A-LEVEL PE (OCR): PAPER 1 - Cardiovascular & Respiratory System Part 2
This flashcard set covers fundamental concepts in cardiovascular and respiratory physiology, including vasodilation, pre-capillary sphincter function, the effect of temperature on venous return and cardiac output, and the active or passive nature of inspiration and expiration at rest and during exercise.
What is VASODIALATION ?
when the lumen gets bigger - increasing blood flow
Key Terms
What is VASODIALATION ?
when the lumen gets bigger - increasing blood flow
What do PRE-CAPILLARY SPHINTERS do ?
open and close to allow blood to flow through capillaries
How does temperature link to venous return ?
temp increases - viscosity decrease - venous return increase - (SV) stroke volume increase = (Q) cardian output increase.
INSPIRATION REST active or passive ?
active
EXPIRATION REST active or passive ?
passive
INSPIRATION EXERCISE active or passive ?
active
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What is VASODIALATION ? | when the lumen gets bigger - increasing blood flow |
What do PRE-CAPILLARY SPHINTERS do ? | open and close to allow blood to flow through capillaries |
How does temperature link to venous return ? | temp increases - viscosity decrease - venous return increase - (SV) stroke volume increase = (Q) cardian output increase. |
INSPIRATION REST active or passive ? | active |
EXPIRATION REST active or passive ? | passive |
INSPIRATION EXERCISE active or passive ? | active |
| active |
What muscles are involved with IR ? | diaphragm | external intercostal |
What muscles are involved with ER ? | none |
What muscles are involved in IE ? | diaphragm |
What muscles are involved in EE ? | internal intercostal | rectus abdominalis |
IR : DIAPHRAGM | contracts and flattens |
IR : RIBS | up and out |
ER : DIAPHRAGM | relaxes |
ER : RIBS | down and in |
| further up and out |
EE : RIBS | forced down and in |
IR : RESULT | decrease in pressure in THORATIC CAVITY air is brought into the lungs |
ER : RESULT | increase in pressure in THORATIC CAVITY air is pushed out |
IE : RESULT | decrease in pressure in THORATIC CAVITY MORE air is brought in |
EE : RESULT | increase in pressure in THORATIC CAVITY air is FORCED OUT |
What is PARTIAL PRESSURE ? | concentration of gas in a space |
What is DIFFUSION GRADIENT ? | gas moves from high pp to low pp |
What is DIFFUSION ? | movement of particles across a partially permeable membrane (1 cell thick) down a diffusion gradient |
What are the 2 "features" in the EXTERNAL SITE ? | alveoli and capillary |
What are the 2 "features" in the INTERNAL SITE ? | muscle fibre and capillary |
How many oxygen can haemoblobin hold ? | 4 |
What is the product of oxygen and haemoglobin ? | oxyhaemoglobin |
Where is there a high PP of O2 at the external site ? | in the alveoli / lungs |
Where is there a high PP of CO2 at the external site ? | in the capillary |
Where is there a low PP of O2 at the external site ? | in the capillary |
Where is there a low PP of CO2 at the external site ? | in the alveoli / lungs |
What is a partially permeable membrane ? | a membrane that is one cell thick |
After the external site, where does the blood go ? | LA / LV / AORTA / MUSCLE |
How many oxygen disassociate from the haemoglobin at the internal site ? | 2 |