A-LEVEL PE (OCR): PAPER 1 - Recovery, Altitude and Heat

Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption

- the VOLUME of oxygen consumed post exercise to return the body to a pre-exercise state

the VOLUME of OXYGEN that would be required to complete an ACTIVITY entirely AEROBICALLY

• fast component of recovery

- slow component of recovery

• 
  intensity

- duration

• smaller oxygen deficit

• oxygen consumption is quickly met

• limits use of anaerobic energy systems

• large oxygen deficit

• oxygen demand is not met

• lactic acid accumulates

10%

1-4 litres

• replenish blood and muscle oxygen

- resynthesis ATP and PC stores

• 
  within first minute oxygen resaturates blood stream

• o2 associated with Hb

• oxy-myoglobin link in muscle cells

first 3mins aerobic energy production continues = energy for resynthesis

5-8 litres

• provision of energy to maintain ventilation, circulation and body temperature

• removal of lactic acid and replenishment of glycogen

• rate and depth of breathing increases to provide muscles with o2

• remains elevated and gradually decreases to maximise delivery of o2 and remove co2

1-2%

• every 1 celsius rise = 13-15% metabolic rate increase

- remains elevated for several hours

60-70%

• lactic acid converts back to pyruvic acid

- then oxidised or converted into glycogen

• 50-75%

• in the mitochondria

• re-entering the KREBs

10-25%

• respiratory / heart / metabolic rates increase

• minimises time spent using anaerobic energy systems

• reduces oxygen deficit = less o2 to ‘pay back’

• 
  maintain heart and respiratory rates flushing them with oxygenated blood

• speed up lactic acid removal

• reduces slow component length

• 40-60% VO2 Max is advised

• lower muscle and blood temp

- reduce demands of slow component

the PRESSURE exerted by the earth’s ATMOSPHERE at any given point

rate of O2 diffusion decreases = reducing Hb saturation = poor O2 transportation

• breathing frequency increase

• blood volume decrease

• SV decrease

• maximal HR, SV, Q decrease

• reduced aerobic capacity and VO2 Max

• increased lactic acid production

• early fatigue

gradual ADAPTATION to a CHANGE in the ENVIRONMENT

• release of EPO

• 6 week = 14% blood cell increase

• f and VE stabilise

• SV and Q reduce

37oC

process of MAINTAINING internal core temperature

SENSORY RECEPTORS which sense a CHANGE in temperature and RELAY information to the brain

loss of WATER in BODY TISSUE, largely caused by SWEATING

metabolic heat is transported by CIRCULATING BLOOD to the surface of the skin for EVAPORATION

increases sweating

decreases sweating

significantly raised core body temperature

• high and prolonged intensity

• high air temps

• high relative humidity

prolonged exercise in heat = increased rate of muscular contraction = metabolic heat = not removed quick enough to maintain core temp

upward drift in HR during SUSTAINED steady-state activity

• dilation in capillaries = increased blood flow and pooling in the limbs

• decreased venous return, SV, Q, blood pressure = increased HR to compensate, reduced O2 transport

• difficulty breathing due to increased mucus production

• decreased volume of air for gaseous exchange

• increased breathing frequency = increase o2 demand