Human Biology: Concepts And Current Issues, 8th Edition Test Bank

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1Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues, 8e(Johnson)Chapter 1Human Biology, Science, and Society1.1Multiple-Choice Questions1) The branch of science that studies the natural world within the context of life isA) biology.B) geology.C) chemistry.D) physics.E) medicine.Answer: ATopic: Sec. 1.0Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.0GLO: G12) The process by which living organisms maintain a fairly constant internal environment despitechanges in the external environment is known asA) metabolism.B) biology.C) homeostasis.D) evolution.E) chemistry.Answer: CTopic: Sec. 1.1Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.1GLO: G13)Molecules of lifeinclude which one of the following?A) water, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, carbohydratesB) proteins, saturated fats, monosaccharides, but not polysaccharidesC) lipids and proteins onlyD) any noncarbon base moleculeE) nonsugar carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, waterAnswer: ATopic: Sec. 1.1Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.1GLO: G1

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24) Which one of the following is a TRUE statement?A) Molecules are considered to be the smallest unit capable of exhibiting all the characteristicsof life.B) Cells arise spontaneously from nonliving chemical elements.C) All living things are made up of at least one cell.D) Cells are incapable of maintaining homeostasis because they are too small.E) Complex organisms can be unicellular.Answer: CTopic: Sec. 1.1Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.1GLO: G15) Which one of the following is a CORRECT statement regarding metabolism?A) Few living organisms require raw materials and a constant source of energy.B) Plants get the raw materials they need for life processes entirely from the air.C) Cells maintain life through the breakdown of molecules and energy by chemical and physicalprocesses.D) Cells do not require energy to change molecules from one form to another.E) Animals use energy obtained directly from the sun and chemicals obtained from plants, otheranimals, air, and water.Answer: CTopic: Sec. 1.1Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.1GLO: G16) All of these criteria are used to classify an organism as a member of the plant, animal, or fungikingdom EXCEPT which one?A) the organism's life cycleB) the means by which the organism transports itselfC) the structure or body plan of the organismD) the mode of nutrition of the organismAnswer: BTopic: Sec. 1.2Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.2GLO: G1

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37) Which one of the following is a kingdom?A) EukaryaB) PrimatesC) ArchaeaD) AnimaliaE) BacteriaAnswer: DTopic: Sec. 1.2Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.2GLO: G18)Based on the figure above, which group of organisms is most closely related to members of theKingdom Animalia?A) ProtistaB) FungiC) PlantaeD) BacteriaE) ArchaeaAnswer: BTopic: Sec. 1.2Bloom's: Applying/AnalyzingLO: 1.2GLO: G3

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49) Which kingdom in the Domain Eukarya contains multicellular photosynthesizers?A) PlantaeB) BacteriaC) FungiD) ArchaeaE) AnimaliaAnswer: ATopic: Sec. 1.2Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.2GLO: G110) Which one of the following taxa (subgroups used in classification) applies to humans?A) MammalsB) ProtistaC) InvertebratesD) ProkaryaE) BacteriaAnswer: ATopic: Sec. 1.2Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.2GLO: G111) Which one of the following sequences represents taxa arranged in order from largest, mostall inclusive, to smallest?A) kingdom, domain, phylum, order, class, genus, species, familyB) domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, speciesC) domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, species, familyD) species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domainE) kingdom, phylum, domain, class, order, genus, species, familyAnswer: BTopic: Sec. 1.2Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.2GLO: G1

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512) Humans possess several characteristics that, when taken together, differentiate them fromother organisms. These characteristics include all of the following EXCEPT which one?A) opposable thumbsB) capacity for complex languageC) bipedalismD) large brain relative to body massE) the inability to maintain a constant internal body temperatureAnswer: ETopic: Sec. 1.2Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.2GLO: G113) Which one of the following best describes the evolutionary advantage of bipedalism?A) allows an organism to have precise control over the action of the thumb and fingersB) frees the hands for carrying objectsC) results in improved eye-hand coordinationD) in early humans, allowed for complex motions associated with the use of toolsE) increases the chance that an organism can communicate through the written wordAnswer: BTopic: Sec. 1.2Bloom's: Applying/AnalyzingLO: 1.2GLO: G214) Which one of the following sequences is CORRECT in terms of level of organization fromleast to most complex?A) cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organismB) atoms, cells, organs, community, populationC) atoms, cells, organism, organ systems, ecosystemD) tissues, organ systems, population, cells, organismAnswer: ATopic: Sec. 1.2Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.2GLO: G1

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615) Which one of the following is the lowest level of biological organization in whichevolutionary change can occur?A) cellB) organismC) communityD) populationAnswer: DTopic: Sec. 1.2Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.2GLO: G116) Which one of the following of the following statements is FALSE?A) Science is a process.B) Scientists use the scientific method to gain knowledge about the natural world.C) Because scientific knowledge is empirical, it cannot be tested.D) Knowledge gained through the scientific method can be used to predict the natural world.E) The scientific method involves many different ways of obtaining information.Answer: CTopic: Sec. 1.3Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.3GLO: G117) Which one of the following best describes the proper sequence of steps involved in thescientific method?a. state hypothesisb. observec. experimentd. support or disprove hypothesise. form a predictionA) b, a, d, e, cB) a, b, c, d, eC) b, a, e, c, dD) a, b, c, e, dE) e, b, a, c, dAnswer: CTopic: Sec. 1.3Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.3GLO: G1

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718)The graph above depicts the relative increase in autism in children from 1997 to 2007 living inCalifornia. In 2001, the additive thimerosal was removed from most childhood vaccines. Basedon the information presented in the graph, what can be concluded about the hypothesis thatthimerosal causes autism?A) Thimerosal, at the very least, contributes to the occurrence of autism as evidenced by thealmost logarithmic increase in children with autism from 2001 to 2007.B) Prior to 2001, thimerosal clearly influenced the cases of autism in California.C) A sharp decrease in the cases of autism would be expected after 2001 if thimerosal was thecausative agent of autism.D) The results of the study are inclusive.E) Thimerosal requires some other agent to help induce autism.Answer: CTopic: Sec. 1.5, Current IssueBloom's: Applying/AnalyzingLO: 1.5GLO: G519) Which one of the following statements regarding scientific theory is FALSE?A) A scientific theory is a speculation as to the possible outcome of an experiment.B) A hypothesis that has been repeatedly tested over time, and found to be true, usually becomesa scientific theory.C) A scientific theory explains scientific facts with a high degree of reliability.D) As new information is gained over time, scientific theories can be modified.E) The highest status that a hypothesis can achieve is becoming a scientific theory.Answer: ATopic: Sec. 1.3Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.3GLO: G1

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820) Peer review is essential to the scientific process becauseA) several experts in the field are able to scrutinize a finding before it can be published.B) the process immediately validates any hypotheses tested in the experiments.C) the process can lead to improvements in articles prior to being published.D) it is the primary means for informing the general public about new information in the field.E) it tests hypotheses proposed by other investigators.Answer: ATopic: Sec. 1.3Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.3GLO: G121) A farmer wants to improve crop yield in his fields by testing the effectiveness of a newpesticide available on the market. Which one of the following is the best control for thisexperiment?A) a higher concentration of new pesticide used on the control field than the experimental fieldB) more shade on the control field than on the experimental fieldC) a lower concentration of new pesticide used on the control field than on the experimental fieldD) more water on the control field than on the experimental fieldE) no new pesticide used on the control field; new pesticide used only on the experimental fieldAnswer: ETopic: Sec. 1.3Bloom's: Evaluating/CreatingLO: 1.3GLO: G522) According to a recent study of nearly 140,000 women who were enrolled in the Women'sHealth Initiative, women who breast-fed their babies had a lower risk of developing heart diseaseand diabetes later in life than women who did not breast-feed their babies. These researchfindings are an example ofA) causation.B) skepticism.C) hypothesis testing.D) correlation.E) deductive reasoning.Answer: DTopic: Sec. 1.5Bloom's: Applying/AnalyzingLO: 1.5GLO: G5

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923) How does scientific information in peer-reviewed journals differ from that in newspapers?A) Information is more technical; readers usually require a background in the field in order tounderstand the article.B) The article is written by a reporter, not a researcher.C) Articles often include political, ethical, and economic ramifications of the scientific findings.D) Information is less in-depth and easily understood by the average reader.E) Information is not approved by other scientists before its publication.Answer: ATopic: Sec. 1.4Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.4GLO: G124) One of the most common ways to get information out to a wide audience in the least amountof time regarding hot topics in science is by usingA) peer-reviewed journals.B) science magazines.C) the Discovery Channel on television.D) general interest news magazines or newspapers.E) books.Answer: DTopic: Sec. 1.4Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.4GLO: G125) A student needs information from the National Institutes of Health, a government agency.Which one of the following endings should he or she look for in the Internet address?A) eduB) comC) govD) nihE) orgAnswer: CTopic: Sec. 1.4Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.4GLO: G1

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1026) The Internet has been used as a rapid means to obtain information, including scientific ideas.Which one of the following statements about the Internet as a source of scientific information isFALSE?A) At present, the Internet is less regulated than broadcast and print media.B) Anyone can post "scientific" information, regardless of whether the information is misleadingor not true.C) Information on the Internet is generally very reliable because inaccurate information isquickly removed or corrected.D) Individuals and/or groups may post information to promote their own personal interests ratherthan ideas that have been tested through the scientific process.Answer: CTopic: Sec. 1.4Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.4GLO: G127) Approaching new information with a questioning attitude and looking for evidence tosupport the claim involvesA) inductive reasoning.B) the process of predicting an outcome.C) deductive reasoning.D) curiosity.E) skepticism.Answer: ETopic: Sec. 1.5Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.5GLO: G128) The process of displaying and organizing data to represent connections is known asA) algebra.B) differential equations.C) statistics.D) graphing.E) correlation and causation.Answer: CTopic: Sec. 1.5Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.5GLO: G1

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1129) In science, graphs are often used to display data collected from an experiment. Which one ofthe following is TRUE regarding a graph?A) Most graphs are plotted on three axes.B) The dependent variable is plotted on they-axis.C) Independent variables are generally not included on a graph.D) The horizontal axis is known as the ordinate.E) Graphs always involve plots of individual data points.Answer: BTopic: Sec. 1.5Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.5GLO: G130) Which one of the following is TRUE regarding knowledge gained through scientificinvestigation?A) The knowledge can be used to prove or disprove religious beliefs.B) Scientific knowledge cannot be used to improve human life through technology.C) The information can be used to detect problems at an early stage and correct mistakes.D) Society as a whole generally ignores scientific information.E) The knowledge has resulted in less-efficient sources of energy yet better health care.Answer: CTopic: Sec. 1.6Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.6GLO: G131) According to the Health & Wellness essay,The Growing Threat of Antibiotic-ResistantBacteria, which one of the following is TRUE?A) The more we use antibiotics, the more we encourage the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacterialstrains.B) Antibiotics should be prescribed to treat viral infections, such as the common cold.C) Consumers should support the use of antibiotics in livestock feeds and on fruit trees todecrease the incidence of food-borne infections.D) Antibiotics kill only harmful bacteria.E) Because of the indiscriminate use of antibiotics in medicine and society, some bacterialstrains have now become less resistant to almost all currently existing antibiotics.Answer: ATopic: Health & WellnessBloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.6GLO: G5

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1232) Which one of the following experiments would be considered acceptable in our society?A) Determining the effects of cocaine use on babies born to cocaine-using mothers.B) Determining the response of a patient's "incurable" cancer to a newly developed cancer drug.C) Testing the effects of radiation exposure on volunteers.D) Testing the effectiveness of a new AIDS vaccine using deliberate exposure of humanvolunteers to HIV.E) Testing the effectiveness of a newly developed antibiotic using deliberate exposure of humansto antibiotic-resistant bacteria.Answer: BTopic: Sec. 1.6Bloom's: Applying/AnalyzingLO: 1.6GLO: G51.2True/False Questions1) Because the natural world includes all energy and matter, it also includes all living organisms.Answer: TRUETopic: Sec. 1.1Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.1GLO: G12) Plants obtain their energy directly from the soil, air, and water in their environment.Answer: FALSETopic: Sec. 1.1Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.1GLO: G13) Human are only one species of many different primates that prefer to walk upright on twolegs.Answer: FALSETopic: Sec. 1.2Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.2GLO: G14) The kingdom Protista primarily includes multicellular eukaryotic organisms.Answer: FALSETopic: Sec. 1.2Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.2GLO: G1

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135) The validity of a prediction in the scientific method is determined by experimentation orobservation.Answer: TRUETopic: Sec. 1.3Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.3GLO: G16) "Double-Blind" experiments are designed so that only subjects do not know if they arereceiving placebo or drug.Answer: FALSETopic: Sec. 1.3Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.3GLO: G17) After years of experimentation and testing, it is possible to prove that a hypothesis is true, atwhich point it becomes absolute truth.Answer: FALSETopic: Sec. 1.3Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.3GLO: G18) A theory is a hypothesis that has been tested many times and continues to be supported.Answer: TRUETopic: Sec. 1.3Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.3GLO: G19) Special-interest groups are not permitted to post information as science on the Internet unlessit has undergone peer review.Answer: FALSETopic: Sec. 1.4Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.4GLO: G110) Scientific knowledge cannot prove or disprove the existence, or importance to us, of issuesthat fall outside of the natural world.Answer: TRUETopic: Sec. 1.6Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.6GLO: G5

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1411) The pertussis (whooping cough) vaccine has virtually eliminated whooping cough in theUnited States.Answer: FALSETopic: Current IssueBloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.6GLO: G512) The available evidence suggests that the measles vaccine may cause autism.Answer: FALSETopic: Current IssueBloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.6GLO: G5

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151.3Matching QuestionsMatch each criterion that defines living organisms to its example.A) Livings things grow and reproduce.B) Living things have a different molecular composition than nonliving things.C) Living things maintain homeostasis.D) Populations of living things evolve.E) Living things require energy and raw materials.F) Living things respond to their external environment.1) Many species of fish increase swimming activity when moving into colder waters.Topic: Sec. 1.1Bloom's: Applying/AnalyzingLO: 1.1GLO: G22) All animals consume plants, animals, or other organisms in their environment.Topic: Sec. 1.1Bloom's: Applying/AnalyzingLO: 1.1GLO: G23) Plants growing in flower beds around a house close leaf pores during the hot hours of the day.Topic: Sec. 1.1Bloom's: Applying/AnalyzingLO: 1.1GLO: G24) Through years of exposure, many insects have become resistant to insecticides used inagriculture.Topic: Sec. 1.1Bloom's: Applying/AnalyzingLO: 1.1GLO: G25) Chemical analysis of a plant indicates that it is primarily composed of carbon, hydrogen,nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorous; these elements are generally lacking in most rocks.Topic: Sec. 1.1Bloom's: Applying/AnalyzingLO: 1.1GLO: G2

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166) Skin cells, like the bacteria living on human skin, give rise to new individual cells.Topic: Sec. 1.1Bloom's: Applying/AnalyzingLO: 1.1GLO: G27) Certain blood vessels in humans constrict or dilate in during intense exercise.Topic: Sec. 1.1Bloom's: Applying/AnalyzingLO: 1.1GLO: G2Answers: 1) F 2) E 3) F 4) D 5) B 6) A 7) C

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17Match each domain or kingdom to its description.A) FungiB) BacteriaC) PlantaeD) AnimaliaE) ArchaeaF) Protista8) All consume other organisms for energy and are multicellular eukaryotes; members rangefrom simple sponges to complex primates like humans.Topic: Sec. 1.2Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.2GLO: G19) Some members are unicellular, while others are multicellular eukaryotes; some, but not all,undergo photosynthesis; protozoa and algae are common examples of the kingdom.Topic: Sec. 1.2Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.2GLO: G110) Members of this group are responsible for breaking down the bodies of dead organisms,thereby releasing nutrients back into the environment.Topic: Sec. 1.2Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.2GLO: G111) Organisms are single celled, lack membrane-bound nuclei or other cellular components, andare found everywhere on the planet.Topic: Sec. 1.2Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.2GLO: G112) This group includes multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that convert energy from the suninto food; tallest organisms on the planet.Topic: Sec. 1.2Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.2GLO: G1

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1813) This group includes unicellular prokaryotes that tend to live in extreme environments such ashot springs.Topic: Sec. 1.2Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.2GLO: G1Answers: 8) D 9) F 10) A 11) B 12) C 13) E

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19Each of the following terms is related to the scientific process. Match each to itsdescription.A) deductive reasoningB) inductive reasoningC) scientific methodD) controlled experimentE) hypothesisF) theory14) a possible explanation to a proposed problemTopic: Sec. 1.3Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.3GLO: G115) making a generalization from knowledge gained from specific casesTopic: Sec. 1.3Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.3GLO: G116) a hypothesis that has been extensively tested and found to be trueTopic: Sec. 1.3Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.3GLO: G117) the process of testing ideas and gaining information about the natural worldTopic: Sec. 1.3Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.3GLO: G118) using a general statement to predict/reason the outcome of a specific caseTopic: Sec. 1.3Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.3GLO: G119) when testing a prediction, this accounts for all possible variables except the variable beingconsideredTopic: Sec. 1.3Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.3GLO: G1

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20Answers: 14) E 15) B 16) F 17) C 18) A 19) D1.4Short Answer Questions1) The four organic molecules found in all living systems are carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids,and ________.Answer: proteinsTopic: Sec. 1.1Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.1GLO: G12) A(n) ________ is a category of the classification system of organisms that can includemultiple kingdoms.Answer: domainTopic: Sec. 1.2Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.2GLO: G13) The chemical and physical processes that are involved in energy and moleculartransformations in living organisms are collectively termed ________.Answer: metabolismTopic: Sec. 1.1Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.1GLO: G14) Organisms made up of one cell are said to be ________.Answer: unicellularTopic: Sec. 1.1Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.1GLO: G15) Unicellular microorganisms that lack a membrane-bound nucleus and other membranousorganelles are classified into two domains: ________ and ________.Answer: Bacteria; ArchaeaTopic: Sec. 1.2Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.2GLO: G1

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216) A group of similar organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring is a(n)________.Answer: speciesTopic: Sec. 1.2Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.2GLO: G17) The ability to stand upright and walk on two legs is termed ________.Answer: bipedalismTopic: Sec. 1.2Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.2GLO: G18) Humans can grasp objects between their thumbs and fingers because the thumb is ________.Answer: opposableTopic: Sec. 1.2Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.2GLO: G19) A group of tissues working together for a common purpose is known as a(n) ________.Answer: organTopic: Sec. 1.2Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.2GLO: G110) A factor of interest that can be manipulated to create an experimental group is called a(n)________.Answer: variableTopic: Sec. 1.3Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.3GLO: G111) The process by which an individual makes a generalization after examining specific cases istermed ________ reasoning.Answer: inductiveTopic: Sec. 1.3Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.3GLO: G1

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2212) A(n) ________ is a tentative statement about the natural world that can lead to a testablededuction.Answer: hypothesisTopic: Sec. 1.3Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.3GLO: G113) A carefully planned and executed manipulation of the natural world used to test a predictionin the scientific method is a(n) ________.Answer: experimentTopic: Sec. 1.3Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.3GLO: G114) The first step of the scientific method is ________.Answer: observationTopic: Sec. 1.3Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.3GLO: G115) A properly designed controlled experiment should include both a(n) ________ group anda(n) ________ group.Answer: experimental; controlTopic: Sec. 1.3Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.3GLO: G116) A display of data obtained from scientific experiments can often be described using a(n)________ to clarify the meaning of experimental results.Answer: graphTopic: Sec. 1.5Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.5GLO: G117) When data are presented in a graph, independent variables such as time or age should beplotted on the ________ axis.Answer:horizontal or abscissa or x-Topic: Sec. 1.5Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.5GLO: G1

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2318) Information that takes the form of a testimonial is considered to be ________ evidence, notscientific evidence because it is not based on empirical evidence.Answer: anecdotalTopic: Sec. 1.5Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.5GLO: G119) The application of scientific knowledge to improve the condition of humans is known as________.Answer: technologyTopic: Sec. 1.6Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.6GLO: G11.5Essay Questions1) Explain how the characteristics of bipedalism and opposable thumbs are advantageous tohumans.Answer: Bipedalism frees the hands and forearms for carrying items, tools, food, and evenchildren. Coupled with opposable thumbs, these features have undoubtedly contributed to betterdefense against predators, increased utilization of resources, and even advanced communicationthrough gesturing and written symbols.Topic: Sec. 1.2Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 1.2GLO: G82) You have been asked to test the effectiveness of drug X in preventing the growth of certaintypes of cancerous cells. Your responsibilities include designing and executing the experimentalapproach. After completing the study, you realize that no control variables were defined. Howwill this impact your drug study?Answer: Failure to define the control variables implies that many unintended factors were left tochange with the application of the drug. This would prevent you from determining whether anyinhibition of the cancerous cells was due to drug X or some other factor that you did not control.The result is the study would have to be repeated using appropriate controlled variables.Topic: Sec. 1.3Bloom's: Evaluating/CreatingLO: 1.3GLO: G8

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243) While out on a trip to a remote location in South America, you discovered an organism on abeautiful tropical flower. You have no idea about the classification of this organism. Whatfeatures or characteristics of the new organism should you look for to at least be able todetermine the kingdom it belongs to?Answer: By observing whether the creature feeds on other organisms, you can potentiallydetermine if it is an animal. Typically organisms that have a green appearance containchlorophyll, which suggests that it undergoes photosynthesis, a feature of Plants and Protists.Topic: Sec. 1.2Bloom's: Applying/AnalyzingLO: 1.2GLO: G8

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1Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues, 8e(Johnson)Chapter 2The Chemistry of Living Things2.1Multiple-Choice Questions1) Which one of the following is the study of matter and the energy that causes matter tocombine, break apart, and recombine in everything living and nonliving?A) biologyB) geologyC) chemistryD) physicsAnswer: CTopic: Sec. 2.0Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 2.1GLO: G12) Which one of the following characteristics applies to both living organisms and nonlivingthings?A) composed of matterB) capable of reproductionC) capable of storing energy for later useD) capable of growthE) composed of cellsAnswer: ATopic: Sec. 2.0Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 2.1GLO: G13) A mad scientist has ripped apart an atom and collected all the subatomic particles located inthe nucleus of the atom. Which one of the following has he collected?A) electronsB) protonsC) protons and neutronsD) electrons and protonsE) neutrons and electronsAnswer: CTopic: Sec. 2.1Bloom's: Applying/AnalyzingLO: 2.1GLO: G2

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24) Which one of the following statements is TRUE regarding the structure of the atom?A) The nucleus is composed of equal numbers of positively charged particles and negativelycharged particles.B) All electrons are located at the same distance from the nucleus.C) In small elements, such as carbon, electrons have a positive charge; in larger elements, suchas barium, electrons have a negative charge.D) Most of the mass of an atom is due to its protons and neutrons.E) Neutrons carry a negative charge.Answer: DTopic: Sec. 2.1Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 2.1GLO: G15) Which one of the following statements CORRECTLY describes the relationship between anatom and an element?A) An element is the fundamental unit of an atom.B) An element is composed of atoms that are joined together by ionic and covalent bonds.C) An atom is composed of different elements that are joined together by ionic and covalentbonds.D) An atom is the smallest unit of an element that demonstrates all of the properties of thatelement.Answer: DTopic: Sec. 2.1Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 2.1GLO: G16) The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom can best be determined byA) atomic mass.B) the subscript number following the chemical symbol.C) the atomic number.D) the charge of the atom.E) the chemical symbol.Answer: ATopic: Sec. 2.1Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 2.1GLO: G1

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37) Isotopes of an element have the same ________, but different ________.A) number of electron shells; numbers of protonsB) atomic number; atomic massesC) number of neutrons; numbers of protonsD) atomic mass; atomic numbersE) name; chemical symbolsAnswer: BTopic: Sec. 2.1Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 2.1GLO: G18) Radioisotopes have a number of uses in science and medicine. These uses include which oneof the following?A) repairing damaged heart tissueB) dating fossils and treating cancerC) providing the power supply in heart pacemakersD) treating asthma and regulating nerve transmissionE) curing diabetesAnswer: BTopic: Sec. 2.1Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 2.1GLO: G19) Chlorine has an atomic number of 17 and an atomic mass of 35. Therefore, chlorine has________ electrons and ________ neutrons.A) 17; 18B) 18; 17C) 17; 35D) 35; 17E) 18; 18Answer: ATopic: Sec. 2.1Bloom's: Applying/AnalyzingLO: 2.1GLO: G1

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410) Which one of the following is TRUE regarding electrons, shells, and energy?A) Electrons are located in shells around the nucleus.B) Electrons are attracted to each other because they have the same charge.C) In order for an electron to move closer to the nucleus, it must absorb energy.D) The innermost electron shell has the most potential energy.E) As an electron moves to a shell further from the nucleus, it loses energy.Answer: ATopic: Sec. 2.1Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 2.1GLO: G111) Which one of the following is a molecule?A) NaClB) OC) CD) LeadE) NAnswer: ATopic: Sec. 2.2Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 2.2GLO: G212) An example of potential energy is/areA) bonds that hold atoms together.B) energy for creating new molecules.C) dancing.D) running a marathon.Answer: ATopic: Sec. 2.2Bloom's: Applying/AnalyzingLO: 2.2GLO: G213) ________ bonds hold the hydrogens to the oxygen within a water molecule, and ________bonds attract one water molecule to other water molecules.A) Ionic; hydrogenB) Hydrogen; ionicC) Hydrogen; covalentD) Covalent; hydrogenE) Ionic; covalentAnswer: CTopic: Sec. 2.2Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 2.2GLO: G1

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514) Ions in body fluids of a human are referred to asA) electrolytes.B) osmolytes.C) isotopes.D) atoms.Answer: ATopic: Sec. 2.2Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 2.2GLO: G115) Which one of the following is TRUE regarding water?A) Each molecule of water consists of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygencovalently bonded to each other.B) The oxygen side of the water molecule is partially positive.C) Water is a type of ion.D) Electrons are shared equally between the atoms of water.E) Water molecules are attracted to each other by ionic bonds.Answer: ATopic: Sec. 2.2Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 2.2GLO: G116) Each of the following statements is TRUE regarding hydrogen bonds EXCEPT which one?A) Hydrogen bonds hold the two strands of DNA together.B) Hydrogen bonds are responsible for the attraction of Na+ to Cl-.C) Hydrogen bonds are responsible for some aspects of the three-dimensional structure ofproteins.D) Hydrogen bonds form between different water molecules.Answer: BTopic: Sec. 2.2Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 2.2GLO: G2

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617) Molecules such as water are referred to as ________ because they are electrically neutraloverall but still have partially charged regions.A) electrolytesB) polar moleculesC) ionsD) covalently chargedE) isotopesAnswer: BTopic: Sec. 2.2Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 2.2GLO: G118) Water is an excellent solvent for biological systems becauseA) it can maintain a relatively unstable temperature for chemical reactions to occur.B) compounds with ionic bonds as well as those with polar covalent bonds readily dissolve inwater.C) it is semisolid at body temperature, preventing it from flowing freely through the humanbody.D) it can rearrange its bonds, forming covalent bonds with other molecules once dissolved.Answer: BTopic: Sec. 2.3Bloom's: Remembering/UnderstandingLO: 2.3GLO: G119) A solution has been prepared by mixing glucose in water. Which one of the followingstatements CORRECTLY describes this solution?A) Both water and glucose are solutes.B) Both water and glucose are solvents.C) Water is the solute, and glucose is the solvent.D) Water is the solvent, and glucose is the solute.Answer: DTopic: Sec. 2.3Bloom's: Applying/AnalyzingLO: 2.3GLO: G2

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