The Evolution Of Public Health Programs
Explore public health program development with this homework answers document.
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The Evolution of Public Health Programs
(Don’t mess with the cover page, I will do it)
1. For each of the following periods, identify and describe the events or circumstances that resulted in the change from one period to the
next. (For example, during the period identified as “public-supported programs”, Medicare and Medicaid legislation was enacted.
What were the circumstances that lead to the passage of this significant piece of legislation?). You might find pages 150-152 helpful.
• 1900s to 1942 – Pre-healthcare insurance
• 1943 to 1965 – Employer health insurance plans introduced
• 1965 to Late ’60s – Public-supported healthcare programs introduced (Medicare and Medicaid)
• Late ’60s to 1990s – Cost-containment era
• 2000 to present – Public accessibility and provider accountability
In order to identify viable solutions to financing the current healthcare system, students need to have an understanding of how
the current system evolved and what factors influenced its evolution. The evolution of the current methods and financing
healthcare started at the turn of the 20th century with the concept of health insurance. In this exercise, the student is to
describe the evolution of financing the United States healthcare system starting from that period to the current time.
Answer:
For each of the following periods, identify and describe the events or circumstances that resulted in the change from one
period to the next. (For example, during the period identified as “public-supported programs,” Medicare and Medicaid
legislation was enacted. What were the circumstances that led to the passage of this significant piece of legislation?). You
might find pages 150-152 helpful.
• 1900s to 1942 – Pre-healthcare insurance
• 1943 to 1965 – Employer health insurance plans introduced
• 1965 to Late ’60s – Public-supported healthcare programs introduced (Medicare and Medicaid)
• Late ’60s to 1990s – Cost-containment era
• 2000 to present – Public accessibility and provider accountability
In order to identify viable solutions to financing the current healthcare system, students need to have an understanding of how
the current system evolved and what factors influenced its evolution. The evolution of the current methods and financing
healthcare started at the turn of the 20th century with the concept of health insurance. In this exercise, the student is to
describe the evolution of financing the United States healthcare system starting from that period to the current time.
Answer:
1. 1900s to 1942 – Pre-healthcare insurance
In the early 1900s, healthcare was mostly paid for out-of-pocket. There were no formal insurance programs, and
healthcare costs were primarily borne by patients. However, the need for financial assistance in healthcare grew
during this time due to rising medical costs and increased urbanization. As a result, employer-based insurance plans
began to gain attention, although they were not yet widespread.
2. 1943 to 1965 – Employer health insurance plans introduced
During World War II, employers began offering health insurance as a fringe benefit to attract and retain workers, as
wage controls during the war restricted salary increases. The introduction of employer-sponsored health insurance
grew due to the economic pressures of the war, labor shortages, and a growing desire for healthcare security among
workers. The government supported this shift by making employer-provided health insurance premiums tax-
deductible, further promoting the expansion of these plans.
3. 1965 to Late ’60s – Public-supported healthcare programs introduced (Medicare and Medicaid)
In the mid-1960s, growing concern about access to healthcare for the elderly and low-income populations led to the
creation of Medicare and Medicaid. Medicare provided health coverage for Americans aged 65 and older, while
Medicaid was established to assist low-income individuals and families. The push for these programs was driven by
the recognition that a significant portion of the population lacked access to health insurance and the rising costs of
healthcare.
4. Late ’60s to 1990s – Cost-containment era
By the late 1960s and 1970s, the increasing costs of healthcare led to efforts at cost-containment. The government
and private insurers sought to control the growth in healthcare expenditures through methods like diagnosis-related
groups (DRGs) and managed care. This era saw the introduction of various cost-control strategies as healthcare
expenditures became a major concern for both policymakers and consumers.
5. 2000 to present – Public accessibility and provider accountability
In the 2000s, the focus shifted toward improving public access to healthcare services and holding providers
accountable for the quality of care. The passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in 2010 expanded healthcare
coverage to millions of uninsured Americans, while also implementing reforms to make healthcare delivery more
efficient and transparent. The ACA aimed to increase healthcare access, reduce costs, and improve quality through
mechanisms like Medicaid expansion and insurance exchanges, emphasizing the importance of provider
accountability and public accessibility.
(Don’t mess with the cover page, I will do it)
1. For each of the following periods, identify and describe the events or circumstances that resulted in the change from one period to the
next. (For example, during the period identified as “public-supported programs”, Medicare and Medicaid legislation was enacted.
What were the circumstances that lead to the passage of this significant piece of legislation?). You might find pages 150-152 helpful.
• 1900s to 1942 – Pre-healthcare insurance
• 1943 to 1965 – Employer health insurance plans introduced
• 1965 to Late ’60s – Public-supported healthcare programs introduced (Medicare and Medicaid)
• Late ’60s to 1990s – Cost-containment era
• 2000 to present – Public accessibility and provider accountability
In order to identify viable solutions to financing the current healthcare system, students need to have an understanding of how
the current system evolved and what factors influenced its evolution. The evolution of the current methods and financing
healthcare started at the turn of the 20th century with the concept of health insurance. In this exercise, the student is to
describe the evolution of financing the United States healthcare system starting from that period to the current time.
Answer:
For each of the following periods, identify and describe the events or circumstances that resulted in the change from one
period to the next. (For example, during the period identified as “public-supported programs,” Medicare and Medicaid
legislation was enacted. What were the circumstances that led to the passage of this significant piece of legislation?). You
might find pages 150-152 helpful.
• 1900s to 1942 – Pre-healthcare insurance
• 1943 to 1965 – Employer health insurance plans introduced
• 1965 to Late ’60s – Public-supported healthcare programs introduced (Medicare and Medicaid)
• Late ’60s to 1990s – Cost-containment era
• 2000 to present – Public accessibility and provider accountability
In order to identify viable solutions to financing the current healthcare system, students need to have an understanding of how
the current system evolved and what factors influenced its evolution. The evolution of the current methods and financing
healthcare started at the turn of the 20th century with the concept of health insurance. In this exercise, the student is to
describe the evolution of financing the United States healthcare system starting from that period to the current time.
Answer:
1. 1900s to 1942 – Pre-healthcare insurance
In the early 1900s, healthcare was mostly paid for out-of-pocket. There were no formal insurance programs, and
healthcare costs were primarily borne by patients. However, the need for financial assistance in healthcare grew
during this time due to rising medical costs and increased urbanization. As a result, employer-based insurance plans
began to gain attention, although they were not yet widespread.
2. 1943 to 1965 – Employer health insurance plans introduced
During World War II, employers began offering health insurance as a fringe benefit to attract and retain workers, as
wage controls during the war restricted salary increases. The introduction of employer-sponsored health insurance
grew due to the economic pressures of the war, labor shortages, and a growing desire for healthcare security among
workers. The government supported this shift by making employer-provided health insurance premiums tax-
deductible, further promoting the expansion of these plans.
3. 1965 to Late ’60s – Public-supported healthcare programs introduced (Medicare and Medicaid)
In the mid-1960s, growing concern about access to healthcare for the elderly and low-income populations led to the
creation of Medicare and Medicaid. Medicare provided health coverage for Americans aged 65 and older, while
Medicaid was established to assist low-income individuals and families. The push for these programs was driven by
the recognition that a significant portion of the population lacked access to health insurance and the rising costs of
healthcare.
4. Late ’60s to 1990s – Cost-containment era
By the late 1960s and 1970s, the increasing costs of healthcare led to efforts at cost-containment. The government
and private insurers sought to control the growth in healthcare expenditures through methods like diagnosis-related
groups (DRGs) and managed care. This era saw the introduction of various cost-control strategies as healthcare
expenditures became a major concern for both policymakers and consumers.
5. 2000 to present – Public accessibility and provider accountability
In the 2000s, the focus shifted toward improving public access to healthcare services and holding providers
accountable for the quality of care. The passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in 2010 expanded healthcare
coverage to millions of uninsured Americans, while also implementing reforms to make healthcare delivery more
efficient and transparent. The ACA aimed to increase healthcare access, reduce costs, and improve quality through
mechanisms like Medicaid expansion and insurance exchanges, emphasizing the importance of provider
accountability and public accessibility.
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Healthcare