Back to AI Flashcard MakerAnatomy and Physiology /A-LEVEL PE (OCR): Cardiovascular & Respiratory System Part 1

A-LEVEL PE (OCR): Cardiovascular & Respiratory System Part 1

Anatomy and Physiology35 CardsCreated 6 days ago

This deck covers key concepts related to the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, including definitions, pathways, and physiological processes.

Define PULMONARY CIRCUIT

CIRCULATION of blood through PULMONARY ARTERY to the LUNGS and PULMONARY VEIN back to the HEART
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
Define PULMONARY CIRCUIT
CIRCULATION of blood through PULMONARY ARTERY to the LUNGS and PULMONARY VEIN back to the HEART
Define SYSTEMIC CIRCUIT
CIRCULATION of blood through the AORTA to the BODY and VENA CAVA back to the HEART
Define MYOGENIC
The capacity of the heart to generate its own electrical impulse, which causes the cardiac muscle to contract
Define DIASTOLE
The RELAXATION phase of cardiac muscle where the chambers fill with blood
Define SYSTOLE
The CONTRACTION phase of cardiac muscle where the blood is forcibly ejected into the aorta and pulmonary artery
Define AORTA
The aorta is the largest artery in the body. The heart pumps blood from the left ventricle into the aorta through the aortic valve.

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TermDefinition
Define PULMONARY CIRCUIT
CIRCULATION of blood through PULMONARY ARTERY to the LUNGS and PULMONARY VEIN back to the HEART
Define SYSTEMIC CIRCUIT
CIRCULATION of blood through the AORTA to the BODY and VENA CAVA back to the HEART
Define MYOGENIC
The capacity of the heart to generate its own electrical impulse, which causes the cardiac muscle to contract
Define DIASTOLE
The RELAXATION phase of cardiac muscle where the chambers fill with blood
Define SYSTOLE
The CONTRACTION phase of cardiac muscle where the blood is forcibly ejected into the aorta and pulmonary artery
Define AORTA
The aorta is the largest artery in the body. The heart pumps blood from the left ventricle into the aorta through the aortic valve.
Define VENA CAVAE
Venae cavae are the two largest veins in the body. These blood vessels carry oxygen-depleted blood from various regions of the body to the right atrium of the heart
Define HEART RATE
The number of times the heart beats per minute
Define STROKE VOLUME
The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle per beat
Define CARDIAC OUTPUT
The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle per minute.
What is the pathway of blood ? (VAVA ect)
Vena cava
What is the equation for cardiac output ?
HR x SV =
What is the CARDIAC CYCLE ?
Atrial Diastole
What is the CONDUCTION SYSTEM ?
SA Node
How to the CARDIAC CYCLE and the CONDUCTION SYSTEM work together ?
Atrial Diastole
Define REGULATION
A rule or directive made and maintained by an authority
Define AUTONOMIC
Involuntary or unconscious
Define SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
Part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for increasing HR
Define PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
Part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for decreasing HR
Define MEDULLA OBLONGATA
A portion of the hindbrain that controls autonomic functions
Define CCC
Cardiac Control Centre
Define HORMONAL
Containing a hormone or hormones
Define VENOUS RETURN
The return of the blood to the right atria through the veins
Define ADRENALINE
A hormone secreted by the adrenal glands that increases rates of blood circulation, breathing, and carbohydrate metabolism and prepares muscles for exertion
Define FIRING RATE
The amount of neurons firing at a given time
What are the 3 components of NEURAL FACTORS ?
Chemoreceptors - increase in CO2
What is the one component of HORMONAL FACTORS ?
Adrenaline - increases HR
What are the components of INTRINSIC FACTORS ?
Temperature
What are the 5 components in VENOUS RETURN ?
Pocket valve
What is RCC ?
Respiratory Control Centre
What are the 2 centres in the RCC ?
Expiratory centre
What nerve is linked with the EXPIRATORY CENTRE and where does it go to ?
INTERCOSTAL NERVE - external intercostal muscles
What nerve is linked with the INSPIRATORY CENTRE and where does it go to ?
PHRENIC NERVE - diaphragm
What 3 components are in the VASCUALR SHUNT ?
Vasoconstriction
What is VASOCONSTRICTION ?
When the lumen gets smaller - limiting blood flow