Test Bank for Laboratory Manual for Anatomy and Physiology featuring Martini Art, Main Version , 6th Edition
Test Bank for Laboratory Manual for Anatomy and Physiology featuring Martini Art, Main Version , 6th Edition provides in-depth questions and solutions to reinforce key concepts. Start practicing today!
Victoria Thompson
Contributor
4.0
121
about 2 months ago
Preview (31 of 454)
Sign in to access the full document!
1
Laboratory Manual for Anatomy and Physiology, 6e (Wood)
Cat Dissection Exercises
Cat Dissection Exercise 1: Cat Muscular System
Cat Dissection Exercise 1: Pre-Lab Questions
1) Which term refers to the ventral surface of a four-legged animal?
A) inferior
B) superior
C) caudal
D) cephalic
Answer: A
Explanation:
B) The anatomical position for a four-legged animal is all four limbs on the ground. Superior
refers to the back (dorsal) surface.
C) The anatomical position for a four-legged animal is all four limbs on the ground. Caudal
refers to posterior structures or those toward the tail.
D) The anatomical position for a four-legged animal is all four limbs on the ground. Cephalic
refers to being toward the front or anterior region of the animal.
2) Cats have all of the same muscles as humans, and therefore they are an ideal specimen to
study.
A) True
B) False
Answer: A
Explanation:
B) While some muscles found in four-legged animals are lacking in humans, and some muscles
that are fused in humans occur as separate muscles in four-legged animals, studying muscles in
four-legged animals is an excellent way to learn about human muscles.
3) Which term refers to the tail end of a four-legged animal?
A) superior
B) caudal
C) inferior
D) cephalic
Answer: B
Explanation:
A) The term superior refers to the back (dorsal) surface of a four-legged animal.
C) The term inferior refers to the ventral surface of a four-legged animal.
D) The term cephalic refers to being toward the front or anterior region of the animal.
Laboratory Manual for Anatomy and Physiology, 6e (Wood)
Cat Dissection Exercises
Cat Dissection Exercise 1: Cat Muscular System
Cat Dissection Exercise 1: Pre-Lab Questions
1) Which term refers to the ventral surface of a four-legged animal?
A) inferior
B) superior
C) caudal
D) cephalic
Answer: A
Explanation:
B) The anatomical position for a four-legged animal is all four limbs on the ground. Superior
refers to the back (dorsal) surface.
C) The anatomical position for a four-legged animal is all four limbs on the ground. Caudal
refers to posterior structures or those toward the tail.
D) The anatomical position for a four-legged animal is all four limbs on the ground. Cephalic
refers to being toward the front or anterior region of the animal.
2) Cats have all of the same muscles as humans, and therefore they are an ideal specimen to
study.
A) True
B) False
Answer: A
Explanation:
B) While some muscles found in four-legged animals are lacking in humans, and some muscles
that are fused in humans occur as separate muscles in four-legged animals, studying muscles in
four-legged animals is an excellent way to learn about human muscles.
3) Which term refers to the tail end of a four-legged animal?
A) superior
B) caudal
C) inferior
D) cephalic
Answer: B
Explanation:
A) The term superior refers to the back (dorsal) surface of a four-legged animal.
C) The term inferior refers to the ventral surface of a four-legged animal.
D) The term cephalic refers to being toward the front or anterior region of the animal.
1
Laboratory Manual for Anatomy and Physiology, 6e (Wood)
Cat Dissection Exercises
Cat Dissection Exercise 1: Cat Muscular System
Cat Dissection Exercise 1: Pre-Lab Questions
1) Which term refers to the ventral surface of a four-legged animal?
A) inferior
B) superior
C) caudal
D) cephalic
Answer: A
Explanation:
B) The anatomical position for a four-legged animal is all four limbs on the ground. Superior
refers to the back (dorsal) surface.
C) The anatomical position for a four-legged animal is all four limbs on the ground. Caudal
refers to posterior structures or those toward the tail.
D) The anatomical position for a four-legged animal is all four limbs on the ground. Cephalic
refers to being toward the front or anterior region of the animal.
2) Cats have all of the same muscles as humans, and therefore they are an ideal specimen to
study.
A) True
B) False
Answer: A
Explanation:
B) While some muscles found in four-legged animals are lacking in humans, and some muscles
that are fused in humans occur as separate muscles in four-legged animals, studying muscles in
four-legged animals is an excellent way to learn about human muscles.
3) Which term refers to the tail end of a four-legged animal?
A) superior
B) caudal
C) inferior
D) cephalic
Answer: B
Explanation:
A) The term superior refers to the back (dorsal) surface of a four-legged animal.
C) The term inferior refers to the ventral surface of a four-legged animal.
D) The term cephalic refers to being toward the front or anterior region of the animal.
Laboratory Manual for Anatomy and Physiology, 6e (Wood)
Cat Dissection Exercises
Cat Dissection Exercise 1: Cat Muscular System
Cat Dissection Exercise 1: Pre-Lab Questions
1) Which term refers to the ventral surface of a four-legged animal?
A) inferior
B) superior
C) caudal
D) cephalic
Answer: A
Explanation:
B) The anatomical position for a four-legged animal is all four limbs on the ground. Superior
refers to the back (dorsal) surface.
C) The anatomical position for a four-legged animal is all four limbs on the ground. Caudal
refers to posterior structures or those toward the tail.
D) The anatomical position for a four-legged animal is all four limbs on the ground. Cephalic
refers to being toward the front or anterior region of the animal.
2) Cats have all of the same muscles as humans, and therefore they are an ideal specimen to
study.
A) True
B) False
Answer: A
Explanation:
B) While some muscles found in four-legged animals are lacking in humans, and some muscles
that are fused in humans occur as separate muscles in four-legged animals, studying muscles in
four-legged animals is an excellent way to learn about human muscles.
3) Which term refers to the tail end of a four-legged animal?
A) superior
B) caudal
C) inferior
D) cephalic
Answer: B
Explanation:
A) The term superior refers to the back (dorsal) surface of a four-legged animal.
C) The term inferior refers to the ventral surface of a four-legged animal.
D) The term cephalic refers to being toward the front or anterior region of the animal.
2
4) Which group of muscles covers the dorsal surface of the neck and scapula?
A) trapezius group
B) deltoid group
C) rhomboideus group
D) pectoralis group
Answer: A
Explanation:
B) The deltoid group comprises the shoulder muscles lateral to the trapezius group.
C) The rhomboideus group connects the spinous processes of cervical and thoracic vertebrae
with the vertebral border of the scapula.
D) The pectoralis group consists of the large muscles covering the ventral surface of the chest.
5) Which group of muscles covers the ventral surface of the chest?
A) trapezius group
B) deltoid group
C) rhomboideus group
D) pectoralis group
Answer: D
Explanation:
A) The trapezius group consists of the muscles covering the dorsal surface of the neck and
scapula.
B) The deltoid group comprises the shoulder muscles lateral to the trapezius group.
C) The rhomboideus group connects the spinous processes of cervical and thoracic vertebrae
with the vertebral border of the scapula.
4) Which group of muscles covers the dorsal surface of the neck and scapula?
A) trapezius group
B) deltoid group
C) rhomboideus group
D) pectoralis group
Answer: A
Explanation:
B) The deltoid group comprises the shoulder muscles lateral to the trapezius group.
C) The rhomboideus group connects the spinous processes of cervical and thoracic vertebrae
with the vertebral border of the scapula.
D) The pectoralis group consists of the large muscles covering the ventral surface of the chest.
5) Which group of muscles covers the ventral surface of the chest?
A) trapezius group
B) deltoid group
C) rhomboideus group
D) pectoralis group
Answer: D
Explanation:
A) The trapezius group consists of the muscles covering the dorsal surface of the neck and
scapula.
B) The deltoid group comprises the shoulder muscles lateral to the trapezius group.
C) The rhomboideus group connects the spinous processes of cervical and thoracic vertebrae
with the vertebral border of the scapula.
3
Cat Dissection Exercise 1: Post-Lab Questions
1) Which statement regarding the storage of your cat is most correct?
A) The cat should be stored in a sealed bag covered in distilled water.
B) The cat should be stored in a sealed bag with exposed muscles covered with paper towels that
have been dampened with fixative.
C) The cat should be dried and stored in a sealed bag.
D) The cat should be stored on the dissecting pan without any coverings.
Answer: B
Explanation:
A) Never rinse the cat with water; doing so will remove the preservative and promote the growth
of mold. Always remoisten the body, skin, and other wrappings with fixative prior to storage.
C) Always remoisten the body, skin, and other wrappings with fixative prior to storage, and then
place the cat in a sealed bag.
D) Always remoisten the body, skin, and other wrappings with fixative prior to storage, and then
place the cat in a sealed bag.
2) To begin dissecting the cat, place it ________ side down on the dissecting tray.
A) dorsal
B) caudal
C) cephalic
D) ventral
Answer: A
Explanation:
B) Caudal refers to the tail end of the cat. The first incision will be made superficially into the
ventral surface. Thus, the cat should be laying dorsal side down.
C) Cephalic refers to the anterior end of the cat. The first incision will be made superficially into
the ventral surface. Thus, the cat should be laying dorsal side down.
D) The first incision will be made superficially into the ventral (abdominal) surface. Thus, the
cat should be laying dorsal side down.
3) Where should the first incision be made when dissecting a cat?
A) on the lateral side of the ventral surface near the neck
B) on the midline of the ventral surface just anterior to the tail
C) on the lateral side of the dorsal surface near the neck
D) on the midline of the dorsal surface just anterior to the tail
Answer: B
Explanation:
A) The first incision should be a short and shallow incision on the midline of the ventral surface
just anterior to the tail.
B) The first incision should be a short and shallow incision on the midline of the ventral surface
just anterior to the tail.
C) The first incision should be a short and shallow incision on the midline of the ventral surface
just anterior to the tail.
D) The first incision should be a short and shallow incision on the midline of the ventral surface
just anterior to the tail.
Cat Dissection Exercise 1: Post-Lab Questions
1) Which statement regarding the storage of your cat is most correct?
A) The cat should be stored in a sealed bag covered in distilled water.
B) The cat should be stored in a sealed bag with exposed muscles covered with paper towels that
have been dampened with fixative.
C) The cat should be dried and stored in a sealed bag.
D) The cat should be stored on the dissecting pan without any coverings.
Answer: B
Explanation:
A) Never rinse the cat with water; doing so will remove the preservative and promote the growth
of mold. Always remoisten the body, skin, and other wrappings with fixative prior to storage.
C) Always remoisten the body, skin, and other wrappings with fixative prior to storage, and then
place the cat in a sealed bag.
D) Always remoisten the body, skin, and other wrappings with fixative prior to storage, and then
place the cat in a sealed bag.
2) To begin dissecting the cat, place it ________ side down on the dissecting tray.
A) dorsal
B) caudal
C) cephalic
D) ventral
Answer: A
Explanation:
B) Caudal refers to the tail end of the cat. The first incision will be made superficially into the
ventral surface. Thus, the cat should be laying dorsal side down.
C) Cephalic refers to the anterior end of the cat. The first incision will be made superficially into
the ventral surface. Thus, the cat should be laying dorsal side down.
D) The first incision will be made superficially into the ventral (abdominal) surface. Thus, the
cat should be laying dorsal side down.
3) Where should the first incision be made when dissecting a cat?
A) on the lateral side of the ventral surface near the neck
B) on the midline of the ventral surface just anterior to the tail
C) on the lateral side of the dorsal surface near the neck
D) on the midline of the dorsal surface just anterior to the tail
Answer: B
Explanation:
A) The first incision should be a short and shallow incision on the midline of the ventral surface
just anterior to the tail.
B) The first incision should be a short and shallow incision on the midline of the ventral surface
just anterior to the tail.
C) The first incision should be a short and shallow incision on the midline of the ventral surface
just anterior to the tail.
D) The first incision should be a short and shallow incision on the midline of the ventral surface
just anterior to the tail.
Loading page 4...
4
4) How should the skin be separated from the underlying fascia?
A) use the pointed end of a pair of scissors to separate the skin from the underlying muscle and
connective tissues
B) use the scalpel to separate the skin from the underlying muscle and connective tissues
C) use your fingers or a blunt probe to separate the skin from the underlying muscle and
connective tissues
Answer: C
Explanation:
A) To remove the skin from the underlying fascia, you should not use sharp tools as this may cut
or damage the muscles.
B) To remove the skin from the underlying fascia, you should not use sharp tools as this may cut
or damage the muscles.
5) In cats, the trapezius group of muscles is composed of three distinct muscles. How many
muscle(s) make up the trapezius in humans?
A) two
B) one
C) three
D) four
Answer: B
Explanation:
A) The trapezius group of muscles covers the dorsal surface of the neck and the scapula. The
single trapezius in humans occurs as three distinct muscles in cats.
C) The trapezius group of muscles covers the dorsal surface of the neck and the scapula. The
single trapezius in humans occurs as three distinct muscles in cats.
D) The trapezius group of muscles covers the dorsal surface of the neck and the scapula. The
single trapezius in humans occurs as three distinct muscles in cats.
6) Which muscle is a large, flat muscle that lays posterior to the trapezius group?
A) deltoid group
B) levator scapulae ventralis
C) latissimus dorsi
D) supraspinatus
Answer: C
Explanation:
A) The deltoid group is composed of the shoulder muscles lateral to the trapezius group.
B) The levator scapulae ventralis is a flat, strap-like muscle that lies on the side of the neck
between the clavotrapezius and the acromiotrapezius.
D) The supraspinatus lays deep to the acromiotrapezius, and occupies the lateral surface of the
scapula in the supraspinous fossa.
4) How should the skin be separated from the underlying fascia?
A) use the pointed end of a pair of scissors to separate the skin from the underlying muscle and
connective tissues
B) use the scalpel to separate the skin from the underlying muscle and connective tissues
C) use your fingers or a blunt probe to separate the skin from the underlying muscle and
connective tissues
Answer: C
Explanation:
A) To remove the skin from the underlying fascia, you should not use sharp tools as this may cut
or damage the muscles.
B) To remove the skin from the underlying fascia, you should not use sharp tools as this may cut
or damage the muscles.
5) In cats, the trapezius group of muscles is composed of three distinct muscles. How many
muscle(s) make up the trapezius in humans?
A) two
B) one
C) three
D) four
Answer: B
Explanation:
A) The trapezius group of muscles covers the dorsal surface of the neck and the scapula. The
single trapezius in humans occurs as three distinct muscles in cats.
C) The trapezius group of muscles covers the dorsal surface of the neck and the scapula. The
single trapezius in humans occurs as three distinct muscles in cats.
D) The trapezius group of muscles covers the dorsal surface of the neck and the scapula. The
single trapezius in humans occurs as three distinct muscles in cats.
6) Which muscle is a large, flat muscle that lays posterior to the trapezius group?
A) deltoid group
B) levator scapulae ventralis
C) latissimus dorsi
D) supraspinatus
Answer: C
Explanation:
A) The deltoid group is composed of the shoulder muscles lateral to the trapezius group.
B) The levator scapulae ventralis is a flat, strap-like muscle that lies on the side of the neck
between the clavotrapezius and the acromiotrapezius.
D) The supraspinatus lays deep to the acromiotrapezius, and occupies the lateral surface of the
scapula in the supraspinous fossa.
Loading page 5...
5
7) Which group of muscles comprises the shoulder muscles?
A) trapezius group
B) deltoid group
C) rhomboideus group
D) pectoralis group
Answer: B
Explanation:
A) The trapezius group of muscles covers the dorsal surface of the neck and the scapula.
C) The rhomboideus group connects the spinous processes of cervical and thoracic vertebrae
with the vertebral border of the scapula. The muscles of this group hold the dorsal part of the
scapula to the body.
D) The pectoralis group consists of the large muscles covering the ventral surface of the chest.
8) Which of the following muscles is NOT found in humans?
A) levator scapulae ventralis
B) latissimus dorsi
C) trapezius
D) deltoid
Answer: A
Explanation:
B) Both cats and humans have a large, flat latissimus dorsi.
C) The single trapezius in humans occurs as three distinct muscles in cats.
D) The single deltoid in humans occurs as three distinct muscles in cats.
9) Which muscle, that originates on the acromion process of the scapula and inserts on the
proximal end of the humerus, functions to flex the forelimb and rotate it laterally?
A) levator scapulae ventralis
B) clavodeltoid
C) acromiotrapezius
D) latissimus dorsi
E) acromiodeltoid
Answer: E
Explanation:
A) The levator scapulae ventralis originates on the occipital bone and atlas, and inserts on the
scapula. This muscle, which does not occur in humans, moves the scapula toward the head.
B) The clavodeltoid, also called the clavobrachialis, originates on the clavicle and inserts on the
ulna. It functions to flex the forelimb.
C) The acromiotrapezius originates on the spinous processes of the cervical and anterior thoracic
vertebrae and inserts on the scapular spine. It holds the scapula in place.
D) The latissimus dorsi originates on the spines of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, inserts on the
medial side of the humerus, and functions to pull the forelimb posteriorly and dorsally.
7) Which group of muscles comprises the shoulder muscles?
A) trapezius group
B) deltoid group
C) rhomboideus group
D) pectoralis group
Answer: B
Explanation:
A) The trapezius group of muscles covers the dorsal surface of the neck and the scapula.
C) The rhomboideus group connects the spinous processes of cervical and thoracic vertebrae
with the vertebral border of the scapula. The muscles of this group hold the dorsal part of the
scapula to the body.
D) The pectoralis group consists of the large muscles covering the ventral surface of the chest.
8) Which of the following muscles is NOT found in humans?
A) levator scapulae ventralis
B) latissimus dorsi
C) trapezius
D) deltoid
Answer: A
Explanation:
B) Both cats and humans have a large, flat latissimus dorsi.
C) The single trapezius in humans occurs as three distinct muscles in cats.
D) The single deltoid in humans occurs as three distinct muscles in cats.
9) Which muscle, that originates on the acromion process of the scapula and inserts on the
proximal end of the humerus, functions to flex the forelimb and rotate it laterally?
A) levator scapulae ventralis
B) clavodeltoid
C) acromiotrapezius
D) latissimus dorsi
E) acromiodeltoid
Answer: E
Explanation:
A) The levator scapulae ventralis originates on the occipital bone and atlas, and inserts on the
scapula. This muscle, which does not occur in humans, moves the scapula toward the head.
B) The clavodeltoid, also called the clavobrachialis, originates on the clavicle and inserts on the
ulna. It functions to flex the forelimb.
C) The acromiotrapezius originates on the spinous processes of the cervical and anterior thoracic
vertebrae and inserts on the scapular spine. It holds the scapula in place.
D) The latissimus dorsi originates on the spines of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, inserts on the
medial side of the humerus, and functions to pull the forelimb posteriorly and dorsally.
Loading page 6...
6
10) Which muscle is located at the axillary border of the scapula?
A) splenius
B) supraspinatus
C) infraspinatus
D) rhomboideus major
E) teres major
Answer: E
Explanation:
A) The splenius is a broad, flat, and thin muscle that covers most of the lateral surface of the
cervical and thoracic vertebrae. It is deep to the rhomboideus capitus.
B) The supraspinatus occupies the lateral surface of the scapula in the supraspinous fossa.
C) The infraspinatus occupies the infraspinous fossa on the lateral surface of the scapula.
D) The rhomboideus major is a fan-shaped muscle and is the most posterior muscle of the
rhomboideus group.
11) Which muscle is a broad, flat, and thin muscle that covers most of the lateral surface of the
cervical and thoracic vertebrae?
A) teres major
B) supraspinatus
C) infraspinatus
D) rhomboideus major
E) splenius
Answer: E
Explanation:
A) The teres major is located at the axillary border of the scapula.
B) The supraspinatus occupies the lateral surface of the scapula in the supraspinous fossa.
C) The infraspinatus occupies the infraspinous fossa on the lateral surface of the scapula.
D) The rhomboideus major is a fan-shaped muscle and is the most posterior muscle of the
rhomboideus group.
10) Which muscle is located at the axillary border of the scapula?
A) splenius
B) supraspinatus
C) infraspinatus
D) rhomboideus major
E) teres major
Answer: E
Explanation:
A) The splenius is a broad, flat, and thin muscle that covers most of the lateral surface of the
cervical and thoracic vertebrae. It is deep to the rhomboideus capitus.
B) The supraspinatus occupies the lateral surface of the scapula in the supraspinous fossa.
C) The infraspinatus occupies the infraspinous fossa on the lateral surface of the scapula.
D) The rhomboideus major is a fan-shaped muscle and is the most posterior muscle of the
rhomboideus group.
11) Which muscle is a broad, flat, and thin muscle that covers most of the lateral surface of the
cervical and thoracic vertebrae?
A) teres major
B) supraspinatus
C) infraspinatus
D) rhomboideus major
E) splenius
Answer: E
Explanation:
A) The teres major is located at the axillary border of the scapula.
B) The supraspinatus occupies the lateral surface of the scapula in the supraspinous fossa.
C) The infraspinatus occupies the infraspinous fossa on the lateral surface of the scapula.
D) The rhomboideus major is a fan-shaped muscle and is the most posterior muscle of the
rhomboideus group.
Loading page 7...
7
12) Which letter is marking the infraspinatus in this figure?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
Answer: E
Explanation:
A) Letter "A" is marking the levator scapulae ventralis.
B) Letter "B" is marking the supraspinatus.
C) Letter "C" is marking the acromiodeltoid.
D) Letter "D" is marking the spinodeltoid.
12) Which letter is marking the infraspinatus in this figure?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
Answer: E
Explanation:
A) Letter "A" is marking the levator scapulae ventralis.
B) Letter "B" is marking the supraspinatus.
C) Letter "C" is marking the acromiodeltoid.
D) Letter "D" is marking the spinodeltoid.
Loading page 8...
8
13) Which letter is marking the teres major in this figure?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
Answer: D
Explanation:
A) Letter "A" is marking the supraspinatus.
B) Letter "B" is marking the acromiodeltoid.
C) Letter "C" is marking the spinodeltoid.
E) Letter "E" is marking the infraspinatus.
14) Which muscle of the rhomboideus group is NOT found in humans?
A) rhomboideus major
B) rhomboideus capitus
C) rhomboideus minor
Answer: B
Explanation:
A) Humans have a rhomboideus major and rhomboideus minor. The rhomboideus capitus
muscle does not occur in humans.
C) Humans have a rhomboideus major and rhomboideus minor. The rhomboideus capitus muscle
does not occur in humans.
13) Which letter is marking the teres major in this figure?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
Answer: D
Explanation:
A) Letter "A" is marking the supraspinatus.
B) Letter "B" is marking the acromiodeltoid.
C) Letter "C" is marking the spinodeltoid.
E) Letter "E" is marking the infraspinatus.
14) Which muscle of the rhomboideus group is NOT found in humans?
A) rhomboideus major
B) rhomboideus capitus
C) rhomboideus minor
Answer: B
Explanation:
A) Humans have a rhomboideus major and rhomboideus minor. The rhomboideus capitus
muscle does not occur in humans.
C) Humans have a rhomboideus major and rhomboideus minor. The rhomboideus capitus muscle
does not occur in humans.
Loading page 9...
9
15) Which of the following muscles is NOT located in the neck?
A) sternomastoid
B) teres major
C) sternohyoid
D) digastric
E) mylohyoid
Answer: B
Explanation:
A) The sternomastoid is a large, V-shaped muscle between the sternum and the head. This
muscle is called the sternocleidomastoid in humans.
B) The teres major occupies the axillary border of the scapula, where its origin is located. It
inserts on the proximal end of the humerus.
C) The sternohyoid is a narrow muscle that lies over the larynx, along the midventral line of the
neck. Its origin is the costal cartilage of the first rib, and it inserts on the hyoid bone.
D) The digastric is a superficial muscle extending along the inner surface of the mandible. It
originates on the occipital bone and mastoid process.
E) The mylohyoid is a superficial muscle running transversely in the midline and passing deep to
the digastrics. It originates on the mandible and inserts on the hyoid bone.
16) Which muscle of the neck functions to turn and depress the head?
A) sternomastoid
B) mylohyoid
C) digastric
D) sternohyoid
Answer: A
Explanation:
B) The mylohyoid originates on the mandible, inserts on the hyoid bone, and functions to raise
the floor of the mouth.
C) The digastric originates on the occipital bone and mastoid process, and functions as a
depressor of the mandible.
D) The sternohyoid originates on the costal cartilage of the first rib, and inserts on the hyoid
bone. It acts to depress the hyoid bone.
15) Which of the following muscles is NOT located in the neck?
A) sternomastoid
B) teres major
C) sternohyoid
D) digastric
E) mylohyoid
Answer: B
Explanation:
A) The sternomastoid is a large, V-shaped muscle between the sternum and the head. This
muscle is called the sternocleidomastoid in humans.
B) The teres major occupies the axillary border of the scapula, where its origin is located. It
inserts on the proximal end of the humerus.
C) The sternohyoid is a narrow muscle that lies over the larynx, along the midventral line of the
neck. Its origin is the costal cartilage of the first rib, and it inserts on the hyoid bone.
D) The digastric is a superficial muscle extending along the inner surface of the mandible. It
originates on the occipital bone and mastoid process.
E) The mylohyoid is a superficial muscle running transversely in the midline and passing deep to
the digastrics. It originates on the mandible and inserts on the hyoid bone.
16) Which muscle of the neck functions to turn and depress the head?
A) sternomastoid
B) mylohyoid
C) digastric
D) sternohyoid
Answer: A
Explanation:
B) The mylohyoid originates on the mandible, inserts on the hyoid bone, and functions to raise
the floor of the mouth.
C) The digastric originates on the occipital bone and mastoid process, and functions as a
depressor of the mandible.
D) The sternohyoid originates on the costal cartilage of the first rib, and inserts on the hyoid
bone. It acts to depress the hyoid bone.
Loading page 10...
10
17) Which muscle of the neck functions to elevate the mandible?
A) mylohyoid
B) masseter
C) digastric
D) sternohyoid
E) sternomastoid
Answer: B
Explanation:
A) The mylohyoid originates on the mandible, inserts on the hyoid bone, and functions to raise
the floor of the mouth.
C) The digastric originates on the occipital bone and mastoid process, and functions as a
depressor of the mandible.
D) The sternohyoid originates on the costal cartilage of the first rib, and inserts on the hyoid
bone. It acts to depress the hyoid bone.
E) The sternomastoid originates on the manubrium of the sternum and passes obliquely around
the neck to insert on the superior nuchal line and on the mastoid process. It turns and depresses
the head.
17) Which muscle of the neck functions to elevate the mandible?
A) mylohyoid
B) masseter
C) digastric
D) sternohyoid
E) sternomastoid
Answer: B
Explanation:
A) The mylohyoid originates on the mandible, inserts on the hyoid bone, and functions to raise
the floor of the mouth.
C) The digastric originates on the occipital bone and mastoid process, and functions as a
depressor of the mandible.
D) The sternohyoid originates on the costal cartilage of the first rib, and inserts on the hyoid
bone. It acts to depress the hyoid bone.
E) The sternomastoid originates on the manubrium of the sternum and passes obliquely around
the neck to insert on the superior nuchal line and on the mastoid process. It turns and depresses
the head.
Loading page 11...
11
18) Which of these muscles is the most superficial and lateral muscle of the abdominal muscles?
A) external oblique
B) internal oblique
C) transverse abdominis
D) rectus abdominis
Answer: A
Explanation:
A) external oblique
B) The internal oblique (A) lies deep to the external oblique and is the second of the three lateral
layers of the abdominal wall
C) The transverse abdominis (B) is deep to the internal oblique, has fibers that run transversely
across the abdomen, and forms the deepest layer of the abdominal wall.
D) The rectus abdominis (C) is the abdominal muscle where the external oblique, internal
oblique, and transverse abdominis all insert. It is a long, ribbon-like muscle in the midline of the
ventral surface of the abdomen.
18) Which of these muscles is the most superficial and lateral muscle of the abdominal muscles?
A) external oblique
B) internal oblique
C) transverse abdominis
D) rectus abdominis
Answer: A
Explanation:
A) external oblique
B) The internal oblique (A) lies deep to the external oblique and is the second of the three lateral
layers of the abdominal wall
C) The transverse abdominis (B) is deep to the internal oblique, has fibers that run transversely
across the abdomen, and forms the deepest layer of the abdominal wall.
D) The rectus abdominis (C) is the abdominal muscle where the external oblique, internal
oblique, and transverse abdominis all insert. It is a long, ribbon-like muscle in the midline of the
ventral surface of the abdomen.
Loading page 12...
12
19) Which of the following abdominal muscles do the other three abdominal muscles insert on?
A) rectus abdominis
B) internal oblique
C) external oblique
D) transverse abdominis
Answer: A
Explanation:
B) The rectus abdominis (A) is the abdominal muscle where the external oblique (B), internal
oblique (C), and transverse abdominis (D) all insert. The internal oblique originates on the pelvis
and lumbodorsal fascia and inserts on the linea alba, where it functions to compress the
abdomen.
C) The rectus abdominis (A) is the abdominal muscle where the external oblique (B), internal
oblique (C), and transverse abdominis (D) all insert. The internal oblique originates on the pelvis
and lumbodorsal fascia and inserts on the linea alba, where it functions to compress the
abdomen.
D) The rectus abdominis (A) is the abdominal muscle where the external oblique (B), internal
oblique (C), and transverse abdominis (D) all insert. The internal oblique originates on the pelvis
and lumbodorsal fascia and inserts on the linea alba, where it functions to compress the
abdomen.
19) Which of the following abdominal muscles do the other three abdominal muscles insert on?
A) rectus abdominis
B) internal oblique
C) external oblique
D) transverse abdominis
Answer: A
Explanation:
B) The rectus abdominis (A) is the abdominal muscle where the external oblique (B), internal
oblique (C), and transverse abdominis (D) all insert. The internal oblique originates on the pelvis
and lumbodorsal fascia and inserts on the linea alba, where it functions to compress the
abdomen.
C) The rectus abdominis (A) is the abdominal muscle where the external oblique (B), internal
oblique (C), and transverse abdominis (D) all insert. The internal oblique originates on the pelvis
and lumbodorsal fascia and inserts on the linea alba, where it functions to compress the
abdomen.
D) The rectus abdominis (A) is the abdominal muscle where the external oblique (B), internal
oblique (C), and transverse abdominis (D) all insert. The internal oblique originates on the pelvis
and lumbodorsal fascia and inserts on the linea alba, where it functions to compress the
abdomen.
Loading page 13...
13
20) The muscles of the pectoralis group originate on which bone?
A) humerus
B) sternum
C) clavicle
D) cervical vertebra
E) mandible
Answer: B
Explanation:
A) The pectoralis group consists of the large muscles covering the ventral surface of the chest.
They arise from the sternum and mostly insert on the humerus.
C) The pectoralis group consists of the large muscles covering the ventral surface of the chest.
They arise from the sternum and mostly insert on the humerus.
D) The pectoralis group consists of the large muscles covering the ventral surface of the chest.
They arise from the sternum and mostly insert on the humerus.
E) The pectoralis group consists of the large muscles covering the ventral surface of the chest.
They arise from the sternum and mostly insert on the humerus.
21) Identify the serratus ventralis in the following image.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Answer: B
Explanation:
A) The letter "A" is marking the serratus dorsalis.
C) The letter "C" is marking the pectoralis minor.
D) The letter "D" is marking the pectoralis major.
20) The muscles of the pectoralis group originate on which bone?
A) humerus
B) sternum
C) clavicle
D) cervical vertebra
E) mandible
Answer: B
Explanation:
A) The pectoralis group consists of the large muscles covering the ventral surface of the chest.
They arise from the sternum and mostly insert on the humerus.
C) The pectoralis group consists of the large muscles covering the ventral surface of the chest.
They arise from the sternum and mostly insert on the humerus.
D) The pectoralis group consists of the large muscles covering the ventral surface of the chest.
They arise from the sternum and mostly insert on the humerus.
E) The pectoralis group consists of the large muscles covering the ventral surface of the chest.
They arise from the sternum and mostly insert on the humerus.
21) Identify the serratus ventralis in the following image.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Answer: B
Explanation:
A) The letter "A" is marking the serratus dorsalis.
C) The letter "C" is marking the pectoralis minor.
D) The letter "D" is marking the pectoralis major.
Loading page 14...
14
22) Identify the serratus dorsalis in the following image.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Answer: A
Explanation:
B) The letter "B" is marking the serratus ventralis.
C) The letter "C" is marking the pectoralis minor.
D) The letter "D" is marking the pectoralis major.
23) How many layers of muscles comprise the intercostal group of muscles?
A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
Answer: B
Explanation:
A) The intercostal group consists of two layers of muscles between the ribs that move the ribs
during respiration: the external intercostals and the internal intercostals.
C) The intercostal group consists of two layers of muscles between the ribs that move the ribs
during respiration: the external intercostals and the internal intercostals.
D) The intercostal group consists of two layers of muscles between the ribs that move the ribs
during respiration: the external intercostals and the internal intercostals.
22) Identify the serratus dorsalis in the following image.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Answer: A
Explanation:
B) The letter "B" is marking the serratus ventralis.
C) The letter "C" is marking the pectoralis minor.
D) The letter "D" is marking the pectoralis major.
23) How many layers of muscles comprise the intercostal group of muscles?
A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
Answer: B
Explanation:
A) The intercostal group consists of two layers of muscles between the ribs that move the ribs
during respiration: the external intercostals and the internal intercostals.
C) The intercostal group consists of two layers of muscles between the ribs that move the ribs
during respiration: the external intercostals and the internal intercostals.
D) The intercostal group consists of two layers of muscles between the ribs that move the ribs
during respiration: the external intercostals and the internal intercostals.
Loading page 15...
15
24) The biceps brachii functions as ________.
A) an extensor of the carpal joints
B) an extensor of the forelimb
C) a flexor of the digits
D) a flexor of the forelimb
Answer: D
Explanation:
A) The extensor carpi radialis functions as an extensor of the carpal joints.
B) The triceps brachii functions to extend the forelimb.
C) The palmaris longus functions to flex the digits.
25) Identify the muscle labeled "A" in the following figure.
A) palmaris longus
B) flexor carpi ulnaris
C) biceps brachii
D) epitrochlearis
E) triceps brachii
Answer: A
Explanation:
B) The flexor carpi ulnaris is labeled "B."
C) The biceps brachii is labeled "C."
D) The epitrochlearis is labeled "D."
E) The triceps brachii is labeled "E."
24) The biceps brachii functions as ________.
A) an extensor of the carpal joints
B) an extensor of the forelimb
C) a flexor of the digits
D) a flexor of the forelimb
Answer: D
Explanation:
A) The extensor carpi radialis functions as an extensor of the carpal joints.
B) The triceps brachii functions to extend the forelimb.
C) The palmaris longus functions to flex the digits.
25) Identify the muscle labeled "A" in the following figure.
A) palmaris longus
B) flexor carpi ulnaris
C) biceps brachii
D) epitrochlearis
E) triceps brachii
Answer: A
Explanation:
B) The flexor carpi ulnaris is labeled "B."
C) The biceps brachii is labeled "C."
D) The epitrochlearis is labeled "D."
E) The triceps brachii is labeled "E."
Loading page 16...
16
26) Which muscle is located on the ventrolateral surface of the humerus and functions to flex the
forelimb?
A) biceps brachii
B) brachialis
C) triceps brachii
D) brachioradialis
Answer: B
Explanation:
A) While it is true that the biceps brachii functions to flex the forelimb, it is located deep to the
pectoralis major and pectoralis minor on the ventromedial surface of the humerus.
C) The triceps brachii is located on the lateral and posterior surfaces of the forelimb and
functions to extend the forelimb.
D) The brachioradialis is located on the lateral surface of the humerus. It supinates the front paw.
27) Which muscle is found in cats but NOT humans?
A) biceps brachii
B) epitrochlearis
C) flexor carpi radialis
D) brachialis
Answer: B
Explanation:
A) Both humans and cats have the biceps brachii, which functions to flex the forelimb (arm). The
epitrochlearis is a broad, flat muscle covering the medial surface of the upper forelimb. It is an
extension of the latissimus dorsi. It is not found in humans.
C) The epitrochlearis is a broad, flat muscle covering the medial surface of the upper forelimb. It
is an extension of the latissimus dorsi. It is not found in humans.
D) The epitrochlearis is a broad, flat muscle covering the medial surface of the upper forelimb. It
is an extension of the latissimus dorsi. It is not found in humans.
26) Which muscle is located on the ventrolateral surface of the humerus and functions to flex the
forelimb?
A) biceps brachii
B) brachialis
C) triceps brachii
D) brachioradialis
Answer: B
Explanation:
A) While it is true that the biceps brachii functions to flex the forelimb, it is located deep to the
pectoralis major and pectoralis minor on the ventromedial surface of the humerus.
C) The triceps brachii is located on the lateral and posterior surfaces of the forelimb and
functions to extend the forelimb.
D) The brachioradialis is located on the lateral surface of the humerus. It supinates the front paw.
27) Which muscle is found in cats but NOT humans?
A) biceps brachii
B) epitrochlearis
C) flexor carpi radialis
D) brachialis
Answer: B
Explanation:
A) Both humans and cats have the biceps brachii, which functions to flex the forelimb (arm). The
epitrochlearis is a broad, flat muscle covering the medial surface of the upper forelimb. It is an
extension of the latissimus dorsi. It is not found in humans.
C) The epitrochlearis is a broad, flat muscle covering the medial surface of the upper forelimb. It
is an extension of the latissimus dorsi. It is not found in humans.
D) The epitrochlearis is a broad, flat muscle covering the medial surface of the upper forelimb. It
is an extension of the latissimus dorsi. It is not found in humans.
Loading page 17...
17
28) How many points of origin does the triceps brachii have?
A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
Answer: C
Explanation:
A) As the name implies, the triceps brachii has its origins on three heads. The long head
originates on the lateral border of the scapula. The lateralhead originates on the deltoid ridge of
the humerus. The small medial originates on the shaft of the humerus. All three heads have a
single insertion on the olecranon process of the ulna.
B) As the name implies, the triceps brachii has its origins on three heads. The long head
originates on the lateral border of the scapula. The lateral head originates on the deltoid ridge of
the humerus. The small medial originates on the shaft of the humerus. All three heads have a
single insertion on the olecranon process of the ulna.
D) As the name implies, the triceps brachii has its origins on three heads. The long head
originates on the lateral border of the scapula. The lateral head originates on the deltoid ridge of
the humerus. The small medial originates on the shaft of the humerus. All three heads have a
single insertion on the olecranon process of the ulna.
29) Which muscle functions to adduct and rotate the femur as well as extend the tibia?
A) gluteus medius
B) gracilis
C) sartorius
D) pectineus
Answer: C
Explanation:
A) The gluteus medius acts to abduct the thigh.
B) The gracilis adducts the thigh and draws it posteriorly.
D) The pectineus functions to adduct the thigh.
30) Which muscle is correctly matched to its origin and insertion?
A) sartorius; originates on the ischium and pubic symphysis and inserts on the medial surface of
the tibia
B) gluteus medius; originates on the ilium and the transverse processes of the last sacral and first
caudal vertebrae and inserts on the femur
C) gracilis; originates on the ischial tuberosity and inserts on the tibia
D) pectineus; originates on the crest of the ilium and inserts into the fascia lata
Answer: B
Explanation:
A) The sartorius originates on the ilium and inserts on the tibia.
C) The gracilis originates on the ischium and pubic symphysis and inserts on the medial surface
of the tibia.
D) The pectineus originates on the anterior border of the pubis and inserts on the proximal end of
the femur.
28) How many points of origin does the triceps brachii have?
A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
Answer: C
Explanation:
A) As the name implies, the triceps brachii has its origins on three heads. The long head
originates on the lateral border of the scapula. The lateralhead originates on the deltoid ridge of
the humerus. The small medial originates on the shaft of the humerus. All three heads have a
single insertion on the olecranon process of the ulna.
B) As the name implies, the triceps brachii has its origins on three heads. The long head
originates on the lateral border of the scapula. The lateral head originates on the deltoid ridge of
the humerus. The small medial originates on the shaft of the humerus. All three heads have a
single insertion on the olecranon process of the ulna.
D) As the name implies, the triceps brachii has its origins on three heads. The long head
originates on the lateral border of the scapula. The lateral head originates on the deltoid ridge of
the humerus. The small medial originates on the shaft of the humerus. All three heads have a
single insertion on the olecranon process of the ulna.
29) Which muscle functions to adduct and rotate the femur as well as extend the tibia?
A) gluteus medius
B) gracilis
C) sartorius
D) pectineus
Answer: C
Explanation:
A) The gluteus medius acts to abduct the thigh.
B) The gracilis adducts the thigh and draws it posteriorly.
D) The pectineus functions to adduct the thigh.
30) Which muscle is correctly matched to its origin and insertion?
A) sartorius; originates on the ischium and pubic symphysis and inserts on the medial surface of
the tibia
B) gluteus medius; originates on the ilium and the transverse processes of the last sacral and first
caudal vertebrae and inserts on the femur
C) gracilis; originates on the ischial tuberosity and inserts on the tibia
D) pectineus; originates on the crest of the ilium and inserts into the fascia lata
Answer: B
Explanation:
A) The sartorius originates on the ilium and inserts on the tibia.
C) The gracilis originates on the ischium and pubic symphysis and inserts on the medial surface
of the tibia.
D) The pectineus originates on the anterior border of the pubis and inserts on the proximal end of
the femur.
Loading page 18...
18
31) Which of the following muscles is NOT a component of the quadriceps femoris?
A) biceps femoris
B) vastus lateralis
C) vastus intermedius
D) vastus medialis
E) tectus femoris
Answer: A
Explanation:
A) The biceps femoris is one of the three muscles comprising the hamstring. It is a large, broad
muscle covering most of the lateral region of the thigh.
B) The quadriceps femoris group consists of the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus
intermedius, and rectus femoris. The biceps femoris is one of the three muscles comprising the
hamstring.
C) The quadriceps femoris group consists of the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus
intermedius, and rectus femoris. The biceps femoris is one of the three muscles comprising the
hamstring.
D) The quadriceps femoris group consists of the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus
intermedius and rectus femoris. The biceps femoris is one of the three muscles comprising the
hamstring.
E) The quadriceps femoris group consists of the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus
intermedius, and rectus femoris. The biceps femoris is one of the three muscles comprising the
hamstring.
32) Which muscle of the quadriceps femoris group lies deep to the rectus femoris?
A) vastus lateralis
B) vastus intermedius
C) vastus medialis
D) semimembranosus
Answer: B
Explanation:
A) The vastus lateralis is the large muscle on the anterolateral surface of the thigh.
C) The vastus medialis is on the medial surface of the femur just under the sartorius.
D) The semimembranosus is part of the hamstring group and is located medially to the
semitendinosus.
33) Which muscle of the hamstring group functions to extend the thigh?
A) biceps femoris
B) semitendinosus
C) semimembranosus
D) vastus lateralis
Answer: C
Explanation:
A) The biceps femoris flexes the leg and also abducts the thigh.
B) The semitendinosus functions to flex the leg.
D) While the vastus lateralis functions to extend the leg, it is a muscle of the quadriceps femoris
group, not the hamstrings.
31) Which of the following muscles is NOT a component of the quadriceps femoris?
A) biceps femoris
B) vastus lateralis
C) vastus intermedius
D) vastus medialis
E) tectus femoris
Answer: A
Explanation:
A) The biceps femoris is one of the three muscles comprising the hamstring. It is a large, broad
muscle covering most of the lateral region of the thigh.
B) The quadriceps femoris group consists of the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus
intermedius, and rectus femoris. The biceps femoris is one of the three muscles comprising the
hamstring.
C) The quadriceps femoris group consists of the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus
intermedius, and rectus femoris. The biceps femoris is one of the three muscles comprising the
hamstring.
D) The quadriceps femoris group consists of the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus
intermedius and rectus femoris. The biceps femoris is one of the three muscles comprising the
hamstring.
E) The quadriceps femoris group consists of the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus
intermedius, and rectus femoris. The biceps femoris is one of the three muscles comprising the
hamstring.
32) Which muscle of the quadriceps femoris group lies deep to the rectus femoris?
A) vastus lateralis
B) vastus intermedius
C) vastus medialis
D) semimembranosus
Answer: B
Explanation:
A) The vastus lateralis is the large muscle on the anterolateral surface of the thigh.
C) The vastus medialis is on the medial surface of the femur just under the sartorius.
D) The semimembranosus is part of the hamstring group and is located medially to the
semitendinosus.
33) Which muscle of the hamstring group functions to extend the thigh?
A) biceps femoris
B) semitendinosus
C) semimembranosus
D) vastus lateralis
Answer: C
Explanation:
A) The biceps femoris flexes the leg and also abducts the thigh.
B) The semitendinosus functions to flex the leg.
D) While the vastus lateralis functions to extend the leg, it is a muscle of the quadriceps femoris
group, not the hamstrings.
Loading page 19...
19
34) Identify the fibularis longus in the following figure.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
Answer: B
Explanation:
A) Muscle "A" is the tibialis anterior.
C) Muscle "C" is the gastrocnemius.
D) Muscle "D" is the extensor digitorum longus.
E) Muscle "E" is the soleus.
34) Identify the fibularis longus in the following figure.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
Answer: B
Explanation:
A) Muscle "A" is the tibialis anterior.
C) Muscle "C" is the gastrocnemius.
D) Muscle "D" is the extensor digitorum longus.
E) Muscle "E" is the soleus.
Loading page 20...
20
35) Which of the following muscles functions to extend the foot?
A) extensor digitorum longus
B) flexor digitorum longus
C) fibularis longus
D) fibularis tertius
E) gastrocnemius
Answer: E
Explanation:
A) As the name implies, the extensor digitorum longus functions to extend the digits.
B) As the name implies, the flexor digitorum longus functions to flex the digits.
C) The fibularis longus acts to flex the foot.
D) The fibularis tertius extends the fifth digit and flexes the foot.
36) Which of the following muscles is correctly matched to its origin and insertion?
A) fibularis longus; originates on the tibial tuberosity and inserts on each of the five digits
B) extensor digitorum longus; originates on the lateral epicondyle of the femur and inserts on
each of the five digits
C) gastrocnemius; originates on the proximal ends of the tibia and fibula and inserts on the first
metatarsal
D) tibialis anterior; originates on the fibula and inserts on the calcaneus
E) fibularis brevis; originates on the fibula and inserts on the base of the fifth metatarsal
Answer: B
Explanation:
A) The fibularis longus originates on the proximal portion of the fibula and inserts on the bases
of the metatarsals.
C) The gastrocnemius has two heads of origin, medial on the knee's fascia and lateral on the
distal end of the femur, which unite at the calcaneal tendon and insert on the calcaneus.
D) The tibialis anterior originates on the proximal ends of the tibia and fibula and inserts on the
first metatarsal.
E) The fibularis brevis originates from the distal portion of the fibula and inserts on the base of
the fifth metatarsal.
37) Which two muscles act antagonistically?
A) tibialis anterior; fibularis longus
B) flexor digitorum longus; gastrocnemius
C) gastrocnemius; soleus
D) extensor digitorum longus; flexor digitorum longus
Answer: D
Explanation:
A) Both the tibialis anterior and fibularis longus flex the foot. Thus, these two muscles work
synergistically, not antagonistically.
B) The extensor digitorum longus extends the digits while the flexor digitorum longus flexes the
digits. Thus, these two muscles act antagonistically. The gastrocnemius extends the foot.
C) Both the gastrocnemius and soleus extend the foot. Thus, these two muscles work
synergistically, not antagonistically.
35) Which of the following muscles functions to extend the foot?
A) extensor digitorum longus
B) flexor digitorum longus
C) fibularis longus
D) fibularis tertius
E) gastrocnemius
Answer: E
Explanation:
A) As the name implies, the extensor digitorum longus functions to extend the digits.
B) As the name implies, the flexor digitorum longus functions to flex the digits.
C) The fibularis longus acts to flex the foot.
D) The fibularis tertius extends the fifth digit and flexes the foot.
36) Which of the following muscles is correctly matched to its origin and insertion?
A) fibularis longus; originates on the tibial tuberosity and inserts on each of the five digits
B) extensor digitorum longus; originates on the lateral epicondyle of the femur and inserts on
each of the five digits
C) gastrocnemius; originates on the proximal ends of the tibia and fibula and inserts on the first
metatarsal
D) tibialis anterior; originates on the fibula and inserts on the calcaneus
E) fibularis brevis; originates on the fibula and inserts on the base of the fifth metatarsal
Answer: B
Explanation:
A) The fibularis longus originates on the proximal portion of the fibula and inserts on the bases
of the metatarsals.
C) The gastrocnemius has two heads of origin, medial on the knee's fascia and lateral on the
distal end of the femur, which unite at the calcaneal tendon and insert on the calcaneus.
D) The tibialis anterior originates on the proximal ends of the tibia and fibula and inserts on the
first metatarsal.
E) The fibularis brevis originates from the distal portion of the fibula and inserts on the base of
the fifth metatarsal.
37) Which two muscles act antagonistically?
A) tibialis anterior; fibularis longus
B) flexor digitorum longus; gastrocnemius
C) gastrocnemius; soleus
D) extensor digitorum longus; flexor digitorum longus
Answer: D
Explanation:
A) Both the tibialis anterior and fibularis longus flex the foot. Thus, these two muscles work
synergistically, not antagonistically.
B) The extensor digitorum longus extends the digits while the flexor digitorum longus flexes the
digits. Thus, these two muscles act antagonistically. The gastrocnemius extends the foot.
C) Both the gastrocnemius and soleus extend the foot. Thus, these two muscles work
synergistically, not antagonistically.
Loading page 21...
21
38) Which muscle lies deep to the gastrocnemius?
A) extensor digitorum longus
B) fibularis longus
C) soleus
D) tibialis anterior
Answer: C
Explanation:
A) The extensor digitorum longus is located on the anterolateral border of the tibia.
B) The fibularis longus is a long, thin muscle that lies on the lateral surface of the hindlimb.
D) The tibialis anterior is located on the anterior surface of the tibia.
38) Which muscle lies deep to the gastrocnemius?
A) extensor digitorum longus
B) fibularis longus
C) soleus
D) tibialis anterior
Answer: C
Explanation:
A) The extensor digitorum longus is located on the anterolateral border of the tibia.
B) The fibularis longus is a long, thin muscle that lies on the lateral surface of the hindlimb.
D) The tibialis anterior is located on the anterior surface of the tibia.
Loading page 22...
22
Cat Dissection Exercise 2: Cat Nervous System
Cat Dissection Exercise 2: Pre-Lab Questions
1) Both cats and humans have pairs of spinal nerves extending from the spinal cord. While cats
have between 38 to 40 pairs, humans typically have ________ pairs.
A) 6
B) 12
C) 24
D) 31
Answer: D
Explanation:
A) Humans have 31 pairs of spinal nerves; cats have 38 to 40 pairs, depending on whether some
of the distal nerves have fused.
B) Humans have 31 pairs of spinal nerves; cats have 38 to 40 pairs, depending on whether some
of the distal nerves have fused.
C) Humans have 31 pairs of spinal nerves; cats have 38 to 40 pairs, depending on whether some
of the distal nerves have fused.
Cat Dissection Exercise 2: Cat Nervous System
Cat Dissection Exercise 2: Pre-Lab Questions
1) Both cats and humans have pairs of spinal nerves extending from the spinal cord. While cats
have between 38 to 40 pairs, humans typically have ________ pairs.
A) 6
B) 12
C) 24
D) 31
Answer: D
Explanation:
A) Humans have 31 pairs of spinal nerves; cats have 38 to 40 pairs, depending on whether some
of the distal nerves have fused.
B) Humans have 31 pairs of spinal nerves; cats have 38 to 40 pairs, depending on whether some
of the distal nerves have fused.
C) Humans have 31 pairs of spinal nerves; cats have 38 to 40 pairs, depending on whether some
of the distal nerves have fused.
Loading page 23...
23
2) Which nerve plexus is shown in this figure?
A) lumbar plexus
B) sacral plexus
C) brachial plexus
D) cervical plexus
Answer: C
Explanation:
A) The brachial plexus (shown) is a network formed by the intertwining of cervical nerves C6,
C7, and C8 and thoracic nerve T1. This plexus innervates muscles and other structures of the
shoulder, forelimb, and thoracic wall.
B) The sacral plexus is the neural network that supplies the muscles, and also the structures of
the hip and hindlimb. The brachial plexus (shown) is a network formed by the intertwining of
cervical nerves C6, C7, and C8 and thoracic nerve T1. This plexus innervates muscles and other
structures of the shoulder, forelimb, and thoracic wall.
D) The brachial plexus (shown) is a network formed by the intertwining of cervical nerves C6,
C7, and C8 and thoracic nerve T1. This plexus innervates muscles and other structures of the
shoulder, forelimb, and thoracic wall.
3) The sciatic nerve extends from which nerve plexus?
A) cervical
B) sacral
C) brachial
Answer: B
Explanation:
A) The large sciatic nerve supplies the muscles of the hindlimb and extends from the sacral
plexus.
C) The large sciatic nerve supplies the muscles of the hindlimb and extends from the sacral
plexus. The brachial plexus is a network formed by the intertwining of cervical nerves C6, C7,
and C8 and thoracic nerve T1. This plexus innervates muscles and other structures of the
shoulder, forelimb, and thoracic wall.
2) Which nerve plexus is shown in this figure?
A) lumbar plexus
B) sacral plexus
C) brachial plexus
D) cervical plexus
Answer: C
Explanation:
A) The brachial plexus (shown) is a network formed by the intertwining of cervical nerves C6,
C7, and C8 and thoracic nerve T1. This plexus innervates muscles and other structures of the
shoulder, forelimb, and thoracic wall.
B) The sacral plexus is the neural network that supplies the muscles, and also the structures of
the hip and hindlimb. The brachial plexus (shown) is a network formed by the intertwining of
cervical nerves C6, C7, and C8 and thoracic nerve T1. This plexus innervates muscles and other
structures of the shoulder, forelimb, and thoracic wall.
D) The brachial plexus (shown) is a network formed by the intertwining of cervical nerves C6,
C7, and C8 and thoracic nerve T1. This plexus innervates muscles and other structures of the
shoulder, forelimb, and thoracic wall.
3) The sciatic nerve extends from which nerve plexus?
A) cervical
B) sacral
C) brachial
Answer: B
Explanation:
A) The large sciatic nerve supplies the muscles of the hindlimb and extends from the sacral
plexus.
C) The large sciatic nerve supplies the muscles of the hindlimb and extends from the sacral
plexus. The brachial plexus is a network formed by the intertwining of cervical nerves C6, C7,
and C8 and thoracic nerve T1. This plexus innervates muscles and other structures of the
shoulder, forelimb, and thoracic wall.
Loading page 24...
24
4) To dissect the spinal cord, you must first cut through this, the outermost layer of the meninges.
A) dura mater
B) arachnoid mater
C) pia mater
Answer: A
Explanation:
B) The arachnoid mater is the middle layer of the meninges.
C) The pia mater is the delicate innermost layer of the meninges, which lies directly on the
surface of the spinal cord.
4) To dissect the spinal cord, you must first cut through this, the outermost layer of the meninges.
A) dura mater
B) arachnoid mater
C) pia mater
Answer: A
Explanation:
B) The arachnoid mater is the middle layer of the meninges.
C) The pia mater is the delicate innermost layer of the meninges, which lies directly on the
surface of the spinal cord.
Loading page 25...
25
Cat Dissection Exercise 2: Post-Lab Questions
1) Identify the radial nerve in the following image.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
Answer: D
Explanation:
A) Letter "A" is marking the dorsal thoracic nerve.
B) Letter "B" is marking the ulnar nerve.
C) Letter "C" is marking the median nerve.
E) Letter "E" is the musculocutaneous nerve.
Cat Dissection Exercise 2: Post-Lab Questions
1) Identify the radial nerve in the following image.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
Answer: D
Explanation:
A) Letter "A" is marking the dorsal thoracic nerve.
B) Letter "B" is marking the ulnar nerve.
C) Letter "C" is marking the median nerve.
E) Letter "E" is the musculocutaneous nerve.
Loading page 26...
26
2) Identify the median nerve in the following image.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
Answer: C
Explanation:
A) Letter "A" is marking the dorsal thoracic nerve.
B) Letter "B" is marking the ulnar nerve.
D) Letter "D" is marking the radial nerve.
E) Letter "E" is marking the musculocutaneous nerve.
3) Which nerve supplies the coracobrachial and biceps brachii muscles of the ventral forelimb
and the skin of the forelimb?
A) musculocutaneous nerve
B) radial nerve
C) median nerve
D) ulnar nerve
Answer: A
Explanation:
B) The radial nerve supplies the triceps brachii muscle and other dorsal muscles of the forelimb.
C) The median nerve supplies the muscles of the ventral antebrachium of the forelimb.
D) The ulnar nerve supplies the muscles of the antebrachium.
2) Identify the median nerve in the following image.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
Answer: C
Explanation:
A) Letter "A" is marking the dorsal thoracic nerve.
B) Letter "B" is marking the ulnar nerve.
D) Letter "D" is marking the radial nerve.
E) Letter "E" is marking the musculocutaneous nerve.
3) Which nerve supplies the coracobrachial and biceps brachii muscles of the ventral forelimb
and the skin of the forelimb?
A) musculocutaneous nerve
B) radial nerve
C) median nerve
D) ulnar nerve
Answer: A
Explanation:
B) The radial nerve supplies the triceps brachii muscle and other dorsal muscles of the forelimb.
C) The median nerve supplies the muscles of the ventral antebrachium of the forelimb.
D) The ulnar nerve supplies the muscles of the antebrachium.
Loading page 27...
27
4) Damage to the radial nerve would impact which muscle?
A) coracobrachialis
B) biceps brachii
C) triceps brachii
D) pectoralis
Answer: C
Explanation:
A) The musculocutaneous nerve supplies the coracobrachial and biceps brachii muscles of the
ventral forelimb and the skin of the forelimb.
B) The musculocutaneous nerve supplies the coracobrachial and biceps brachii muscles of the
ventral forelimb and the skin of the forelimb.
D) The ventral thoracic nerve supplies the pectoralis muscle.
4) Damage to the radial nerve would impact which muscle?
A) coracobrachialis
B) biceps brachii
C) triceps brachii
D) pectoralis
Answer: C
Explanation:
A) The musculocutaneous nerve supplies the coracobrachial and biceps brachii muscles of the
ventral forelimb and the skin of the forelimb.
B) The musculocutaneous nerve supplies the coracobrachial and biceps brachii muscles of the
ventral forelimb and the skin of the forelimb.
D) The ventral thoracic nerve supplies the pectoralis muscle.
Loading page 28...
28
5) Which nerve is the most posterior nerve of the brachial plexus?
A) ulnar nerve
B) radial nerve
C) brachial nerve
D) median nerve
Answer: A
Explanation:
B) Note the ulnar nerve, labeled "A," is the most posterior nerve of the brachial plexus. Moving
anteriorly from the ulnar nerve is the median nerve (B), the radial nerve (C), and the
musculocutaneous nerve (D).
C) Note the ulnar nerve, labeled "A," is the most posterior nerve of the brachial plexus. Moving
anteriorly from the ulnar nerve is the median nerve (B), the radial nerve (C), and the
musculocutaneous nerve (D).
5) Which nerve is the most posterior nerve of the brachial plexus?
A) ulnar nerve
B) radial nerve
C) brachial nerve
D) median nerve
Answer: A
Explanation:
B) Note the ulnar nerve, labeled "A," is the most posterior nerve of the brachial plexus. Moving
anteriorly from the ulnar nerve is the median nerve (B), the radial nerve (C), and the
musculocutaneous nerve (D).
C) Note the ulnar nerve, labeled "A," is the most posterior nerve of the brachial plexus. Moving
anteriorly from the ulnar nerve is the median nerve (B), the radial nerve (C), and the
musculocutaneous nerve (D).
Loading page 29...
29
D) Note the ulnar nerve, labeled "A," is the most posterior nerve of the brachial plexus. Moving
anteriorly from the ulnar nerve is the median nerve (B), the radial nerve (C), and the
musculocutaneous nerve (D).
6) Identify the common fibular nerve in the following figure.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Answer: D
Explanation:
A) The sciatic nerve is marked "A."
B) The femoral nerve is marked "B."
C) The tibial nerve is marked "C."
D) Note the ulnar nerve, labeled "A," is the most posterior nerve of the brachial plexus. Moving
anteriorly from the ulnar nerve is the median nerve (B), the radial nerve (C), and the
musculocutaneous nerve (D).
6) Identify the common fibular nerve in the following figure.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Answer: D
Explanation:
A) The sciatic nerve is marked "A."
B) The femoral nerve is marked "B."
C) The tibial nerve is marked "C."
Loading page 30...
30
7) Identify the sciatic nerve in the following figure.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Answer: A
Explanation:
B) The femoral nerve is marked "B."
C) The tibial nerve is marked "C."
D) The common fibular nerve is marked "D."
8) Which nerve extends along the lateral side of the hindlimb?
A) median nerve
B) tibial nerve
C) common fibular nerve
D) musculocutaneous nerve
Answer: C
Explanation:
A) The median nerve follows the brachial artery into the ventral forelimb and supplies the
muscles of the ventral antebrachium of the forelimb.
B) The tibial nerve extends along the medial side of the hindlimb.
D) The musculocutaneous nerve is superior to the radial nerve, and supplies the coracobrachial
and biceps brachii muscles of the ventral forelimb and the skin of the forelimb.
7) Identify the sciatic nerve in the following figure.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Answer: A
Explanation:
B) The femoral nerve is marked "B."
C) The tibial nerve is marked "C."
D) The common fibular nerve is marked "D."
8) Which nerve extends along the lateral side of the hindlimb?
A) median nerve
B) tibial nerve
C) common fibular nerve
D) musculocutaneous nerve
Answer: C
Explanation:
A) The median nerve follows the brachial artery into the ventral forelimb and supplies the
muscles of the ventral antebrachium of the forelimb.
B) The tibial nerve extends along the medial side of the hindlimb.
D) The musculocutaneous nerve is superior to the radial nerve, and supplies the coracobrachial
and biceps brachii muscles of the ventral forelimb and the skin of the forelimb.
Loading page 31...
30 more pages available. Scroll down to load them.
Preview Mode
Sign in to access the full document!
100%
Study Now!
XY-Copilot AI
Unlimited Access
Secure Payment
Instant Access
24/7 Support
AI Assistant
Document Details
Subject
Anatomy and Physiology