A-LEVEL PE (OCR): PAPER 1 - The Muscular System Part 2
This flashcard set lists the primary agonist muscles responsible for key movements at the knee and ankle joints: biceps femoris for knee flexion, rectus femoris for knee extension, gastrocnemius and soleus for ankle plantarflexion, and tibialis anterior for ankle dorsiflexion.
KNEE : FLEXION : AGONIST
bicep femoris
Key Terms
KNEE : FLEXION : AGONIST
bicep femoris
KNEE : EXTENSION : AGONIST
rectus femoris
ANKLE : PLANTAR FLEXION : AGONIST
gastrocnemius & soleus
ANKLE : DORSI FLEXION : AGONIST
tibialis anterior
What plane is flexion in ?
sagittal
What plane is extension in ?
sagittal
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
KNEE : FLEXION : AGONIST | bicep femoris |
KNEE : EXTENSION : AGONIST | rectus femoris |
ANKLE : PLANTAR FLEXION : AGONIST | gastrocnemius & soleus |
ANKLE : DORSI FLEXION : AGONIST | tibialis anterior |
What plane is flexion in ? | sagittal |
What plane is extension in ? | sagittal |
What plane is adduction in ? | frontal |
What plane is abduction in ? | frontal |
What plane is medial rotation in ? | horizontal |
What plane is lateral rotation in ? | horizontal |
What plane in horizontal flexion in ? | horizontal |
What plane in horizontal extension in ? | horizontal |
What are the three muscle types ? |
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What are slow oxidative muscle fibres designed to do ? |
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What are fast oxidative muscle fibres designed to do ? |
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What are fast glycolytic muscle fibres designed to do ? |
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What is a MOTOR NEURON ? | a NERVE CELL which transmits a NERVE IMPULSE to a group of MUSCLE FIBRES |
What is a MOTOR UNIT ? | a MOTOR NEURON and the MUSCLE FIBRE stimulated by its AXON |
What is ACTION POTENTIAL ? | POSITIVE ELECTRICAL CHARGE inside the NERVE and MUSCLE CELL which conducts the NERVE IMPULSE down the NEURON and into the MUSCLE FIBRE |
What is a NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION ? | where the axon's MOTOR END PLATES meets the MUSCLE FIBRE |
What is a SYNAPTIC CLEF ? | the small gap between the motor end plates and the muscle fibre |
What is a NEUROTRANSMITTER ? | a CHEMICAL produced that carries the ELECTRICAL IMPULSES across the SYNAPTIC CLEF and to the MUSCLE FUBRE |
Define MITOCHONDRIA | a STRUCTURE in the SARCOPLASM responsible for AEROBIC ENERGY PRODUCTION |
Define MYOGLOBIN | a PROTEIN in the muscle responsible for TRANSPORTING OXYGEN to the MITOCHONDRIA |
Define AEROBIC | low intensity, long-duration exercise in the presence of oxygen |
Define ANAEROBIC | high intensity, short-duration exercise without the presence of oxygen |
Define FATIGUE | a SUBJECTIVE feeling of tiredness that has a GRADUAL ONSET and can have physical and mental causes |
Define ELASTICITY | the ABILITY of an object or material to RESUME its normal shape after being stretched or compressed |
Define GLYCOGEN LOADING | the MANIPULATION of CARBOHYDRATE INTAKE in the week before competition to maximize stores of glycogen |
Define CAPILLARY | a FINE BRANCHING blood vessel that connects an artery to a vein |
Define DENSITY | a measurement that compares an objects mass to volume |
Define PHOSPHOCTREATINE | a HIGH-ENERGY COMPOUND store in the muscle cell used as a FUEL for high intensity energy production |
Define GLYCOGEN | glycogen is a READILY MOBILIZED storage form of glucose and is the MAIN FUEL SOURCE for our cells |
What is ACETYLCHOLINE | the NEURONTRANSMITTER used at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION |