Food and Culture 6th Edition Test Bank

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1-1© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for useas permitted in alicense distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.Test Bank1forFood and Culture6eChapter 1: Food and CultureMultiple Choice Questions1.What is the fastest-growing ethnic group in the U.S.?a.Latinosb.Chinesec.Asiansd.African American2.Which of the following is a definition ofculture?a.The beliefs, attitudes, values,and practices of a community of individualsb.The regional geography versus the local foodsc.The ability to choose fine wines and enjoyment of operad.Is determined by the country in which a person was borne.All of the above3.The multiplicity of ways in which humans use food is termeda.food habits.b.food culture.c.food ways.d.all of the above4.The need for humans to experiment with food choices but at the same time be conservative is called:a.theomnivore’sparadox.b.assimilation.c.the Americanparadox.d.ethnocentrism.5.The process of handing down the manners and understandings in common to a culture from onegeneration to the next would be a good definition fora.bicultural.b.assimilation.c.enculturation.d.acculturation.e.intra-ethnic variation.6.Children learn food preferences from valued or trusted others. Who has theleastlong-lastinginfluence?a.Teachersb.Peersc.Older siblingsd.Parents1By Tawni Holmes, Ph.D., R.D., University of Central Oklahoma

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1-2© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for useas permitted in alicense distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.7.Culturally specific preferences become apparent around what age?a.2 yearsb.3-6 yearsc.Teen yearsd.Adulthood8.Rules regarding_____ determinewho can dine together.a.commensalismb.ethnocentrismc.prejudiced.class9.Following theflavorprinciplesmodel, herbs and spices:a.help palatability.b.disguise spoiled foods.c.produce physiological responses.d.all of the above10.Cultural membership or social identity is defined bya.culture.b.race.c.ethnicity.d.acculturation.11.According to theconsumerfoodchoicemodel, what factor(s) influence(s) food selection?a.Tasteb.Well-beingc.Convenienced.All of the abovee.a and c12.How many ethnicities were identified by the Canadian census in 2006?a.200b.50c.10d.2113.Complex rules that define how humans eat meals are calleda.traditions.b.customs.c.manners.d.foodways.14.Which is an example of an incorporation of food association?a.Rare meat to build muscleb.Walnuts to improve brain functionc.Eating of insects as a protein sourced.a and be.All of the above

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1-3© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for useas permitted in alicense distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.15.Bread is often used as a symbol in many cultures. A symbolic use of bread might meana.bread representing an association with a religious value.b.breadbeingeaten by almost every group of people.c.bread type (whole wheat versus white) being used to show higher or lower status.d.a and be.a and c16.Foods that satisfy the basic need for food familiaritythat areeaten during personal events or times ofstress are calleda.food associations.b.superfoods.c.soul food.d.comfort foods.17.An example of a foodthat was renamedin order to assert a new cultural identity is:a.freedom fries.b.dim sum.c.turkey wheat.d.kimchis.18.As peoples become acculturated, which habits are likely to be the last to change?a.Languageb.Traditional clothingc.Food habitsd.None of the above19.Food categorizations that are widely recognized include all of the following except:a.body image foods.b.cultural superfoods.c.sympathetic magic foods.d.food groups.e.Choices a, b, c, and d are all widely recognized food categorizations.20.According to thecore andcomplementaryfoodsmodel, foods that are eaten sporadically and are anindicator of individual food preference are:a.peripheral foods.b.core foods.c.secondary foods.d.complementary foods.21.Two main protein foods eaten by Greeks virtually daily include lamb and legumes. These would beexamples ofa.indigenous foods.b.secondary core foods.c.core foods.d.peripheral foods.22.Changes in food behavior happen most often with:a.core foods.b.secondary foods.c.peripheral foods.d.complementary foods.

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1-4© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for useas permitted in alicense distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.23.The soil texture, minerals, drainage, source of water, temperature,etc.withwhich grapes are grownis called:a.agriculture.b.terroir.c.region.d.cultural identity.24.The assumption that cultures progress from under-developed to developed through structural andfood culture changes is termed the _____.a.social dynamic of modernizationb.developmental perspective of food culturec.consumer food choice modeld.none of the above25.Garam masalais a distinct flavor principle associated with which ethnicity?a.Brazilianb.Chinesec.Frenchd.Asian Indian26.Which of the following isanimportant consideration when defining a meal?a.Order of foods servedb.Preparationc.Portion sized.All of the above27.A meal is defined differently in various cultures. Among the elements that differ regarding a meal area.number of meal courses.b.rules of sequence; for example, the salad should always be served before the main course.c.what is considered a meal vs. what is considered a snack; for example, for it to be called a meal,utensils must be used; otherwise what was eaten was just a snack.d.all of the abovee.none of the above28.The term that describes eating more food than is customarily consumed daily for religious or otherspecial events is:a.feasting.b.fasting.c.grazing.d.gorging.29.The most universal of food taboos is:a.eating insects.b.cannibalism.c.eating dog meat.d.eating eggs.

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1-5© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for useas permitted in alicense distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.30.One classification system used to categorize foods is “edible” versus “inedible.” In this classification,to a Hindu vegetarian,chickenwould be considereda.inedible.b.edible by animals, but not by my kind.c.edible by humans, but not by me.d.edible by me.31.Food choices in all societies are driven by an inborn preference for what food flavors?a.Sugar and fatb.Saltand proteinc.Bitterand sweetd.Savoryand sour32.The vicarious enjoyment of eating through reading about it or watching food-related programs ontelevision is known as:a.mass marketing.b.overindulging.c.gorging.d.food porn.33.The primary factor in consumer food choice is:a.convenience.b.taste.c.self-identity.d.health benefit.34.What term describes anarea where no single ethnic group is the majority?a.Biculturationb.Mixed saladc.Cultural pluralityd.Intercultural35.When a smaller group, a minority group, moves into a larger, dominant culture, the process in whichthe minority group fully assumes the manners and values of the majority is calleda.bicultural.b.assimilation.c.enculturation.d.acculturation.e.intra-ethnic variation.36.If I believe that my culture/group has the “right and normal” way of eating, and all the othercultures that I read about eat “weird” food, my views area.ritualistic.b.ethnocentric.c.sociocentric.d.culturally relevant.e.culturally materialistic.

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1-6© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for useas permitted in alicense distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.37.What type of ethnic cuisine has been most tried at least once bythe greatest percentage ofpersons inthe United States?a.Italian (other than pizza)b.Mexicanc.Chinesed.aandbare equal38.Studies on type 2 diabetes suggest that which ethnicity has the lowest rates (although they are stillincreasing)?a.Hispanicsb.African Americansc.Native Americand.Whites39.Disparities related to health in the U.S. are seen in which of the following categories?a.Mortality ratesb.Chronic disease incidencec.Access to cared.All of the above40.A term used to describe overestimation of the association between group membership and individualbehavior, often seen as a pitfall in health care relationships, is:a.stereotyping.b.ethnocentrism.c.prejudice.d.biculturation.41.When considering diet in the context of other cultures, food habits can be classified according tonutritional impact. Which is the first thing that should be considered?a.Neutral food behaviorsb.Food behaviors that have harmful effectsc.Food use that has positive health consequences and should be encouragedd.Food habits that are unclassified42.A term used to describe the idea that foods from throughout the world are available and oftenaffordable, although there is a need for consistency and conservatism, is:a.omnivore’sparadox.b.Americanparadox.c.multiculturalism.d.culinary compass.43.A one-pot dish in America would be considered a meal if it contained:a.meat.b.vegetables.c.starch.d.must contain all of the above

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1-7© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for useas permitted in alicense distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.44.The integration of local, regional, and national phenomena into an unrestricted worldwideorganization is:a.globalization.b.modernization.c.commoditization.d.urbanization.45.The transition of a society from producers of indigenous foods to consumers of mass-produced foodsis called:a.consumerization.b.modernization.c.urbanization.d.globalization.True/False Questions_____1.One out of four Americans is of non-European origins._____2.Asians comprise the 3rdlargest group of immigrants to the U.S. at 10% of the population._____3.Dining out is one way that we demonstrate belongingness, status, and self-realization._____4.Biculturationcan be defined as a minority group member’s identity being completelysubmerged in or sublimated to the dominant cultural identity._____5.Flavor principles are the preparation and seasoning of foods to match the identifying spicesand ingredients of a culture._____6.Urbanization of a population is associated with maintenance of traditional food habits._____7.Traditional food choices are among the last factors to change in the process of acculturation._____8.The term “tossed salad” has replaced the idea of a “melting pot” because individualsmaintain their own identity—even when mixed together in a group._____9.Your self-identity related toyour role in life will affect your perception of what should andshould not be eaten for health._____10.Ethnicity has no relationship to health disparities in the United States.

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1-8© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for useas permitted in alicense distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.Matching Questionsa.Globalizationb.Modernizationc.Urbanizationd.Migratione.Enculturation_____1.Delocalization of food production and consumption connections_____2.The process of learning culturally specific preferences passed from generation to generation_____3.Products produced in distant parts of the world are eaten in another country_____4.The movement of populations from one country, region, or location to another_____5.Technological advances which lead to the production of food commoditiesShort Essay Questions1.Why is acculturation described as a process? When is the process complete?2.“Commensalism” regarding sharing food and dining together implies that something is owed toanother. What is owed in commensalism?3.Briefly define and give an example for each of the five categories of “edible” or “inedible” used as amethod of “food” classification.4.Give a specific example that reflects a health disparity associated with an ethnicity in the UnitedStates today.5.In the consumer choice model of food selection,many influences are discussed. Briefly discuss someof the primary factors that influence food choices for a single mother of young children who lives inthe “inner city” of a large urban area and who does not own her own car.

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1-9© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for useas permitted in alicense distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.Answer Key for Chapter 1Multiple Choice1.a(p. 1)2.a (p.6)3.d (p. 2)4.a (p. 2)5.c (p.6)6.d (p. 3)7.b (p. 5)8.a (p. 5)9.d (p. 8)10.c (p. 6)11.d (pp. 13)12.a (p. 19)13.c (p. 2)14.d (p. 2)15.e (pp. 3-4)16.d (pp.4-5)17.a (p. 5)18.c (p. 6)19.e (p. 7)20.a (p. 7)21.c (p. 7)22.c (p. 8)23.b (p. 8)24.b(pp.11-12)25.d (p. 9)26.d (pp. 9-10)27.d (pp. 9-10)28.a (p. 10)29.b (p. 13)30.c (p. 13)31.a (p. 14)32.d (p. 16)33.b (p. 13)34.c (p. 19)35.b (p. 6)36.b (p. 6)37.d(p.24)38.d (p.20)39.d(p. 20)40.a (p. 23)41.c (p. 24)42.b (p. 25)43.d (p. 9)44.a (p. 11)45.a (p. 11)True/False1.T (p. 1)2.F (p. 1)3.T (p. 3)4.F (p. 6)5.T (p. 8)6.F (p. 11-12)7.T (p. 6)8.T (p. 24)9.T (p.16)10.F (pp.20, 21)Matching1.c (p.11)2.e (p. 6)3.a (p. 11)4.d (p. 11, 12)5.b (p. 11)Short Essay Questions (page references)1.p.62.p. 53.p.134.pp. 20-235.pp. 13-18

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2-1© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for useas permitted in alicense distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.Test Bank1forFood and Culture6eChapter 2: Traditional Health Beliefs and PracticesMultiple Choice Questions1.Approximately what percentageof adults in the U.S. used some form of CAM during the year 2007?a.50%b.72%c.38%d.12%2.Which of the following might be used as a definition of the biomedicalviewpointof health andillness?a.For disease to be present, there must be a physical cause; get rid of the cause (e.g.,bacteria orvirus) and the disease willbe eliminated.b.All disease comes from the words “dis” meaning opposite and “ease” meaning comfort.Makesure the spirit world is “comforted” and disease will be cured (e.g.,sacrifice something prized tothe gods).c.Mind and body are one unit,and to treat disease both the intangible world ofthemind and thephysical body must be taken into consideration (treat the whole person within his or herenvironment for symptoms to resolve).3.What is the belief of the “majority American worldview” in regard to fate?a.Believes in personal control over fateb.Believes fate controls the futurec.Believes illness is a result of fated.Only believes in fate if prescribed by physician4.A monochronistic view of time suggests:a.doing several things at once.b.doing only two things at a time.c.doing one thing at a time.d.doing nothing.5.What ethnicity believes that fulfilling social obligations is essential to health and that disharmonywith family or village members can result in illness?a.Gypsiesb.African Americansc.Middle Easternersd.Pacific Islanders6.When sickness is assumed to be due to the actions of the patient, reasons for illness might includea.bad weather, allergens, and pollution.b.viruses, bacteria, and parasites.c.food and exercise choices.d.interpersonal disharmony.e.conjury.1By Tawni Holmes, Ph.D., R.D., University of Central Oklahoma

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2-2© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for useas permitted in alicense distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.7.When a health care provider imposesher or hisbeliefs, practices,and values on a patient fromanother culture, what is this termed?a.Supernatural powersb.Cultural impositionc.Worldviewd.Biomedical approach8.Expression of emotions through bodily complaints is calleda.sympathetic qualities.b.thebiomedical approach.c.somatization.d.empacho.9.A state of complete physical, mental,and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease,defineswhat term?a.Biomedical approachb.Holistic medicinec.Botanical remediesd.Health10.General dietary guidelinesfor healththat are similar tothose oftheU.S.have been developed formany countries, and usually include what concept(s)?a.Five food groupsb.Using foods as medicine because of their intrinsic propertiesc.Balance and moderationd.Calorie restriction and physical activity11.Categorizing foods into “hot” and “cold” categories is a system used in a variety of cultures. Culturalgroups we have studied that use this system include those ofa.the Middle East.b.parts of Latin America.c.Italy and France.d.a and be.a, b, and c12.Sympathetic medicine and sympathetic magic use the wordsympatheticto meana.agreeably suited to disposition or mood.b.vibrations from being in harmony.c.items that have characteristics similar to human body parts or organs.13.Different cultures define illness differently. Which of the following is NOT considered a cause forillness by some culture in the world?a.Personal actionsb.Natural causesc.Inappropriate social interactionsd.Supernatural or magical causese.All are explanations of illness used by some cultures

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2-3© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for useas permitted in alicense distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.14.Culture-bound syndromes area.a holistic view of the total experiences of the patient.b.healers chosen by cost and convenience.c.culturally definedfolk illnessesthatmay be difficult to treat if not actually considered an illness.d.always due to witches and conjury issues.15.Witches, sorcerers, root doctors,and so on have the power to manipulate the natural or supernaturalworld througha.spells.b.evil spirits.c.conjury.d.humor systems.16.What are the most common type(s) of therapeutic substances?a.Biomedical pharmaceuticalsb.Acupuncturec.Diet prescriptionsd.All of the abovee.a and c17.In what type of medicine isthe bodyaidedto heal itself through non-invasive natural treatments?a.Osteopathicb.Biomedicalc.Supernatural healingd.Naturopathic18.Cultures use different therapies to cure illness.The practice of _____ is based on the tenant that “likecures like.”a.folk healingb.homeopathyc.ayurvedic medicined.naturopathic medicine19.What act defines dietary supplements as separate from food and drugs?a.DSHEAb.USDAc.FDAd.BotanicalLabelingAct20.The consecutive or concurrent use of multiple health care systems is calleda.biomedical healing.b.dual medicine.c.medical pluralism.d.ayurvedic medicine.21.Approximately how much do Americans currently spend on complementary and alternativemedicine annually?a.$11 billionb.$40 billionc.$1 milliond.$350 thousand

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2-4© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for useas permitted in alicense distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.22.The ancient Asian Indian system of healing is calleda.biomedicine.b.holistic therapy.c.ayurvedic medicine.d.traditionalChinese medicine.23.The “majority” describes what group in the United States?a.A multicultural mix of all culturesb.Mostwhites, plus otherethnic groupswith similar viewsc.Mexican American immigrantsd.Whites andNativeAmericans24.Which cultural group is an example of one that believes family should be involved in all health caredecisions?a.Jewsb.Middle Easternersc.Americansd.None of the above25.In which of the following areas does the biomedical worldview differ from the majority U.S. view?a.Personal control of fateb.Relationship to naturec.Role of the individuald.Perceptions of timee.None of the above26.The number ofadults over 65 years of agein the U.S. is expected to double by what year?a.2008b.2050c.2012d.202027.In relation to health, what type of attributes are most commonly associated with well-being?a.Behavioral characteristicsb.Physical (i.e.,skin, hair sheen, weight)c.Clinical features such as sore throatd.Routine laboratory measures28.What type of medicine uses pulses associated with internal organs, each with its own characteristics?a.Ayurvedic medicineb.Biomedicinec.Holistic medicined.TraditionalChinese medicine29.Thinness is often associated with poor diet and disease in all of the following cultures excepta.African.b.Caribbean Islander.c.Middle Eastern.d.American Indian.e.Thinness is associated with disease in all of these cultures.

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2-5© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for useas permitted in alicense distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.30.The yin and yang system of dietary planning is dominant in what cultural group?a.Chineseb.Americanc.Hispanicd.Swedish31.The hot-cold classification of foods identifies characteristics in the natural world associated with bodyhumors; which of the following is not one?a.Air-coldb.Earth-firec.Fire-hotd.Water-moist32.What term is used for the entire disease-illness process?a.Sicknessb.Diseasec.Illnessd.Deficiency33.Of the following, which is NOT one of the causes of disease as explained in the biomedical culture?a.Immediate causes (e.g.,bacterial infection)b.Underlying cause (e.g.,high cholesterol)c.Ultimate cause (e.g.,environmentalstresses)d.All of the above are causes34.Which of the following would be an example of sickness due to the patient?a.Heart disease from eating fatty foodsb.Getting struck by lightningc.Sickness from a virusd.All of the above35.The use of astrology for determining the health status of a personcoincides with what belief aboutsickness?a.Sicknessisdue to the social world.b.Sicknessisdue to the patient.c.Sicknessisdue to the natural world.d.None of the above36.Wind or bad air as a way of causing sickness is of particular concern to what cultural group?a.Arabsb.Mexicansc.Italiansd.All of the above37.A gaze that is believed by many to project harm on another person is calleda.a stare.b.the evil eye.c.bewitched.d.a seizure.

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2-6© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for useas permitted in alicense distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.38.All of the following are persons who perform conjury excepta.brujas.b.underworldmen.c.voodoo doctors.d.mano negro.39.What is the term for addressing the experience of illness, alleviating the infirmities of the sick, andresponding to the personal, familial, and social issues surrounding sickness?a.Cureb.Holistic medicinec.Treatmentd.Healing40.Who is most likely to use complementary and alternative medicine in the U.S.?a.Mid-to-upper class womenb.Young menc.The elderlyd.The poor who can’t afford health care41.Many botanical remedies are derived from plants and herbs. In general, the termbotanicalwouldincludea.leafy parts only used as teas.b.leafy partsand roots used in tisanes.c.all therapeutic parts of all plants.d.roots only, especially ground up and used in supplements.e.all parts that contain antioxidants.42.Healers who specialize in the use of herbal preparations in the American South are calleda.witch doctors.b.voodoo practitioners.c.root doctors.d.none of the above43.What is the practice where a spoon or coin is rubbed across the skin for healing or to relieve tensioncalled?a.Acupunctureb.Coiningc.Moxibustiond.Massage44.To relieve yin (too much cold), a small burning bundle of herbs is used to restore balance of energy.What is this procedure called?a.Acupressureb.Coiningc.Moxibustiond.Scratching45.Sacred healers with exceptional powers among the Native American groups are calleda.medicine men.b.espiritos.c.curanderas.d.faith healers.

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