Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 11th Edition Test Bank

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1
Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology, 11e (Martini)
Chapter 1 An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology
Multiple Choice Questions
1) Anatomy is to ________ as physiology is to ________.
A) function; form
B) form; structure
C) structure; function
D) structure; form
E) growth; form
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 1-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
2) The analysis of the internal structure of individual cells is called
A) cytology.
B) histology.
C) embryology.
D) physiology.
E) anatomy.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 1-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
3) The study of the general form and superficial markings of an organism is called ________
anatomy.
A) gross
B) surface
C) systemic
D) regional
E) surgical
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 1-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
4) Anatomical features that change during illness are studied in ________ anatomy.
A) gross
B) surface
C) microscopic
D) pathological
E) regional
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 1-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering

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5) The study of the first two months of development is termed
A) histology.
B) embryology.
C) cytology.
D) pathology.
E) organology.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 1-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
6) The study of the function of specific organ systems is called
A) systemic physiology.
B) organ physiology.
C) cell physiology.
D) pathological physiology.
E) histology.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 1-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
7) Cardiovascular function is an example of
A) histophysiology.
B) organ physiology.
C) systemic physiology.
D) pathological physiology.
E) physiological chemistry.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 1-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
8) The study of the liver is to gross anatomy as the study of a liver cell is to
A) physiology.
B) regional anatomy.
C) cytology.
D) systemic anatomy.
E) radiographic anatomy.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 1-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering

3
9) Identify the branch of biological science that studies the external and internal structure of the
body and the physical relationship among body parts.
A) genetics
B) physiology
C) embryology
D) anatomy
E) cytology
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 1-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
10) Identify the branch of biological science that deals with the study of how living organisms
perform their vital functions.
A) genetics
B) physiology
C) embryology
D) anatomy
E) cytology
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 1-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
11) The study of the changes in form that occur between conception and physical maturity is
called ________ anatomy.
A) developmental
B) clinical
C) systemic
D) embryological
E) physiological
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 1-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
12) The study of the anatomical organization of specific areas of the body is called ________
anatomy.
A) gross
B) surface
C) systemic
D) regional
E) clinical
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 1-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering

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13) The study of the relationships of the body's structures by examining cross sections of tissues
or organs is called ________ anatomy.
A) gross
B) surface
C) systemic
D) regional
E) sectional
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 1-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
14) Which of the following is arranged in correct order from the most complex to the simplest?
A) cellular, tissue, molecular, system, organ, organism
B) molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism
C) tissue, cellular, molecular, organ, system, organism
D) organ, organism, molecular, cellular, tissue, system
E) organism, system, organ, tissue, cellular, molecular
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 1-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyzing
15) Which organ system provides support, protection of soft tissue, mineral storage, and blood
formation?
A) integumentary
B) muscular
C) skeletal
D) nervous
E) endocrine
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 1-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
16) Which organ system transports nutrients, metabolic wastes, gases, and defense cells?
A) cardiovascular
B) digestive
C) muscular
D) respiratory
E) urinary
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 1-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering

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17) Which organ system includes the spleen and the tonsils?
A) digestive
B) endocrine
C) nervous
D) cardiovascular
E) lymphatic
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 1-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
18) The kidneys and ureters are organs of the ________ system.
A) endocrine
B) digestive
C) respiratory
D) urinary
E) lymphatic
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 1-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
19) The pituitary gland and thyroid gland are organs of the ________ system.
A) endocrine
B) cardiovascular
C) respiratory
D) lymphatic
E) digestive
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 1-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
20) Which organ system removes carbon dioxide from the bloodstream?
A) cardiovascular
B) lymphatic
C) respiratory
D) digestive
E) endocrine
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 1-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering

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21) Lungs are to the respiratory system as the liver is to the ________ system.
A) lymphatic
B) urinary
C) digestive
D) cardiovascular
E) nervous
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 1-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
22) Skin, hair, and nails are associated with the ________ system.
A) skeletal
B) muscular
C) integumentary
D) endocrine
E) immune
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 1-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
23) A chemical imbalance in the body can cause the heart to stop pumping blood, which in turn
will cause other tissues and organs to cease functioning. This observation supports the view that
A) all organisms are composed of cells.
B) all levels of organization within an organism are interdependent.
C) chemical molecules make up cells.
D) blood has magical properties.
E) congenital defects can be life-threatening.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 1-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying
24) In general, the nervous system does each of the following except
A) help to maintain homeostasis.
B) respond rapidly to change.
C) direct long-term responses to change.
D) direct very specific responses.
E) interpret sensory information.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 1-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding

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25) Which one of the following is not a characteristic of the endocrine system?
A) releases chemical messengers called hormones
B) produces a more rapid response than the nervous system
C) produces effects that last for days or longer
D) produces an effect that involves several organs or tissues at the same time
E) important homeostatic system
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 1-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
26) Systemic physiology is
A) the study of the effects of diseases on system functions.
B) the study of the function of specific organs.
C) the study of the functional chemistry of cells.
D) the study of all aspects of the functioning of specific organs systems.
E) the study of functions of the whole human body.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 1-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
27) Anatomy uses a special language, called ________ terminology, which involves the use of
word roots, prefixes, suffixes, and combining forms to construct terms related to the body in
health and disease.
A) clinical
B) pathological
C) medical
D) anatomical
E) surgical
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 1-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
28) ________ serves as a worldwide official standard of anatomical vocabulary.
A) Gray's Anatomy
B) Terminologia Anatomica
C) Hippocratic Corpus
D) Anatomia Inteligencia
E) De Materia Medica
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 1-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering

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29) Many medical terms are rooted in
A) Latin.
B) German.
C) Greek.
D) Phoenician.
E) Greek or Latin.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 1-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
30) The quadrants of the abdominopelvic region include all of the following except
A) right upper quadrant (RUQ).
B) right lower quadrant (RLQ).
C) left upper quadrant (LUQ).
D) left lower quadrant (LLQ).
E) pelvic quadrant.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
31) Which of the following is not considered an abdominopelvic region?
A) right hypochondriac
B) right inguinal region
C) left lumbar
D) left hypochondriac
E) upper
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
32) A person who is standing facing forward with hands at the sides and palms facing forward is
in the ________ position.
A) supine
B) prone
C) anatomical
D) frontal
E) sagittal
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering

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33) An anatomical term that means the same as ventral is
A) posterior.
B) inferior.
C) abdominal.
D) anterior.
E) superior.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
34) The heart is ________ to the lungs.
A) lateral
B) medial
C) posterior
D) proximal
E) distal
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying
35) The wrist is ________ to the elbow.
A) proximal
B) distal
C) lateral
D) medial
E) horizontal
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying
36) The chin is ________ to the nose.
A) anterior
B) superior
C) posterior
D) inferior
E) medial
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying

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37) Which of the following regions corresponds to the buttocks?
A) pelvic
B) cephalic
C) gluteal
D) lumbar
E) thoracic
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
38) Which of the following terms refers to the foot?
A) cervical
B) brachial
C) antebrachial
D) femoral
E) pedal
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
39) Which plane divides the body into right and left parts?
A) proximal
B) frontal
C) orthogonal
D) transverse
E) sagittal
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
40) A midsagittal section of the body would pass through the
A) kidney.
B) lung.
C) heart.
D) spleen.
E) leg.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering

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41) The plane that separates the abdominal and the pelvic cavities is
A) the mediastinum.
B) sagittal on the brachium.
C) transverse at the hips.
D) midsagittal on the trunk.
E) superior to the thorax.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
42) Terms of anatomical direction are used to describe
A) one body part in relation to another.
B) surgical procedures.
C) a supine position.
D) the nervous system.
E) living matter.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying
43) While standing erect, the direction of caudal is
A) toward the head.
B) toward the heel.
C) lateral to the trunk.
D) medial to the sides.
E) posterior to the head.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying
44) While standing in the anatomical position,
A) front refers to anterior.
B) front refers to ventral.
C) back refers to posterior.
D) back refers to dorsal.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying

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45) The liver is primarily located in the ________ quadrant.
A) right upper
B) left upper
C) right lower
D) left lower
E) hepatic
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
46) The urinary bladder is found in the ________ quadrant and the ________ quadrant.
A) right upper; right lower
B) left upper; left lower
C) left upper; right upper
D) right lower; left lower
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
47) A person lying face down is in the ________ position.
A) anatomical
B) prone
C) supine
D) ventral
E) prostrate
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
48) A person lying on the bed and gazing at the ceiling is in the ________ position.
A) prone
B) supine
C) anatomical
D) dorsal
E) caudal
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering

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49) The common term for the buccal region is the
A) back.
B) waist.
C) breast.
D) cheeks.
E) buttocks.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
50) The common term for the carpal region is the
A) wrist.
B) fingers.
C) ankle.
D) shin.
E) chest.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
51) The common name for the pollex is the
A) ear lobe.
B) belly.
C) big toe.
D) hand.
E) thumb.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
52) The common name for the patella is the
A) forehead.
B) knee.
C) heel.
D) palm of the hand.
E) chin.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering

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53) A cut parallel to the midsagittal plane would produce a(n) ________ section.
A) frontal
B) transverse
C) oblique
D) parasagittal
E) coronal
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
54) The abdominopelvic region that is immediately superior to the umbilical region is the
A) hypogastric region.
B) left hypochondriac region.
C) right inguinal region.
D) epigastric region.
E) left lumbar region.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
55) The abdominopelvic region that is immediately superior to the hypogastric region is the
A) umbilical region.
B) left hypochondriac region.
C) right inguinal region.
D) epigastric region.
E) left lumbar region.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
56) The diaphragm muscle separates the ________ from the ________.
A) pleural cavity; mediastinum
B) thoracic cavity; abdominopelvic cavity
C) pericardial cavity; pleural cavity
D) abdominal cavity; pelvic cavity
E) pericardial sac; pericardial cavity
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 1-6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering

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57) The thoracic cavity contains the
A) coelom.
B) pericardial cavity.
C) pelvic cavity.
D) pleural cavities.
E) pericardial and pleural cavities.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 1-6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
58) The serous membrane covering the stomach and most of the intestines is called the
A) pericardium.
B) peritoneum.
C) pleura.
D) mediastinum.
E) abdomen.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 1-6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
59) Which of the following organs is described as retroperitoneal?
A) stomach
B) kidney
C) urinary bladder
D) large intestine
E) spleen
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 1-6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
60) The right pleural cavity contains
A) the heart.
B) the trachea.
C) the left lung.
D) the right lung.
E) both lungs.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 1-6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering

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61) Visceral pericardium is located
A) on the heart itself.
B) lining the pleural cavity.
C) lining the pericardial cavity.
D) on the lung itself.
E) lining the peritoneal cavity.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 1-6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
62) The mediastinum
A) contains the pleural cavities.
B) separates the pleural cavities.
C) contains the pericardial cavity.
D) contains the pleural cavities and pericardial cavity.
E) separates the pleural cavities and includes the pericardial cavity.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 1-6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
63) Identify the structure located within the mediastinum.
A) pericardial cavity
B) small intestine
C) lung
D) spleen
E) stomach
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 1-6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
64) Which of the following imaging techniques is used to monitor blood flow through specific
organs, such as the brain, heart, lungs, and kidneys?
A) PET scan
B) ultrasound
C) digital subtraction angiography
D) MRI
E) CT scan
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 1-6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying

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65) The ________ is the membrane that covers the internal organs.
A) parietal serosa
B) visceral serosa
C) mucous membrane
D) cutaneous membrane
E) serous membrane
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 1-6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
66) The ________ is the membrane that covers the inner surface of cavity walls.
A) parietal serosa
B) visceral serosa
C) mucous membrane
D) cutaneous membrane
E) serous membrane
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 1-6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
67) Which of the following imaging techniques causes particles within atoms to line up in
uniform direction allowing the imaging of soft tissue?
A) PET scan
B) ultrasound
C) digital subtraction angiography
D) MRI
E) CT scan
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 1-6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying
68) The imaging technique that assesses metabolic and physiological activity of a structure is
called a
A) PET scan.
B) ultrasound.
C) digital subtraction angiography.
D) MRI.
E) CT scan.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 1-6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying

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69) The imaging technique that builds an image by using sound waves reflected by internal
structures is called a
A) PET scan.
B) ultrasound.
C) digital subtraction angiography.
D) MRI.
E) CT scan.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 1-6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying
70) The central principle of physiology is
A) nutrition.
B) reflexes.
C) homeostasis.
D) stimulation.
E) temperature regulation.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 1-7
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
71) The maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment in an organism is termed
A) positive feedback.
B) homeostasis.
C) negative feedback.
D) effector control.
E) integration.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 1-7
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
72) The tendency for physiological systems to stabilize internal conditions is called
A) self-regulation.
B) homeostasis.
C) equilibriosis.
D) hemopoiesis.
E) amplification.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 1-7
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering

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73) Homeostatic regulation usually involves a(n) ________ that detects a particular stimulus, and
a(n) ________ that responds to the stimulus by communicating with a(n) ________ whose
activity has an effect on the same stimulus.
A) control center; effector; receptor
B) receiver; communicator; effector
C) receptor; control center; effector
D) effector; receiver; communicator
E) control center; receiver; effector
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 1-7
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
74) ________ results from the activities of the nervous or endocrine system.
A) Self-regulation
B) Automatic regulation
C) Intrinsic regulation
D) Extrinsic regulation
E) Autoregulation
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 1-7
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
75) The process that occurs when a cell, tissue, organ, or organ system adjusts in response to
some environmental change is
A) negative feedback.
B) positive feedback.
C) homeostatic equilibrium.
D) dynamic equilibrium.
E) autoregulation.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 1-7
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
76) When body temperature rises, a center in the brain initiates physiological changes to
decrease the body temperature. This is an example of
A) negative feedback.
B) positive feedback.
C) nonhomeostatic regulation.
D) diagnostic regulation.
E) fever.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 1-8
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding

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77) A cell or an organ that responds to commands of the control center in negative feedback is
termed a(n)
A) receptor.
B) thermoregulator.
C) hypothalamus.
D) effector.
E) stimulus.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 1-8
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
78) This type of feedback exaggerates the effects of variations from normal.
A) negative
B) positive
C) neutral
D) depressing
E) All of the answers are correct.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 1-8
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
79) If a response decreases a disturbance, the control system is classified as a ________ feedback
system.
A) deficit
B) negative
C) neutral
D) polarized
E) positive
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 1-8
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
80) If a response increases a disturbance, the control system is classified as a ________ feedback
system.
A) deficit
B) negative
C) neutral
D) polarized
E) positive
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 1-8
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding

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81) An example of a receptor in a negative feedback loop controlling body temperature would be
A) temperature sensors on the skin that detect a stimulus.
B) sweat glands that increase secretion.
C) regulatory centers that send commands to an effector.
D) effectors that cause blood vessels to dilate.
E) sweat glands that act like effectors.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 1-8
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
82) The integrating center for the negative feedback loop that regulates body temperature is the
A) hypothalamus.
B) skin.
C) temperature sensor.
D) positive feedback center.
E) thermostat.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 1-8
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
83) Disease is an indicator of
A) negative feedback.
B) signs and symptoms.
C) homeostatic failure.
D) positive feedback.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 1-8
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
84) In ________ a stimulus produces a response that opposes or negates the original stimulus.
A) negative feedback
B) positive feedback
C) homeostatic equilibrium
D) dynamic equilibrium
E) homeostasis
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 1-8
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding

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85) In ________ a stimulus produces a response that amplifies or enhances the original stimulus.
A) negative feedback
B) positive feedback
C) homeostatic equilibrium
D) dynamic equilibrium
E) homeostasis
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 1-8
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
In-Text Figure Based Questions
1) Are the following anatomical landmarks visible from the anterior or posterior view: dorsal,
gluteal, calcaneal? (Figure 1-3)
A) anterior
B) posterior
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
2) In which abdominopelvic quadrant and region is the stomach predominantly found? (Figure 1-
4)
A) right upper quadrant and epigastric region
B) left lower quadrant and umbilical region
C) left upper quadrant and epigastric region
D) right lower quadrant and umbilical region
E) left lower quadrant and hypochondriac region
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
3) Using directional references for a person in anatomical position, how would you describe the
relationship of the hand compared to the elbow? To the groin? (Figure 1-5)
A) proximal; medial
B) proximal; posterior
C) proximal; lateral
D) distal; medial
E) distal; lateral
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering

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4) Which plane separates the body into superior and inferior portions? Which plane separates the
body into anterior and posterior portions? (Figure 1-6)
A) transverse/horizontal; sagittal
B) sagittal; transverse/horizontal
C) frontal/coronal; sagittal
D) transverse/horizontal; frontal/coronal
E) frontal/coronal; transverse/horizontal
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
5) If a person's body temperature gets too high, the body will respond by decreasing its
temperature to restore homeostasis. What are some of the body's homeostatic responses to
decrease body temperature? (Figure 1-9)
A) blood vessels constrict, sweating increases
B) blood vessels are not affected but sweating decreases
C) blood vessels dilate, sweating increases
D) shivering increases
E) sweating decreases, shivering increases
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 1-8
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
Essay Questions
1) What is homeostatic regulation, and what is its physiological importance?
Answer: Homeostatic regulation refers to adjustments in physiological systems that are
responsible for the preservation of a constant internal environment. This enables cells to maintain
metabolism and the chemical environment that stabilizes the living state.
Learning Outcome: 1-7
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyzing
2) During exercise, blood flow to skeletal muscles increases. The initial response that increases
blood flow is automatic and independent of the nervous and endocrine systems. Which type of
homeostatic regulation is this? Why?
Answer: The initial increase in blood flow to active muscles is an example of autoregulation.
For example, when oxygen levels decline in a tissue, the cells release chemicals that dilate local
blood vessels. This dilation increases the rate of blood flow and provides more oxygen to the
region even before responses from the nervous or endocrine system take place. Autoregulation
does not require the nervous or endocrine system.
Learning Outcome: 1-7
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyzing

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3) Name the organs found in the thoracic cavity.
Answer: lungs, heart, trachea, esophagus, thymus, major blood vessels connected to the heart
Learning Outcome: 1-6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
4) Name the two upper abdominal quadrants and list the organs that lie in each.
Answer: right upper quadrant (RUQ): right lobe of liver, gallbladder, right kidney, portions of
stomach, large and small intestines; left upper quadrant (LUQ): left lobe of liver, stomach,
pancreas, left kidney, spleen, portions of large intestine
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
5) Explain what dynamic equilibrium is and how it affects homeostasis.
Answer: Dynamic equilibrium is defined by a system that is capable of adapting and adjusting to
changing conditions in order to maintain a normal range of values. In thermal regulation at
equilibrium heat loss is equal to heat production. As circumstances changing and our bodies
experience more muscle contraction we increase heat production. In order to maintain
equilibrium the body must shed excess heat produced by the muscles so that heat loss and heat
production are again equal or in equilibrium.
Learning Outcome: 1-8
Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying

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Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology, 11e (Martini)
Chapter 2 The Chemical Level of Organization
Multiple Choice Questions
1) The smallest stable units of matter are
A) atoms.
B) molecules.
C) protons.
D) neutrons.
E) electrons.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
2) The "atomic number" of an atom is determined by the number of ________ it has.
A) electrons
B) protons
C) neutrons
D) protons + neutrons
E) protons + electrons
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
3) The "atomic weight" of an atom reflects the average number of
A) protons.
B) neutrons.
C) electrons.
D) protons + neutrons.
E) protons + neutrons + electrons.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
4) One mole of any element has the same
A) mass.
B) weight.
C) number of atoms.
D) number of electrons.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering

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2
5) The nucleus of an atom consists of
A) electrons.
B) protons.
C) neutrons.
D) protons + neutrons.
E) protons + electrons.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
6) Isotopes of an element differ in the number of
A) protons in the nucleus.
B) electrons in the nucleus.
C) neutrons in the nucleus.
D) electron clouds.
E) electrons in energy shells.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
7) The innermost electron shell in an atom holds up to ________ electrons.
A) 1
B) 2
C) 4
D) 6
E) 8
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
8) Radioisotopes have unstable
A) ions.
B) nuclei.
C) isotopes.
D) electron clouds.
E) protons.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering

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3
9) By weight, which element is the most plentiful in the human body?
A) sulfur
B) sodium
C) oxygen
D) potassium
E) carbon
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
10) Which of these lists contains only trace elements?
A) sulfur, chlorine, oxygen
B) selenium, hydrogen, calcium
C) boron, oxygen, carbon
D) silicon, fluorine, tin
E) cobalt, calcium, sodium
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
11) Helium (HE) has an atomic number of 2. It is chemically stable because it
A) is neutral in electrical charge.
B) readily ionizes to react with other atoms.
C) has a full outer electron shell.
D) will form a covalent bond with another He atom.
E) lacks electrons, thus the He atom is stable.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying
12) Which element commonly has only a proton as its nucleus?
A) helium
B) neon
C) argon
D) hydrogen
E) carbon
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding

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4
13) By weight, which element is the second most abundant in the human body?
A) oxygen
B) carbon
C) hydrogen
D) nitrogen
E) calcium
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
14) In any given molecule, the sum of the atomic weights of its component atoms is called
A) molecular mass.
B) molecular weight.
C) atomic mass.
D) atomic weight.
E) chemical mass.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
15) Given the following approximate values, calculate the molecular weight for NaCl.
Atomic number for Na: 11, Atomic weight for Na: 23 g/mol, Atomic number for Cl: 17,Atomic
weight for Cl: 35 g/mol, Boiling point for Cl: -34 °C
A) 11 g/mol
B) 28 g/mol
C) 34 g/mol
D) 40 g/mol
E) 58 g/mol
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyzing
16) If an isotope of oxygen has 8 protons, 10 neutrons, and 8 electrons, its mass number is
A) 26.
B) 16.
C) 18.
D) 8.
E) 12.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyzing

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5
17) If an element is composed of atoms with an atomic number of 6 and a mass number of 14,
then a non-isotopic atom of this element contains
A) 6 protons.
B) 8 electrons.
C) 8 neutrons.
D) 6 protons and 8 electrons.
E) 6 protons and 8 neurons.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyzing
18) A(n) ________ is a pure substance composed of atoms of only one kind.
A) element
B) macromolecule
C) ion
D) isotope
E) compound
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
19) The center of an atom is called the
A) core.
B) hub.
C) middle point.
D) nucleus.
E) focus.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
20) Electrons whirl around the center of the atom at high speed, forming a(n)
A) spiral.
B) figure 8.
C) cylinder.
D) electron cloud.
E) helix.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering

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6
21) Electrons in an atom occupy an orderly series of electron shells or
A) energy levels.
B) electron clouds.
C) energy circles.
D) electron lanes.
E) energy fields.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
22) The actual mass of an atom is known as its
A) chemical weight.
B) atomic weight.
C) atomic mass.
D) chemical mass.
E) chemical force.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
23) Atoms of the same element whose nuclei contain the same number of protons, but different
numbers of neutrons, are called
A) isotonics.
B) heterotopes.
C) isotopes.
D) homotopes.
E) heterotonics.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
24) The ________ of a radioactive substance is the time required for 50 percent of a given
amount of radioisotope to decay.
A) decay-point
B) mid-life
C) deterioration point
D) half-life
E) entropy
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering

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Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 11th Edition Test Bank

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