The Evolution Of Public Health Programs

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The Evolution of Public Health Programs(Don’t mess with the cover page, I will do it)1.For each of the following periods, identify and describe the events or circumstances that resulted in the change from one period to thenext. (For example,during the period identified as “public-supported programs”, Medicare and Medicaid legislation was enacted.What were the circumstances that lead to the passage of this significant piece of legislation?). You might find pages 150-152 helpful.•1900s to 1942–Pre-healthcare insurance•1943 to 1965–Employer health insurance plans introduced•1965 to Late ’60s–Public-supported healthcare programs introduced (Medicare and Medicaid)•Late ’60s to 1990s–Cost-containment era•2000 to present–Public accessibility and provider accountabilityIn order to identify viable solutions to financing the current healthcare system, students need to have an understanding of howthe current system evolved and what factors influenced its evolution. The evolution of the current methods and financinghealthcare started at the turn of the 20th century with the concept of health insurance. In this exercise, the student is todescribe the evolution of financing the United States healthcare system starting from that period to the current time.Answer:For each of the following periods, identify and describe the events or circumstances that resulted in the change from oneperiod to the next. (For example, during the period identified as “public-supportedprograms,” Medicare and Medicaidlegislation was enacted. What were the circumstances that led to the passage of this significant piece of legislation?). Youmight find pages 150-152 helpful.• 1900s to 1942–Pre-healthcare insurance• 1943 to 1965–Employer health insurance plans introduced• 1965 to Late ’60s–Public-supported healthcare programs introduced (Medicare and Medicaid)• Late ’60s to 1990s–Cost-containment era• 2000 to present–Public accessibility and provider accountabilityIn order to identify viable solutions to financing the current healthcare system, students need to have an understanding of howthe current system evolved and what factors influenced its evolution. The evolution of the current methods and financinghealthcare started at the turn of the 20th century with the concept of health insurance. In this exercise, the student is todescribe the evolution of financing the United States healthcare system starting from that period to the current time.Answer:1.1900s to 1942–Pre-healthcare insuranceIn the early 1900s, healthcare was mostly paid for out-of-pocket. There were no formal insurance programs, andhealthcare costs were primarily borne by patients. However, the need for financial assistance in healthcare grewduring this time due to rising medical costs and increased urbanization. As a result, employer-based insurance plansbegan to gain attention, although they were not yet widespread.2.1943 to 1965–Employer health insurance plans introducedDuring World War II, employers began offering health insurance as a fringe benefit to attract and retain workers, aswage controls during the war restricted salary increases. The introduction of employer-sponsored health insurancegrew due to the economic pressures of the war, labor shortages, and a growing desire for healthcare security amongworkers. The government supported this shift by making employer-provided health insurance premiums tax-deductible, further promoting the expansion of these plans.3.1965 to Late ’60s–Public-supported healthcare programs introduced (Medicare and Medicaid)In the mid-1960s, growing concern about access to healthcare for the elderly and low-income populations led to thecreation of Medicare and Medicaid. Medicare provided health coverage for Americans aged 65 and older, whileMedicaid was established to assist low-income individuals and families. The push for these programs was driven bythe recognition that a significant portion of the population lacked access to health insurance and the rising costs ofhealthcare.4.Late ’60s to 1990s–Cost-containment eraBy the late 1960s and 1970s, the increasing costs of healthcare led to efforts at cost-containment. The governmentand private insurers sought to control the growth in healthcare expenditures through methods like diagnosis-relatedgroups (DRGs) and managed care. This era saw the introduction of various cost-control strategies as healthcareexpenditures became a major concern for both policymakers and consumers.5.2000 to present–Public accessibility and provider accountabilityIn the 2000s, the focus shifted toward improving public access to healthcare services and holding providersaccountable for the quality of care. The passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in 2010 expanded healthcarecoverage to millions of uninsured Americans, while also implementing reforms to make healthcare delivery moreefficient and transparent. The ACA aimed to increase healthcare access, reduce costs, and improve quality throughmechanisms like Medicaid expansion and insurance exchanges, emphasizing the importance of provideraccountability and public accessibility.

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