Diseases and Disorders

Name: Diseases and Disorders
Brand: Arizona State University
Price: 2 USD
Availability: InStock
Author: Sophia Johnson

A lab-based exploration of various diseases and disorders, focusing on their causes and effects.

Sophia Johnson

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BIO112 Diseases and Disorders
Name:
Date:
Instructor’s Name:
Assignment: BIO112 Phase 5 Lab Report
TITLE: Diseases and Disorders
INSTRUCTIONS: Enter the Virtual Lab, and examine the areas of the heart. Then,
proceed to examine test results for each patient. Please type your answers. When your lab
report is complete, e-mail this document to your instructor.
Part I: Examine the human heart, and answer the following questions.
1. What do the coronary arteries supply blood to?
The coronary arteries deliver blood to the heart muscle, providing a continuous supply of
oxygen and nutrients needed for it to stay healthy and function normally.
2. Name 2 risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD).
Two risk factors of CAD are High blood pressure and overweight and obesity.
3. What is happening during a myocardial infarction (MI)?
When you are having an MI it means a heart attack.
Part II: Examine each patient’s results, and answer the following questions. Record the
patient’s lab values for use in your lab report in the following table:
Patient Age Height Weight Blood
Pressure
Blood
Sugar
Cholesterol /
Triglycerides
Steven 53 6’ 245 140/90
mm/hg
130mg/dL 195/30/520
mg/dL
Elijah 34 5’1 100 90/50
mm/hg
105
mg/dL
130/35/185
mg/dL
Betty 21 5’3 120 110/75
mm/Hg
80 mg/dL 90/65/90
mg/dL
Patient 1: Steven

4. Based on the image of Steven’s arteries, what can you determine about his health? Are
there indications of a particular risk? Explain your conclusions.
Based on the lab results provided for Steven, we can observe several factors that indicate a
potential health risk, particularly for cardiovascular conditions. Let's break down the important
elements of Steven's health data:
1. Blood Pressure:
o Steven’s blood pressure is 140/90 mmHg, which is considered high. This falls
within the range of stage 1 hypertension. High blood pressure is a major risk
factor for coronary artery disease (CAD) and other cardiovascular issues, such as
heart attack and stroke.
2. Blood Sugar:
o Steven’s blood sugar level is 130 mg/dL, which is on the higher side. It is above
the normal fasting blood sugar range of 70-99 mg/dL, indicating potential pre-
diabetes or insulin resistance. Chronic high blood sugar can increase the risk of
developing type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and other complications.
3. Cholesterol/Triglycerides:
o Steven’s cholesterol values are 195 mg/dL for total cholesterol, 30 mg/dL for
HDL (the “good” cholesterol), and 520 mg/dL for triglycerides.
o A total cholesterol of 195 mg/dL is within a generally acceptable range, but the
triglycerides are extremely high (normal is typically below 150 mg/dL).
Elevated triglycerides can contribute to the formation of fatty plaques in the
arteries, increasing the risk of atherosclerosis and heart disease.
o A low HDL (30 mg/dL) is concerning, as HDL is protective against heart
disease. Having low HDL increases the likelihood of plaque buildup in the
arteries.
Conclusion: Steven's high blood pressure, elevated blood sugar, and abnormal cholesterol levels
(especially high triglycerides and low HDL) indicate a high risk for cardiovascular diseases
such as coronary artery disease (CAD), atherosclerosis, or even a heart attack. The high
triglycerides and blood pressure in particular, combined with his age and weight, suggest that
Steven should seek medical advice to manage these risk factors and possibly undergo further
testing to assess the health of his arteries. Lifestyle changes (diet, exercise) and medication may
be recommended to help lower his cardiovascular risk.
5. Which of his lab values next to his image results would help indicate this risk? Explain.
The lab values next to Steven’s image results that help indicate his risk for cardiovascular issues,
particularly coronary artery disease (CAD), are the following:
1. Blood Pressure: 140/90 mmHg (Stage 1 Hypertension):
o Why it indicates risk: High blood pressure is one of the most significant risk
factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). Blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg is
considered elevated and falls under stage 1 hypertension, which can damage
blood vessels over time. This damage can contribute to plaque buildup in the
arteries (atherosclerosis), reducing blood flow to the heart and increasing the risk
of a heart attack or stroke.

2. Blood Sugar: 130 mg/dL:
o Why it indicates risk: A blood sugar level of 130 mg/dL is elevated, suggesting
pre-diabetes or potential insulin resistance. Elevated blood sugar levels can
damage blood vessels and increase the risk of CAD. Over time, chronic high
blood sugar can also contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes, which
significantly increases the risk of heart disease.
3. Cholesterol/Triglycerides:
o Total Cholesterol: 195 mg/dL (within an acceptable range)
o HDL (Good Cholesterol): 30 mg/dL (low)
o Triglycerides: 520 mg/dL (extremely high)
o Why they indicate risk:
▪ Low HDL (30 mg/dL): HDL is considered "good" cholesterol because it
helps remove bad cholesterol (LDL) from the bloodstream. A low HDL
level increases the risk of CAD because there is less protection against
plaque buildup in the arteries.
▪ High Triglycerides (520 mg/dL): Normal triglyceride levels are below
150 mg/dL. Steven’s triglyceride level is alarmingly high at 520 mg/dL.
High triglycerides are associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis
(plaque buildup in the arteries), which can lead to heart disease.
Explanation: Steven’s blood pressure, elevated blood sugar, and lipid profile (with low HDL
and extremely high triglycerides) are all red flags that point to an increased risk of coronary
artery disease (CAD). These values are consistent with metabolic syndrome, which is a cluster of
risk factors that increase the likelihood of developing cardiovascular diseases. Addressing these
values through lifestyle changes (e.g., exercise, diet) and medical intervention can help reduce
Steven’s cardiovascular risk.
6. What did the final image of Steven indicate? This image is an X-ray of his lungs.
The final image of Steven, which is an X-ray of his lungs, can provide important
information about his overall health and any potential complications related to his
cardiovascular system. While an X-ray of the lungs primarily focuses on respiratory
issues, it can also reveal signs that may be related to heart problems, particularly if there
is heart failure or fluid buildup in the lungs.
Key indicators that might be visible on a lung X-ray related to Steven's
cardiovascular health:
1. Signs of Heart Failure (Pulmonary Edema):
o What it looks like: Fluid accumulation in the lungs (pulmonary edema) could be
visible on the X-ray as white or hazy spots, especially in the lower portions of the
lungs. Pulmonary edema often occurs when the heart is not pumping blood
effectively, causing fluid to back up into the lungs.

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University

Arizona State University

Subject

Biology

Diseases and Disorders

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