Human Biology: Concepts And Current Issues, 8th Edition Test Bank

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1
Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues, 8e (Johnson)
Chapter 1 Human Biology, Science, and Society
1.1 Multiple-Choice Questions
1) The branch of science that studies the natural world within the context of life is
A) biology.
B) geology.
C) chemistry.
D) physics.
E) medicine.
Answer: A
Topic: Sec. 1.0
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.0
GLO: G1
2) The process by which living organisms maintain a fairly constant internal environment despite
changes in the external environment is known as
A) metabolism.
B) biology.
C) homeostasis.
D) evolution.
E) chemistry.
Answer: C
Topic: Sec. 1.1
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.1
GLO: G1
3) Molecules of life include which one of the following?
A) water, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates
B) proteins, saturated fats, monosaccharides, but not polysaccharides
C) lipids and proteins only
D) any noncarbon base molecule
E) nonsugar carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, water
Answer: A
Topic: Sec. 1.1
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.1
GLO: G1

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4) Which one of the following is a TRUE statement?
A) Molecules are considered to be the smallest unit capable of exhibiting all the characteristics
of life.
B) Cells arise spontaneously from nonliving chemical elements.
C) All living things are made up of at least one cell.
D) Cells are incapable of maintaining homeostasis because they are too small.
E) Complex organisms can be unicellular.
Answer: C
Topic: Sec. 1.1
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.1
GLO: G1
5) Which one of the following is a CORRECT statement regarding metabolism?
A) Few living organisms require raw materials and a constant source of energy.
B) Plants get the raw materials they need for life processes entirely from the air.
C) Cells maintain life through the breakdown of molecules and energy by chemical and physical
processes.
D) Cells do not require energy to change molecules from one form to another.
E) Animals use energy obtained directly from the sun and chemicals obtained from plants, other
animals, air, and water.
Answer: C
Topic: Sec. 1.1
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.1
GLO: G1
6) All of these criteria are used to classify an organism as a member of the plant, animal, or fungi
kingdom EXCEPT which one?
A) the organism's life cycle
B) the means by which the organism transports itself
C) the structure or body plan of the organism
D) the mode of nutrition of the organism
Answer: B
Topic: Sec. 1.2
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.2
GLO: G1

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9) Which kingdom in the Domain Eukarya contains multicellular photosynthesizers?
A) Plantae
B) Bacteria
C) Fungi
D) Archaea
E) Animalia
Answer: A
Topic: Sec. 1.2
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.2
GLO: G1
10) Which one of the following taxa (subgroups used in classification) applies to humans?
A) Mammals
B) Protista
C) Invertebrates
D) Prokarya
E) Bacteria
Answer: A
Topic: Sec. 1.2
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.2
GLO: G1
11) Which one of the following sequences represents taxa arranged in order from largest, most
all inclusive, to smallest?
A) kingdom, domain, phylum, order, class, genus, species, family
B) domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
C) domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, species, family
D) species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain
E) kingdom, phylum, domain, class, order, genus, species, family
Answer: B
Topic: Sec. 1.2
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.2
GLO: G1

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12) Humans possess several characteristics that, when taken together, differentiate them from
other organisms. These characteristics include all of the following EXCEPT which one?
A) opposable thumbs
B) capacity for complex language
C) bipedalism
D) large brain relative to body mass
E) the inability to maintain a constant internal body temperature
Answer: E
Topic: Sec. 1.2
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.2
GLO: G1
13) Which one of the following best describes the evolutionary advantage of bipedalism?
A) allows an organism to have precise control over the action of the thumb and fingers
B) frees the hands for carrying objects
C) results in improved eye-hand coordination
D) in early humans, allowed for complex motions associated with the use of tools
E) increases the chance that an organism can communicate through the written word
Answer: B
Topic: Sec. 1.2
Bloom's: Applying/Analyzing
LO: 1.2
GLO: G2
14) Which one of the following sequences is CORRECT in terms of level of organization from
least to most complex?
A) cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism
B) atoms, cells, organs, community, population
C) atoms, cells, organism, organ systems, ecosystem
D) tissues, organ systems, population, cells, organism
Answer: A
Topic: Sec. 1.2
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.2
GLO: G1

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15) Which one of the following is the lowest level of biological organization in which
evolutionary change can occur?
A) cell
B) organism
C) community
D) population
Answer: D
Topic: Sec. 1.2
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.2
GLO: G1
16) Which one of the following of the following statements is FALSE?
A) Science is a process.
B) Scientists use the scientific method to gain knowledge about the natural world.
C) Because scientific knowledge is empirical, it cannot be tested.
D) Knowledge gained through the scientific method can be used to predict the natural world.
E) The scientific method involves many different ways of obtaining information.
Answer: C
Topic: Sec. 1.3
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.3
GLO: G1
17) Which one of the following best describes the proper sequence of steps involved in the
scientific method?
a. state hypothesis
b. observe
c. experiment
d. support or disprove hypothesis
e. form a prediction
A) b, a, d, e, c
B) a, b, c, d, e
C) b, a, e, c, d
D) a, b, c, e, d
E) e, b, a, c, d
Answer: C
Topic: Sec. 1.3
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.3
GLO: G1

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18)
The graph above depicts the relative increase in autism in children from 1997 to 2007 living in
California. In 2001, the additive thimerosal was removed from most childhood vaccines. Based
on the information presented in the graph, what can be concluded about the hypothesis that
thimerosal causes autism?
A) Thimerosal, at the very least, contributes to the occurrence of autism as evidenced by the
almost logarithmic increase in children with autism from 2001 to 2007.
B) Prior to 2001, thimerosal clearly influenced the cases of autism in California.
C) A sharp decrease in the cases of autism would be expected after 2001 if thimerosal was the
causative agent of autism.
D) The results of the study are inclusive.
E) Thimerosal requires some other agent to help induce autism.
Answer: C
Topic: Sec. 1.5, Current Issue
Bloom's: Applying/Analyzing
LO: 1.5
GLO: G5
19) Which one of the following statements regarding scientific theory is FALSE?
A) A scientific theory is a speculation as to the possible outcome of an experiment.
B) A hypothesis that has been repeatedly tested over time, and found to be true, usually becomes
a scientific theory.
C) A scientific theory explains scientific facts with a high degree of reliability.
D) As new information is gained over time, scientific theories can be modified.
E) The highest status that a hypothesis can achieve is becoming a scientific theory.
Answer: A
Topic: Sec. 1.3
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.3
GLO: G1

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20) Peer review is essential to the scientific process because
A) several experts in the field are able to scrutinize a finding before it can be published.
B) the process immediately validates any hypotheses tested in the experiments.
C) the process can lead to improvements in articles prior to being published.
D) it is the primary means for informing the general public about new information in the field.
E) it tests hypotheses proposed by other investigators.
Answer: A
Topic: Sec. 1.3
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.3
GLO: G1
21) A farmer wants to improve crop yield in his fields by testing the effectiveness of a new
pesticide available on the market. Which one of the following is the best control for this
experiment?
A) a higher concentration of new pesticide used on the control field than the experimental field
B) more shade on the control field than on the experimental field
C) a lower concentration of new pesticide used on the control field than on the experimental field
D) more water on the control field than on the experimental field
E) no new pesticide used on the control field; new pesticide used only on the experimental field
Answer: E
Topic: Sec. 1.3
Bloom's: Evaluating/Creating
LO: 1.3
GLO: G5
22) According to a recent study of nearly 140,000 women who were enrolled in the Women's
Health Initiative, women who breast-fed their babies had a lower risk of developing heart disease
and diabetes later in life than women who did not breast-feed their babies. These research
findings are an example of
A) causation.
B) skepticism.
C) hypothesis testing.
D) correlation.
E) deductive reasoning.
Answer: D
Topic: Sec. 1.5
Bloom's: Applying/Analyzing
LO: 1.5
GLO: G5

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23) How does scientific information in peer-reviewed journals differ from that in newspapers?
A) Information is more technical; readers usually require a background in the field in order to
understand the article.
B) The article is written by a reporter, not a researcher.
C) Articles often include political, ethical, and economic ramifications of the scientific findings.
D) Information is less in-depth and easily understood by the average reader.
E) Information is not approved by other scientists before its publication.
Answer: A
Topic: Sec. 1.4
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.4
GLO: G1
24) One of the most common ways to get information out to a wide audience in the least amount
of time regarding hot topics in science is by using
A) peer-reviewed journals.
B) science magazines.
C) the Discovery Channel on television.
D) general interest news magazines or newspapers.
E) books.
Answer: D
Topic: Sec. 1.4
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.4
GLO: G1
25) A student needs information from the National Institutes of Health, a government agency.
Which one of the following endings should he or she look for in the Internet address?
A) edu
B) com
C) gov
D) nih
E) org
Answer: C
Topic: Sec. 1.4
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.4
GLO: G1

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26) The Internet has been used as a rapid means to obtain information, including scientific ideas.
Which one of the following statements about the Internet as a source of scientific information is
FALSE?
A) At present, the Internet is less regulated than broadcast and print media.
B) Anyone can post "scientific" information, regardless of whether the information is misleading
or not true.
C) Information on the Internet is generally very reliable because inaccurate information is
quickly removed or corrected.
D) Individuals and/or groups may post information to promote their own personal interests rather
than ideas that have been tested through the scientific process.
Answer: C
Topic: Sec. 1.4
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.4
GLO: G1
27) Approaching new information with a questioning attitude and looking for evidence to
support the claim involves
A) inductive reasoning.
B) the process of predicting an outcome.
C) deductive reasoning.
D) curiosity.
E) skepticism.
Answer: E
Topic: Sec. 1.5
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.5
GLO: G1
28) The process of displaying and organizing data to represent connections is known as
A) algebra.
B) differential equations.
C) statistics.
D) graphing.
E) correlation and causation.
Answer: C
Topic: Sec. 1.5
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.5
GLO: G1

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29) In science, graphs are often used to display data collected from an experiment. Which one of
the following is TRUE regarding a graph?
A) Most graphs are plotted on three axes.
B) The dependent variable is plotted on the y-axis.
C) Independent variables are generally not included on a graph.
D) The horizontal axis is known as the ordinate.
E) Graphs always involve plots of individual data points.
Answer: B
Topic: Sec. 1.5
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.5
GLO: G1
30) Which one of the following is TRUE regarding knowledge gained through scientific
investigation?
A) The knowledge can be used to prove or disprove religious beliefs.
B) Scientific knowledge cannot be used to improve human life through technology.
C) The information can be used to detect problems at an early stage and correct mistakes.
D) Society as a whole generally ignores scientific information.
E) The knowledge has resulted in less-efficient sources of energy yet better health care.
Answer: C
Topic: Sec. 1.6
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.6
GLO: G1
31) According to the Health & Wellness essay, The Growing Threat of Antibiotic-Resistant
Bacteria, which one of the following is TRUE?
A) The more we use antibiotics, the more we encourage the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacterial
strains.
B) Antibiotics should be prescribed to treat viral infections, such as the common cold.
C) Consumers should support the use of antibiotics in livestock feeds and on fruit trees to
decrease the incidence of food-borne infections.
D) Antibiotics kill only harmful bacteria.
E) Because of the indiscriminate use of antibiotics in medicine and society, some bacterial
strains have now become less resistant to almost all currently existing antibiotics.
Answer: A
Topic: Health & Wellness
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.6
GLO: G5

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32) Which one of the following experiments would be considered acceptable in our society?
A) Determining the effects of cocaine use on babies born to cocaine-using mothers.
B) Determining the response of a patient's "incurable" cancer to a newly developed cancer drug.
C) Testing the effects of radiation exposure on volunteers.
D) Testing the effectiveness of a new AIDS vaccine using deliberate exposure of human
volunteers to HIV.
E) Testing the effectiveness of a newly developed antibiotic using deliberate exposure of humans
to antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Answer: B
Topic: Sec. 1.6
Bloom's: Applying/Analyzing
LO: 1.6
GLO: G5
1.2 True/False Questions
1) Because the natural world includes all energy and matter, it also includes all living organisms.
Answer: TRUE
Topic: Sec. 1.1
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.1
GLO: G1
2) Plants obtain their energy directly from the soil, air, and water in their environment.
Answer: FALSE
Topic: Sec. 1.1
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.1
GLO: G1
3) Human are only one species of many different primates that prefer to walk upright on two
legs.
Answer: FALSE
Topic: Sec. 1.2
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.2
GLO: G1
4) The kingdom Protista primarily includes multicellular eukaryotic organisms.
Answer: FALSE
Topic: Sec. 1.2
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.2
GLO: G1

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5) The validity of a prediction in the scientific method is determined by experimentation or
observation.
Answer: TRUE
Topic: Sec. 1.3
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.3
GLO: G1
6) "Double-Blind" experiments are designed so that only subjects do not know if they are
receiving placebo or drug.
Answer: FALSE
Topic: Sec. 1.3
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.3
GLO: G1
7) After years of experimentation and testing, it is possible to prove that a hypothesis is true, at
which point it becomes absolute truth.
Answer: FALSE
Topic: Sec. 1.3
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.3
GLO: G1
8) A theory is a hypothesis that has been tested many times and continues to be supported.
Answer: TRUE
Topic: Sec. 1.3
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.3
GLO: G1
9) Special-interest groups are not permitted to post information as science on the Internet unless
it has undergone peer review.
Answer: FALSE
Topic: Sec. 1.4
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.4
GLO: G1
10) Scientific knowledge cannot prove or disprove the existence, or importance to us, of issues
that fall outside of the natural world.
Answer: TRUE
Topic: Sec. 1.6
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.6
GLO: G5

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1.3 Matching Questions
Match each criterion that defines living organisms to its example.
A) Livings things grow and reproduce.
B) Living things have a different molecular composition than nonliving things.
C) Living things maintain homeostasis.
D) Populations of living things evolve.
E) Living things require energy and raw materials.
F) Living things respond to their external environment.
1) Many species of fish increase swimming activity when moving into colder waters.
Topic: Sec. 1.1
Bloom's: Applying/Analyzing
LO: 1.1
GLO: G2
2) All animals consume plants, animals, or other organisms in their environment.
Topic: Sec. 1.1
Bloom's: Applying/Analyzing
LO: 1.1
GLO: G2
3) Plants growing in flower beds around a house close leaf pores during the hot hours of the day.
Topic: Sec. 1.1
Bloom's: Applying/Analyzing
LO: 1.1
GLO: G2
4) Through years of exposure, many insects have become resistant to insecticides used in
agriculture.
Topic: Sec. 1.1
Bloom's: Applying/Analyzing
LO: 1.1
GLO: G2
5) Chemical analysis of a plant indicates that it is primarily composed of carbon, hydrogen,
nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorous; these elements are generally lacking in most rocks.
Topic: Sec. 1.1
Bloom's: Applying/Analyzing
LO: 1.1
GLO: G2

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Match each domain or kingdom to its description.
A) Fungi
B) Bacteria
C) Plantae
D) Animalia
E) Archaea
F) Protista
8) All consume other organisms for energy and are multicellular eukaryotes; members range
from simple sponges to complex primates like humans.
Topic: Sec. 1.2
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.2
GLO: G1
9) Some members are unicellular, while others are multicellular eukaryotes; some, but not all,
undergo photosynthesis; protozoa and algae are common examples of the kingdom.
Topic: Sec. 1.2
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.2
GLO: G1
10) Members of this group are responsible for breaking down the bodies of dead organisms,
thereby releasing nutrients back into the environment.
Topic: Sec. 1.2
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.2
GLO: G1
11) Organisms are single celled, lack membrane-bound nuclei or other cellular components, and
are found everywhere on the planet.
Topic: Sec. 1.2
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.2
GLO: G1
12) This group includes multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that convert energy from the sun
into food; tallest organisms on the planet.
Topic: Sec. 1.2
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.2
GLO: G1

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Each of the following terms is related to the scientific process. Match each to its
description.
A) deductive reasoning
B) inductive reasoning
C) scientific method
D) controlled experiment
E) hypothesis
F) theory
14) a possible explanation to a proposed problem
Topic: Sec. 1.3
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.3
GLO: G1
15) making a generalization from knowledge gained from specific cases
Topic: Sec. 1.3
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.3
GLO: G1
16) a hypothesis that has been extensively tested and found to be true
Topic: Sec. 1.3
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.3
GLO: G1
17) the process of testing ideas and gaining information about the natural world
Topic: Sec. 1.3
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.3
GLO: G1
18) using a general statement to predict/reason the outcome of a specific case
Topic: Sec. 1.3
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.3
GLO: G1
19) when testing a prediction, this accounts for all possible variables except the variable being
considered
Topic: Sec. 1.3
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.3
GLO: G1

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Answers: 14) E 15) B 16) F 17) C 18) A 19) D
1.4 Short Answer Questions
1) The four organic molecules found in all living systems are carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids,
and ________.
Answer: proteins
Topic: Sec. 1.1
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.1
GLO: G1
2) A(n) ________ is a category of the classification system of organisms that can include
multiple kingdoms.
Answer: domain
Topic: Sec. 1.2
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.2
GLO: G1
3) The chemical and physical processes that are involved in energy and molecular
transformations in living organisms are collectively termed ________.
Answer: metabolism
Topic: Sec. 1.1
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.1
GLO: G1
4) Organisms made up of one cell are said to be ________.
Answer: unicellular
Topic: Sec. 1.1
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.1
GLO: G1
5) Unicellular microorganisms that lack a membrane-bound nucleus and other membranous
organelles are classified into two domains: ________ and ________.
Answer: Bacteria; Archaea
Topic: Sec. 1.2
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.2
GLO: G1

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6) A group of similar organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring is a(n)
________.
Answer: species
Topic: Sec. 1.2
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.2
GLO: G1
7) The ability to stand upright and walk on two legs is termed ________.
Answer: bipedalism
Topic: Sec. 1.2
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.2
GLO: G1
8) Humans can grasp objects between their thumbs and fingers because the thumb is ________.
Answer: opposable
Topic: Sec. 1.2
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.2
GLO: G1
9) A group of tissues working together for a common purpose is known as a(n) ________.
Answer: organ
Topic: Sec. 1.2
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.2
GLO: G1
10) A factor of interest that can be manipulated to create an experimental group is called a(n)
________.
Answer: variable
Topic: Sec. 1.3
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.3
GLO: G1
11) The process by which an individual makes a generalization after examining specific cases is
termed ________ reasoning.
Answer: inductive
Topic: Sec. 1.3
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.3
GLO: G1

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12) A(n) ________ is a tentative statement about the natural world that can lead to a testable
deduction.
Answer: hypothesis
Topic: Sec. 1.3
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.3
GLO: G1
13) A carefully planned and executed manipulation of the natural world used to test a prediction
in the scientific method is a(n) ________.
Answer: experiment
Topic: Sec. 1.3
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.3
GLO: G1
14) The first step of the scientific method is ________.
Answer: observation
Topic: Sec. 1.3
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.3
GLO: G1
15) A properly designed controlled experiment should include both a(n) ________ group and
a(n) ________ group.
Answer: experimental; control
Topic: Sec. 1.3
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.3
GLO: G1
16) A display of data obtained from scientific experiments can often be described using a(n)
________ to clarify the meaning of experimental results.
Answer: graph
Topic: Sec. 1.5
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.5
GLO: G1
17) When data are presented in a graph, independent variables such as time or age should be
plotted on the ________ axis.
Answer: horizontal or abscissa or x-
Topic: Sec. 1.5
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.5
GLO: G1

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18) Information that takes the form of a testimonial is considered to be ________ evidence, not
scientific evidence because it is not based on empirical evidence.
Answer: anecdotal
Topic: Sec. 1.5
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.5
GLO: G1
19) The application of scientific knowledge to improve the condition of humans is known as
________.
Answer: technology
Topic: Sec. 1.6
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.6
GLO: G1
1.5 Essay Questions
1) Explain how the characteristics of bipedalism and opposable thumbs are advantageous to
humans.
Answer: Bipedalism frees the hands and forearms for carrying items, tools, food, and even
children. Coupled with opposable thumbs, these features have undoubtedly contributed to better
defense against predators, increased utilization of resources, and even advanced communication
through gesturing and written symbols.
Topic: Sec. 1.2
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.2
GLO: G8
2) You have been asked to test the effectiveness of drug X in preventing the growth of certain
types of cancerous cells. Your responsibilities include designing and executing the experimental
approach. After completing the study, you realize that no control variables were defined. How
will this impact your drug study?
Answer: Failure to define the control variables implies that many unintended factors were left to
change with the application of the drug. This would prevent you from determining whether any
inhibition of the cancerous cells was due to drug X or some other factor that you did not control.
The result is the study would have to be repeated using appropriate controlled variables.
Topic: Sec. 1.3
Bloom's: Evaluating/Creating
LO: 1.3
GLO: G8

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3) While out on a trip to a remote location in South America, you discovered an organism on a
beautiful tropical flower. You have no idea about the classification of this organism. What
features or characteristics of the new organism should you look for to at least be able to
determine the kingdom it belongs to?
Answer: By observing whether the creature feeds on other organisms, you can potentially
determine if it is an animal. Typically organisms that have a green appearance contain
chlorophyll, which suggests that it undergoes photosynthesis, a feature of Plants and Protists.
Topic: Sec. 1.2
Bloom's: Applying/Analyzing
LO: 1.2
GLO: G8

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Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues, 8e (Johnson)
Chapter 2 The Chemistry of Living Things
2.1 Multiple-Choice Questions
1) Which one of the following is the study of matter and the energy that causes matter to
combine, break apart, and recombine in everything living and nonliving?
A) biology
B) geology
C) chemistry
D) physics
Answer: C
Topic: Sec. 2.0
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 2.1
GLO: G1
2) Which one of the following characteristics applies to both living organisms and nonliving
things?
A) composed of matter
B) capable of reproduction
C) capable of storing energy for later use
D) capable of growth
E) composed of cells
Answer: A
Topic: Sec. 2.0
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 2.1
GLO: G1
3) A mad scientist has ripped apart an atom and collected all the subatomic particles located in
the nucleus of the atom. Which one of the following has he collected?
A) electrons
B) protons
C) protons and neutrons
D) electrons and protons
E) neutrons and electrons
Answer: C
Topic: Sec. 2.1
Bloom's: Applying/Analyzing
LO: 2.1
GLO: G2

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2
4) Which one of the following statements is TRUE regarding the structure of the atom?
A) The nucleus is composed of equal numbers of positively charged particles and negatively
charged particles.
B) All electrons are located at the same distance from the nucleus.
C) In small elements, such as carbon, electrons have a positive charge; in larger elements, such
as barium, electrons have a negative charge.
D) Most of the mass of an atom is due to its protons and neutrons.
E) Neutrons carry a negative charge.
Answer: D
Topic: Sec. 2.1
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 2.1
GLO: G1
5) Which one of the following statements CORRECTLY describes the relationship between an
atom and an element?
A) An element is the fundamental unit of an atom.
B) An element is composed of atoms that are joined together by ionic and covalent bonds.
C) An atom is composed of different elements that are joined together by ionic and covalent
bonds.
D) An atom is the smallest unit of an element that demonstrates all of the properties of that
element.
Answer: D
Topic: Sec. 2.1
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 2.1
GLO: G1
6) The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom can best be determined by
A) atomic mass.
B) the subscript number following the chemical symbol.
C) the atomic number.
D) the charge of the atom.
E) the chemical symbol.
Answer: A
Topic: Sec. 2.1
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 2.1
GLO: G1

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7) Isotopes of an element have the same ________, but different ________.
A) number of electron shells; numbers of protons
B) atomic number; atomic masses
C) number of neutrons; numbers of protons
D) atomic mass; atomic numbers
E) name; chemical symbols
Answer: B
Topic: Sec. 2.1
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 2.1
GLO: G1
8) Radioisotopes have a number of uses in science and medicine. These uses include which one
of the following?
A) repairing damaged heart tissue
B) dating fossils and treating cancer
C) providing the power supply in heart pacemakers
D) treating asthma and regulating nerve transmission
E) curing diabetes
Answer: B
Topic: Sec. 2.1
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 2.1
GLO: G1
9) Chlorine has an atomic number of 17 and an atomic mass of 35. Therefore, chlorine has
________ electrons and ________ neutrons.
A) 17; 18
B) 18; 17
C) 17; 35
D) 35; 17
E) 18; 18
Answer: A
Topic: Sec. 2.1
Bloom's: Applying/Analyzing
LO: 2.1
GLO: G1

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4
10) Which one of the following is TRUE regarding electrons, shells, and energy?
A) Electrons are located in shells around the nucleus.
B) Electrons are attracted to each other because they have the same charge.
C) In order for an electron to move closer to the nucleus, it must absorb energy.
D) The innermost electron shell has the most potential energy.
E) As an electron moves to a shell further from the nucleus, it loses energy.
Answer: A
Topic: Sec. 2.1
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 2.1
GLO: G1
11) Which one of the following is a molecule?
A) NaCl
B) O
C) C
D) Lead
E) N
Answer: A
Topic: Sec. 2.2
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 2.2
GLO: G2
12) An example of potential energy is/are
A) bonds that hold atoms together.
B) energy for creating new molecules.
C) dancing.
D) running a marathon.
Answer: A
Topic: Sec. 2.2
Bloom's: Applying/Analyzing
LO: 2.2
GLO: G2
13) ________ bonds hold the hydrogens to the oxygen within a water molecule, and ________
bonds attract one water molecule to other water molecules.
A) Ionic; hydrogen
B) Hydrogen; ionic
C) Hydrogen; covalent
D) Covalent; hydrogen
E) Ionic; covalent
Answer: C
Topic: Sec. 2.2
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 2.2
GLO: G1

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14) Ions in body fluids of a human are referred to as
A) electrolytes.
B) osmolytes.
C) isotopes.
D) atoms.
Answer: A
Topic: Sec. 2.2
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 2.2
GLO: G1
15) Which one of the following is TRUE regarding water?
A) Each molecule of water consists of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen
covalently bonded to each other.
B) The oxygen side of the water molecule is partially positive.
C) Water is a type of ion.
D) Electrons are shared equally between the atoms of water.
E) Water molecules are attracted to each other by ionic bonds.
Answer: A
Topic: Sec. 2.2
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 2.2
GLO: G1
16) Each of the following statements is TRUE regarding hydrogen bonds EXCEPT which one?
A) Hydrogen bonds hold the two strands of DNA together.
B) Hydrogen bonds are responsible for the attraction of Na+ to Cl-.
C) Hydrogen bonds are responsible for some aspects of the three-dimensional structure of
proteins.
D) Hydrogen bonds form between different water molecules.
Answer: B
Topic: Sec. 2.2
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 2.2
GLO: G2

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6
17) Molecules such as water are referred to as ________ because they are electrically neutral
overall but still have partially charged regions.
A) electrolytes
B) polar molecules
C) ions
D) covalently charged
E) isotopes
Answer: B
Topic: Sec. 2.2
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 2.2
GLO: G1
18) Water is an excellent solvent for biological systems because
A) it can maintain a relatively unstable temperature for chemical reactions to occur.
B) compounds with ionic bonds as well as those with polar covalent bonds readily dissolve in
water.
C) it is semisolid at body temperature, preventing it from flowing freely through the human
body.
D) it can rearrange its bonds, forming covalent bonds with other molecules once dissolved.
Answer: B
Topic: Sec. 2.3
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 2.3
GLO: G1
19) A solution has been prepared by mixing glucose in water. Which one of the following
statements CORRECTLY describes this solution?
A) Both water and glucose are solutes.
B) Both water and glucose are solvents.
C) Water is the solute, and glucose is the solvent.
D) Water is the solvent, and glucose is the solute.
Answer: D
Topic: Sec. 2.3
Bloom's: Applying/Analyzing
LO: 2.3
GLO: G2

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Human Biology: Concepts And Current Issues, 8th Edition Test Bank

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