Back to AI Flashcard MakerAnatomy and Physiology /A-LEVEL PE (OCR): Cardiovascular & Respiratory System Part 1
A-LEVEL PE (OCR): Cardiovascular & Respiratory System Part 1
This deck covers key concepts related to the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, including definitions, pathways, and physiological processes.
Define PULMONARY CIRCUIT
CIRCULATION of blood through PULMONARY ARTERY to the LUNGS and PULMONARY VEIN back to the HEART
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Define PULMONARY CIRCUIT
CIRCULATION of blood through PULMONARY ARTERY to the LUNGS and PULMONARY VEIN back to the HEART
Define SYSTEMIC CIRCUIT
CIRCULATION of blood through the AORTA to the BODY and VENA CAVA back to the HEART
Define MYOGENIC
The capacity of the heart to generate its own electrical impulse, which causes the cardiac muscle to contract
Define DIASTOLE
The RELAXATION phase of cardiac muscle where the chambers fill with blood
Define SYSTOLE
The CONTRACTION phase of cardiac muscle where the blood is forcibly ejected into the aorta and pulmonary artery
Define AORTA
The aorta is the largest artery in the body. The heart pumps blood from the left ventricle into the aorta through the aortic valve.
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Define PULMONARY CIRCUIT | CIRCULATION of blood through PULMONARY ARTERY to the LUNGS and PULMONARY VEIN back to the HEART |
Define SYSTEMIC CIRCUIT | CIRCULATION of blood through the AORTA to the BODY and VENA CAVA back to the HEART |
Define MYOGENIC | The capacity of the heart to generate its own electrical impulse, which causes the cardiac muscle to contract |
Define DIASTOLE | The RELAXATION phase of cardiac muscle where the chambers fill with blood |
Define SYSTOLE | The CONTRACTION phase of cardiac muscle where the blood is forcibly ejected into the aorta and pulmonary artery |
Define AORTA | The aorta is the largest artery in the body. The heart pumps blood from the left ventricle into the aorta through the aortic valve. |
Define VENA CAVAE | Venae cavae are the two largest veins in the body. These blood vessels carry oxygen-depleted blood from various regions of the body to the right atrium of the heart |
Define HEART RATE | The number of times the heart beats per minute |
Define STROKE VOLUME | The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle per beat |
Define CARDIAC OUTPUT | The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle per minute. |
What is the pathway of blood ? (VAVA ect) | Vena cava |
What is the equation for cardiac output ? | HR x SV = |
What is the CARDIAC CYCLE ? | Atrial Diastole |
What is the CONDUCTION SYSTEM ? | SA Node |
How to the CARDIAC CYCLE and the CONDUCTION SYSTEM work together ? | Atrial Diastole |
Define REGULATION | A rule or directive made and maintained by an authority |
Define AUTONOMIC | Involuntary or unconscious |
Define SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM | Part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for increasing HR |
Define PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM | Part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for decreasing HR |
Define MEDULLA OBLONGATA | A portion of the hindbrain that controls autonomic functions |
Define CCC | Cardiac Control Centre |
Define HORMONAL | Containing a hormone or hormones |
Define VENOUS RETURN | The return of the blood to the right atria through the veins |
Define ADRENALINE | A hormone secreted by the adrenal glands that increases rates of blood circulation, breathing, and carbohydrate metabolism and prepares muscles for exertion |
Define FIRING RATE | The amount of neurons firing at a given time |
What are the 3 components of NEURAL FACTORS ? | Chemoreceptors - increase in CO2 |
What is the one component of HORMONAL FACTORS ? | Adrenaline - increases HR |
What are the components of INTRINSIC FACTORS ? | Temperature |
What are the 5 components in VENOUS RETURN ? | Pocket valve |
What is RCC ? | Respiratory Control Centre |
What are the 2 centres in the RCC ? | Expiratory centre |
What nerve is linked with the EXPIRATORY CENTRE and where does it go to ? | INTERCOSTAL NERVE - external intercostal muscles |
What nerve is linked with the INSPIRATORY CENTRE and where does it go to ? | PHRENIC NERVE - diaphragm |
What 3 components are in the VASCUALR SHUNT ? | Vasoconstriction |
What is VASOCONSTRICTION ? | When the lumen gets smaller - limiting blood flow |