and selecting expected
patient goals are done in the outcomes identification stage. Determining if a risk or
actual dysfunctional health problem exists is done in the diagnosis stage of the nursing
process.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding REF: p. 14 TOP: Nursing Process: Evaluation
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
6. Which should the nurse teach to parents regarding oral health of children? (Select
all that apply.)
a. Fluoridated water should be used.
b. Early childhood caries is a preventable disease.
c. Dental caries is a rare chronic disease of childhood.
d. Dental hygiene should

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Overweight youth have increased risk for a cluster of cardiovascular factors that
include hypertension, altered glucose metabolism, and dyslipidemia. Irritable bowel
disease and asthma are not linked to obesity.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: p. 3
TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
8. The nurse is reviewing the Healthy People 2020 leading health indicators for a child
health promotion program. Which are included in the leading health
indicators? (Select all that apply.)
a. Decrease tobacco use.
b. Improve immunization rates.
c. Reduce incidences of cancer.
d. Increase access to health care.
e. Decrease

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consider alternative actions. Clinical reasoning is a complex developmental process
based on rational and deliberate thought and developing an outcome focused on
optimum patient care. Clinical reasoning is based on the scientific method of inquiry;
it is not based solely on intuition.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: p. 12 TOP: Nursing Process: Evaluation
MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment
COMPLETION
1. The nurse is determining if a newborn is classified in the low birth weight (LBW)
category of less than 2500 g. The newborn’s weight is 5 lb, 4 oz. What is the
newborn’s weight in grams? Record your answer in a whole number.
__________________
ANS:
2386
Convert the 4 oz to a decimal by dividing 4 by 16 = 0.25. Use 5.25 lb and divide by
2.2 to get 2.386 kg. Multiply by 1000 to convert to grams = 2386.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: p. 3
TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
MATCHING
The nursing process is a method of problem identification and problem solving that
describes what the nurse actually does. Match each step of the nursing process with
its definition.
a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Outcomes identification
d. Planning
e. Implementation
f. Evaluation
1. Problem identification
2. Expected patient goals
3. Purposeful collection of data
4. Development of a care plan
5. Determines if the outcome was met
6. Interventions are put into action

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1. ANS: B DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding REF: p. 13
TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
2. ANS: C DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding REF: p. 13
TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
3. ANS: A DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding REF: p. 13
TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
4. ANS: D DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding REF: p. 13
TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
5. ANS: F DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding REF: p. 14
TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
6. ANS: E DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding REF: p. 14
TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Ethical dilemmas arise when competing moral considerations underlie various
alternatives. Match each competing moral value with its definition.
a. Autonomy
b. Nonmaleficence
c. Beneficence
d. Justice
7. The obligation to promote the patient’s well-being
8. The obligation to minimize or prevent harm
9. The patient’s right to be self-governing
10. The concept of fairness
7. ANS: C DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding REF: p. 11
TOP: Integrated Process: Caring MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
8. ANS: B DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding REF: p. 11
TOP: Integrated Process: Caring MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
9. ANS: A DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding REF: p. 11
TOP: Integrated Process: Caring MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
10. ANS: D DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding REF: p. 11
TOP: Integrated Process: Caring MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
02: Social, Cultural, Religious, and Family
Influences on Child Health Promotion

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Chapter 02: Social, Cultural, Religious, and Family Influences on Child Health
Promotion
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Children are taught the values of their culture through observation and feedback
relative to their own behavior. In teaching a class on cultural competence, the nurse
should be aware that which factor may be culturally determined?
a. Ethnicity
b. Racial variation
c. Status
d. Geographic boundaries
ANS: C
Status is culturally determined and varies according to each culture. Some cultures
ascribe higher status to age or socioeconomic position. Social roles also are influenced
by the culture. Ethnicity is an affiliation of a set of persons who share a unique
cultural, social, and linguistic heritage. It is one component of culture. Race and
culture are two distinct attributes. Whereas racial grouping describes transmissible
traits, culture is determined by the pattern of assumptions, beliefs, and practices that
unconsciously frames or guides the outlook and decisions of a group of people.
Cultural development may be limited by geographic boundaries, but the boundaries
are not culturally determined.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyzing REF: p. 39
TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
2. The nurse is aware that if patients’ different cultures are implied to be inferior, the
emotional attitude the nurse is displaying is what?
a. Acculturation
b. Ethnocentrism
c. Cultural shock
d. Cultural sensitivity
ANS: B
Ethnocentrism is the belief that one’s way of living and behaving is the best way. This
includes the emotional attitude that the values, beliefs, and perceptions of one’s ethnic

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group are superior to those of others. Acculturation is the gradual changes that are
produced in a culture by the influence of another culture that cause one or both
cultures to become more similar. The minority culture is forced to learn the majority
culture to survive. Cultural shock is the helpless feeling and state of disorientation felt
by an outsider attempting to adapt to a different culture group. Cultural sensitivity, a
component of culturally competent care, is an awareness of cultural similarities and
differences.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding REF: p. 35 TOP: Integrated Process: Caring
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
3. Which term best describes the sharing of common characteristics that differentiates
one group from other groups in a society?
a. Race
b. Culture
c. Ethnicity
d. Superiority
ANS: C
Ethnicity is a classification aimed at grouping individuals who consider themselves, or
are considered by others, to share common characteristics that differentiate them from
the other collectivities in a society, and from which they develop their distinctive
cultural behavior. Race is a term that groups together people by their outward physical
appearance. Culture is a pattern of assumptions, beliefs, and practices that
unconsciously frames or guides the outlook and decisions of a group of people. A
culture is composed of individuals who share a set of values, beliefs, and practices
that serve as a frame of reference for individual perception and judgments. Superiority
is the state or quality of being superior; it does not apply to ethnicity.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding REF: p. 39
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
4. After the family, which has the greatest influence on providing continuity between
generations?
a. Race
b. School
c. Social class

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d. Government
ANS: B
Schools convey a tremendous amount of culture from the older members to the
younger members of society. They prepare children to carry out the traditional social
roles that will be expected of them as adults. Race is defined as a division of
humankind possessing traits that are transmissible by descent and are sufficient to
characterize race as a distinct human type; although race may have an influence on
childrearing practices, its role is not as significant as that of schools. Social class
refers to the family’s economic and educational levels. The social class of a family
may change between generations. The government establishes parameters for
children, including amount of schooling, but this is usually at a local level. The school
culture has the most significant influence on continuity besides family.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 33
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
5. The nurse is planning care for a patient with a different ethnic background. Which
should be an appropriate goal?
a. Adapt, as necessary, ethnic practices to health needs.
b. Attempt, in a nonjudgmental way, to change ethnic beliefs.

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Family systems theory describes an interactional model. Any change in one member
will create change in others. Although the family is the sum of the individual
members, family systems theory focuses on the number of dyad interactions that can
occur. The interactions, not the individual members, are considered to be the problem.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyzing REF: p. 18
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
9. Which family theory is described as a series of tasks for the family throughout its
life span?
a. Exchange theory
b. Developmental theory
c. Structural-functional theory
d. Symbolic interactional theory
ANS: B
In developmental systems theory, the family is described as a small group, a
semiclosed system of personalities that interact with the larger cultural system.
Changes do not occur in one part of the family without changes in others. Exchange
theory assumes that humans, families, and groups seek rewarding statuses so that
rewards are maximized while costs are minimized. Structural-functional theory states
that the family performs at least one societal function while also meeting family
needs. Symbolic interactional theory describes the family as a unit of interacting
persons with each occupying a position within the family.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 19
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

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positive and negative, are cumulative and affect the family. Adaptation requires a
change in family structure or interaction. Interactional theory is not a family theory.
Interactions are the basis of general systems theory. Erikson’s theory applies to
individual growth and development, not families. Developmental systems theory is an
outgrowth of Duvall’s theory. The family is described as a small group, a semiclosed
system of personalities that interact with the larger cultural system. Changes do not
occur in one part of the family without changes in others.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 19
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
11. Which type of family should the nurse recognize when the paternal grandmother,
the parents, and two minor children live together?
a. Blended
b. Nuclear
c. Extended
d. Binuclear
ANS: C
An extended family contains at least one parent, one or more children, and one or
more members (related or unrelated) other than a parent or sibling. A blended family
contains at least one stepparent, stepsibling, or half-sibling. A nuclear family consists
of two parents and their children. No other relatives or nonrelatives are present in the
household. In binuclear families, parents continue the parenting role while terminating
the spousal unit. For example, when joint custody is assigned by the court, each parent
has equal rights and responsibilities for the minor child or children.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: pp. 20-21
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
12.

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them function effectively. Strong families have a sense of congruence among family
members regarding the value and importance of assigning time and energy to meet
needs. Varied coping strategies are used by strong families. The sense of commitment
is toward the growth and well-being of individual family members, as well as the
family unit.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: p. 22
TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
15. When assessing a family, the nurse determines that the parents exert little or no
control over their children. This style of parenting is called which?
a. Permissive
b. Dictatorial
c. Democratic
d. Authoritarian
ANS: A
Permissive parents avoid imposing their own standards of conduct and allow their
children to regulate their own activity as much as possible. The parents exert little or
no control over their children’s actions. Dictatorial or authoritarian parents attempt to
control their children’s behavior and attitudes through unquestioned mandates. They
establish rules and regulations or standards of conduct that they expect to be followed
rigidly and unquestioningly. Democratic parents combine permissive and dictatorial
styles. They direct their children’s behavior and attitudes by emphasizing the reasons
for rules and negatively reinforcing deviations. They respect their children’s
individual natures.

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ANS: A
For effective discipline, parents must be consistent and must follow through with
agreed-on actions. Withdrawal of love and approval is never appropriate or effective.
The 4-year-old child will test limits and may misbehave. Children of this age do not
respond to verbal reasoning. Realistic goals should be set for this age group.
Discipline is necessary to reinforce these goals. Discipline strategies should be
appropriate to the child’s age and temperament and the severity of the misbehavior.
Following rules rigidly and unquestioningly is beyond the developmental capabilities
of a 4-year-old child.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: p. 24
TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
17. Which is a consequence of the physical punishment of children, such as spanking?
a. The psychologic impact is usually minimal.
b. The child’s development of reasoning increases.
c. Children rarely become accustomed to spanking.
d.

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d. If the child cries, refuses, or is more disruptive, try another approach.
ANS: C
The area must be nonstimulating and safe. The child becomes bored in this
environment and then changes behavior to rejoin activities. The child’s room may
have toys and activities that negate the effect of being separated from the family. The
general rule is 1 minute per year of age. An hour per year is excessive. When the child
cries, refuses, or is more disruptive, the time-out does not start; the time-out begins
when the child quiets.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 26
TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
19. A 3-year-old child was adopted immediately after birth. The parents have just
asked the nurse how they should tell the child that she is adopted. Which guideline
concerning adoption should the nurse use in planning a response?
a. It is best to wait until the child asks about it.

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c. Family systems theory
d. Developmental theory
ANS: C
In family systems theory, the family is viewed as a system that continually interacts
with its members and the environment. The emphasis is on the interaction between the
members; a change in one family member creates a change in other members, which
in turn results in a new change in the original member. Assessing the family’s group
dynamics is an example of using this theory as a framework. Family stress theory
explains how families react to stressful events and suggests factors that promote
adaptation to stress. Developmental theory addresses family change over time using
Duvall’s family life cycle stages based on the predictable changes in the family’s
structure, function, and roles, with the age of the oldest child as the marker for stage
transition. Feminist theories assume that privilege and power are inequitably
distributed based upon gender, race, and class.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: p. 18 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
25. The nurse is reviewing the importance of role learning for children. The nurse
understands that children’s roles are primarily shaped by which members?
a. Peers
b. Parents
c. Siblings

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