Human Heredity: Principles and Issues 11th Edition Test Bank

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Chapter01-APerspectiveonHumanGeneticsTrue/False1.Normalwhitebloodcells(calledBcells)andcancerousBcellsthatcauseleukemiabothcarryauniquesurfaceproteincalledCD-19.a.Trueb.FalseANSWER:TrueDIFFICULTY:Bloom's:RememberREFERENCES:1-1GeneticsandTranslationalMedicineLEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-1-1-Explaintheconnectionbetweengeneticresearchandclinicalmedicineasitrelatestocancertreatment.2.Geneticmodificationofimmunecellshasnotbeenshowntobeaneffectiveleukemiatreatment.a.Trueb.FalseANSWER:FalseDIFFICULTY:Bloom's:RememberREFERENCES:1-1GeneticsandTranslationalMedicineLEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-1-1-Explaintheconnectionbetweengeneticresearchandclinicalmedicineasitrelatestocancertreatment.3.Thehumangenomecarriesapproximately20,000genes.a.Trueb.FalseANSWER:TrueDIFFICULTY:Bloom's:RememberREFERENCES:1-7WhatImpactIsGenomicsHaving?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-7-1-Describegenomesequencingandillustratevariousmethodsofuseinthetreatmentofdisease,genetictesting,andplantandanimalmodification.4.Intheyearsafterthecompletionofthehumangenomeproject,genomesequencingrevealedsurprisinglylittleamountofvariationinthesequenceandarrangementofnucleotidesinhumans.a.Trueb.FalseANSWER:FalseDIFFICULTY:Bloom's:UnderstandREFERENCES:1-7WhatImpactIsGenomicsHaving?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-7-1-Describegenomesequencingandillustratevariousmethodsofuseinthetreatmentofdisease,genetictesting,andplantandanimalmodification.5.Insomesocieties,thebirthofadeformedchildisregardedasasignofimpendingwarorfamine.a.Trueb.FalseANSWER:TrueDIFFICULTY:Bloom's:RememberREFERENCES:1-3WhatAreGenesandHowDoTheyWork?(GeneticDisordersinCultureandArt)LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-3-2-Describetheroleofgenesintheproductionofproteins.

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Chapter01-APerspectiveonHumanGenetics6.GenesarepreciselycopiedduringtheprocessofDNAreplicationandneverundergoanychange.a.Trueb.FalseANSWER:FalseDIFFICULTY:Bloom's:UnderstandREFERENCES:1-3WhatAreGenesandHowDoTheyWork?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-3-1-IdentifybasicgenecomponentsanddiagramthestructureofaDNAmolecule.7.TheU.S.hasstayedaheadoftheissuessurroundinggenetictechnologybyimplementingground-breakingpublicpolicyandlaws.a.Trueb.FalseANSWER:FalseDIFFICULTY:Bloom's:UnderstandREFERENCES:1-2GeneticsIstheKeytoBiologyLEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-2-1-Definethetermgeneticsandsummarizeitsroleinourunderstandingofallofbiology.8.Theseparationofgenesduringtheformationofthespermandeggandthereunionofgenesatfertilizationisexplainedbythebehaviorofchromosomesinaformofcelldivisioncalledmeiosis.a.Trueb.FalseANSWER:TrueDIFFICULTY:Bloom's:RememberREFERENCES:1-4HowAreGenesTransmittedfromParentstoOffspring?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-4-2-ExplainhowMendel’sresearchwithpeaplantshasincreasedourunderstandingofhowspecifictraitsarepassedfromparenttooffspringbygenes.9.Geneticdiscoveriesmadeinoneorganismcannotnecessarilybeappliedtootherspecies.a.Trueb.FalseANSWER:FalseDIFFICULTY:Bloom's:UnderstandREFERENCES:1-5HowDoScientistsStudyGenes?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-5-1-Compareandcontrastthedifferentmethodsscientistsusetostudygenetics.10.TheImmigrationRestrictionActof1924wassupportedbyresearchthatdemonstratedthatWesternEuropeansweregeneticallysuperiortoEasternEuropeans.a.Trueb.FalseANSWER:FalseDIFFICULTY:Bloom's:UnderstandREFERENCES:1-6HasGeneticsAffectedSocialPolicyandLaw?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-6-2-Assessthesocialandpoliticalramificationsofeugenicspolicies.

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Chapter01-APerspectiveonHumanGeneticsMultipleChoice11.Whatisthegreatestriskfactorforcancer?a.familyhistoryb.agec.environmentaltoxinsd.diete.physicalinactivityANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:Bloom's:RememberREFERENCES:GeneticsandTranslationalMedicineLEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-1-1-Explaintheconnectionbetweengeneticresearchandclinicalmedicineasitrelatestocancertreatment.12.Theimmunesystem____.a.worksbyattackinganythingrecognizedasforeignb.playsnoroleinfightingcancerc.oftenacceleratesdevelopmentofmalignantcancersd.worksbyturningoffspecificgenesinanindividual’sDNAe.ishighlyresistanttogeneticmodificationANSWER:aDIFFICULTY:Bloom's:UnderstandREFERENCES:GeneticsandTranslationalMedicineLEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-1-1-Explaintheconnectionbetweengeneticresearchandclinicalmedicineasitrelatestocancertreatment.13.Whatisanexampleofbasicresearch?a.Developinganewdiagnostictestb.Synthesizingproteinsfortreatingdiseasec.Manufacturingavaccined.Developinganewdrugtotreatdiabetese.LearninghowplantsturncarbondioxideintosugarANSWER:eDIFFICULTY:Bloom's:UnderstandREFERENCES:HowDoScientistsStudyGenes?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-5-2-Differentiatebetweenbasicandappliedresearchandillustratehoweachapproachisusedinthestudyofgenetics.

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Chapter01-APerspectiveonHumanGenetics14.Geneticsisdefinedasthescientificstudyof____.a.diseasesb.DNAc.heredityd.chromosomestructuree.cellstructureANSWER:cDIFFICULTY:Bloom's:RememberREFERENCES:1-2GeneticsIstheKeytoBiologyLEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-2-1-Definethetermgeneticsandsummarizeitsroleinourunderstandingofallofbiology.15.TheDNAcomponentsadenine,thymine,guanine,andcytosineareexamplesof____.a.phosphatesb.sugarsc.basesd.genese.ribosomesANSWER:cDIFFICULTY:Bloom's:UnderstandREFERENCES:1-3WhatAreGenesandHowDoTheyWork?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-3-1-IdentifybasicgenecomponentsanddiagramthestructureofaDNAmolecule.16.GregorMendel____.a.discoveredthestructureofDNAb.claimedthateachindividualcarriesapairof"factors"foragiventraitc.demonstratedthattraitscarriedbyparentsare“blended”intheiroffspringd.cross-bredthirtydifferentspeciesofpeaplantsoveraspanoffiftyyearse.reasonedthateachparentcarriesonegeneforaspecifictraitANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:Bloom's:UnderstandREFERENCES:1-4HowAreGenesTransmittedfromParentstoOffspring?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-4-1-DiscussGregorMendelandhisroleintheearlyscienceofgenetics.

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Chapter01-APerspectiveonHumanGenetics17.WhatMendelcalled“factors,”wenowcall____.a.nucleotidesb.DNAc.chromosomesd.genese.basesANSWER:dDIFFICULTY:Bloom's:RememberREFERENCES:1-4HowAreGenesTransmittedfromParentstoOffspring?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-4-2-ExplainhowMendel’sresearchwithpeaplantshasincreasedourunderstandingofhowspecifictraitsarepassedfromparenttooffspringbygenes.18.BeforeMendel,mostpeoplewouldhavepredictedthatacrossofaredrosewithayellowrosewouldproduce____.a.allredrosesb.allyellowrosesc.allorangerosesd.abouthalfyellowrosesandhalfredrosese.aboutthree-fourthsredrosesandone-fourthyellowrosesANSWER:cDIFFICULTY:Bloom's:UnderstandREFERENCES:1-4HowAreGenesTransmittedfromParentstoOffspring?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-4-2-ExplainhowMendel’sresearchwithpeaplantshasincreasedourunderstandingofhowspecifictraitsarepassedfromparenttooffspringbygenes.19.Themainpurposeofpreparingkaryotypesisto____.a.prepareforgeneextractionsb.determinegenderc.determinewhichgenesareonwhichchromosomesd.separateDNAintoitscomponentpartse.diagnoseorruleoutcertaingeneticdisordersANSWER:eDIFFICULTY:Bloom's:UnderstandREFERENCES:1-5HowDoScientistsStudyGenes?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-5-1-Compareandcontrastthedifferentmethodsscientistsusetostudygenetics.20.Eugenics____.a.hasbeenscientificallytestedandshowntobeavalidtheoryb.isadubiousmethodforimprovingthehumanspeciesthroughselectivebreedingc.assumesthathumantraitsaremuchmoreinfluencedbyenvironmentthanbygenesd.hadmajorsocialramificationsinGermanybutislargelydismissedintheUnitedStatese.wasbasedonfaultykaryotypingandDNAanalysisANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:Bloom's:UnderstandREFERENCES:1-6HasGeneticsAffectedSocialPolicyandLaw?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-6-2-Assessthesocialandpoliticalramificationsofeugenicspolicies.

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Chapter01-APerspectiveonHumanGenetics21.CarrieBuckissignificantinthehistoryofgeneticsbecauseshe____.a.wasawell-knownadvocateforeugenicsb.becamethefirstwomangeneticistc.wassterilizedaftertheU.S.SupremeCourtdeterminedshewasfeeblemindedd.discoveredhowtogeneticallymodifycorntoberesistanttoherbicidese.istheauthorofthefirstbiographyofGregorMendelANSWER:cDIFFICULTY:Bloom's:RememberREFERENCES:1-6HasGeneticsAffectedSocialPolicyandLaw?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-6-3-SummarizetheflawsineugenicstheoryandcritiqueitsinfluenceintheU.S.duringtheearly20thcentury.22.Hereditarianismistheideathatallhumantraitsare____.a.partlyinfluencedbyenvironmentb.traceabletoourearliestancestorsc.influencedequallybygenesandenvironmentd.determinedonlybygenese.immutablefromgenerationtogenerationANSWER:dDIFFICULTY:Bloom's:UnderstandREFERENCES:1-6HasGeneticsAffectedSocialPolicyandLaw?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-6-1-ExplainthefieldofeugenicsasproposedbyFrancisGalton.23.ThedeclineoftheeugenicsmovementintheU.S.intheearly20thcenturyresultedfrom____.a.breakthroughsingenetictechnologyb.violentprotestsbythemedicalcommunityc.theabilitytomanipulategeneexpressiond.socialoutrageatthenumberofdeathscausedbybotchedsterilizationse.itsmisuseforsocialandpoliticalpurposesbytheNazisANSWER:eDIFFICULTY:Bloom's:UnderstandREFERENCES:1-6HasGeneticsAffectedSocialPolicyandLaw?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-6-3-SummarizetheflawsineugenicstheoryandcritiqueitsinfluenceintheU.S.duringtheearly20thcentury.

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Chapter01-APerspectiveonHumanGenetics24.Inducedpluripotentstemcellsare____a.producedfromnormalbodycellsb.notusedforhumangeneticresearchc.amajorcauseofcancerd.growninthelabtoproduceclonese.isolatedfromembryosANSWER:aDIFFICULTY:Bloom's:UnderstandREFERENCES:1-7WhatImpactIsGenomicsHaving?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-7-1-Describegenomesequencingandillustratevariousmethodsofuseinthetreatmentofdisease,genetictesting,andplantandanimalmodification.25.Genetherapycanbestbedescribedasthe____.a.repairofadefect(mutation)inageneb.insertionofnormalgenestoactinplaceofmutantgenesc.insertionofhumangenesintootherorganismsd.cloningofgenestoproduceandpurifytherapeuticallyusefulproteinse.mappingofallhumangeneticinformationANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:Bloom's:UnderstandREFERENCES:1-5HowDoScientistsStudyGenes?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-5-1-Compareandcontrastthedifferentmethodsscientistsusetostudygenetics.26.Themethodsof____havehadthegreatestimpactonhumangeneticsinrecentdecades.a.cytogeneticsb.moleculargeneticsc.transmissiongeneticsd.translationalmedicinee.genomicsANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:Bloom's:UnderstandREFERENCES:1-3WhatAreGenesandHowDoTheyWork?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-3-1-IdentifybasicgenecomponentsanddiagramthestructureofaDNAmolecule.

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Chapter01-APerspectiveonHumanGenetics27.Ahumanpedigree____.a.isafamilytreechartshowingbirthanddeathdatesb.certifiesthatanindividualhasaparticulargenomec.certifiesgoodgenetichealthd.representstheinheritanceofatraitthroughseveralgenerationsofafamilye.summarizesthehealthhistoryofanindividualandhis/herparentsANSWER:dDIFFICULTY:Bloom's:RememberREFERENCES:1-5HowDoScientistsStudyGenesLEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-5-1-Compareandcontrastthedifferentmethodsscientistsusetostudygenetics.28.Thedevelopmentanduseof____usheredintheeraofgenomicswhengeneticistsbeganplanningwaystosequencethe3.2billionnucleotidesinthehumangenome.a.transmissiongeneticsb.theelectronmicroscopec.recombinantDNAtechnologyd.cytogeneticse.karyotypesANSWER:cDIFFICULTY:Bloom's:UnderstandREFERENCES:1-7WhatImpactIsGenomicsHaving?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-7-1-Describegenomesequencingandillustratevariousmethodsofuseinthetreatmentofdisease,genetictesting,andplantandanimalmodification.29.Thenucleotidesequenceencodedinagenedefinesthe____thatmakeupproteins.a.phosphategroupsb.polypeptidesc.ribosomesd.haplotypese.aminoacidsANSWER:aDIFFICULTY:Bloom's:UnderstandREFERENCES:1-3WhatAreGenesandHowDoTheyWork?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-3-2-Describetheroleofgenesintheproductionofproteins.

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Chapter01-APerspectiveonHumanGenetics30.Transmissiongenetics____.a.studiesthepatternofinheritanceastraitsarepassedfromgenerationtogenerationb.reconstructsthepatternofinheritanceassociatedwithatraitasitpassesthroughseveralgenerationsc.mapsgenestostudychromosomestructureandabnormalitiesinchromosomenumbersandorganizationd.usesrecombinantDNAtechnologytoidentify,isolate,andproducemillionsofcopiesofgenesthatcanbestudiedinthelaboratorye.sequencesthecompletehumangenomeANSWER:aDIFFICULTY:Bloom's:UnderstandREFERENCES:1-5HowDoScientistsStudyGenes?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-5-1-Compareandcontrastthedifferentmethodsscientistsusetostudygenetics.Completion31.Theunionofresearchandmedicinethatseekstoquicklytranslateresearchfindingsintomethodsforthediagnosisandtreatmentofdiseasesiscalled____________________.ANSWER:translationalmedicineDIFFICULTY:Bloom's:RememberREFERENCES:1-1GeneticsandTranslationalMedicineLEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-1-1-Explaintheconnectionbetweengeneticresearchandclinicalmedicineasitrelatestocancertreatment.32.Thesimplesttypeofvariationinagenomesequenceisasinglenucleotidechangecalleda(n)ANSWER:singlenucleotidepolymorphism(SNP)DIFFICULTY:Bloom's:UnderstandREFERENCES:1-7WhatImpactIsGenomicsHaving?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-7-1-Describegenomesequencingandillustratevariousmethodsofuseinthetreatmentofdisease,genetictesting,andplantandanimalmodification.33.Asetofgeneticmarkerslocatedclosetogetheronasingle____________________iscalledahaplotype.ANSWER:chromosomechromosomeregionDIFFICULTY:Bloom's:UnderstandREFERENCES:1-7WhatImpactIsGenomicsHaving?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-7-1-Describegenomesequencingandillustratevariousmethodsofuseinthetreatmentofdisease,genetictesting,andplantandanimalmodification.

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Chapter01-APerspectiveonHumanGenetics34.Newtechnologyhasmadeitpossibletoscreenanindividual’sentiregenome,insteadoftestingforonegeneticdisorderatatime.Thistechnologyuses____________________thatcarryDNAfromtheentirehumangenome.ANSWER:DNAmicroarraysDNAchipsmicroarrayschipsDIFFICULTY:Bloom's:RememberREFERENCES:1-7WhatImpactIsGenomicsHaving?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-7-1-Describegenomesequencingandillustratevariousmethodsofuseinthetreatmentofdisease,genetictesting,andplantandanimalmodification.35.Inthemid-twentiethcentury,researchersdiscoveredthatgenesaremadeof____________________andthatthismoleculeispartofcellularstructuresknownas____________________.ANSWER:DNA,chromosomesDIFFICULTY:Bloom's:UnderstandREFERENCES:1-4HowAreGenesTransmittedfromParentstoOffspring?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-4-2-ExplainhowMendel’sresearchwithpeaplantshasincreasedourunderstandingofhowspecifictraitsarepassedfromparenttooffspringbygenes.36.Theprocessinwhichgenesmovefromonechromosometoanotheriscalled____________________.ANSWER:recombinationrecombiningDIFFICULTY:Bloom's:RememberREFERENCES:1-3WhatAreGenesandHowDoTheyWork?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-3-2-Describetheroleofgenesintheproductionofproteins.37.EachnucleotideinastrandofDNAiscomposedofa(n)____________________,a(n)____________________,anda(n)____________________.ANSWER:sugar,base,phosphategroupbase,sugar,phosphategroupsugar,phosphategroup,basephosphategroup,sugar,basebase,phosphategroup,sugarphosphategroup,base,sugarDIFFICULTY:Bloom's:RememberREFERENCES:1-3WhatAreGenesandHowDoTheyWork?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-3-1-IdentifybasicgenecomponentsanddiagramthestructureofaDNAmolecule.38.Chemicalsubunitscalledaminoacidscombinetomake____________________.ANSWER:proteinsDIFFICULTY:Bloom's:UnderstandREFERENCES:1-3WhatAreGenesandHowDoTheyWork?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-3-2-Describetheroleofgenesintheproductionofproteins.

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Chapter01-APerspectiveonHumanGenetics39.Transmissiongeneticsstudiesthepatternof____________________astraitsarepassedfromgenerationtogeneration.ANSWER:inheritanceDIFFICULTY:Bloom's:UnderstandREFERENCES:1-5HowDoScientistsStudyGenes?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-5-1-Compareandcontrastthedifferentmethodsscientistsusetostudygenetics.40.____________________isthebranchofgeneticsthatisusedtomapgenesandstudychromosomestructureandabnormalitiesinchromosomenumberandorganization.ANSWER:CytogeneticsDIFFICULTY:Bloom's:RememberREFERENCES:1-5HowDoScientistsStudyGenes?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-5-1-Compareandcontrastthedifferentmethodsscientistsusetostudygenetics.41.DNAisahelicalmoleculeconsistingoftwostrandsof____________________thatistheprimarycarrierof____________________information.ANSWER:nucleotides,geneticDIFFICULTY:Bloom's:UnderstandREFERENCES:1-3WhatAreGenesandHowDoTheyWork?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-3-1-IdentifybasicgenecomponentsanddiagramthestructureofaDNAmolecule.42.In1927,theU.S.SupremeCourtupheldtherightofstatestouse____________________asameansofpreventingreproductionbythosedeemed“unfit.”ANSWER:sterilizationeugenicsterilizationDIFFICULTY:Bloom's:RememberREFERENCES:1-6HasGeneticsAffectedSocialPolicyandLaw?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-6-2-Assessthesocialandpoliticalramificationsofeugenicspolicies.43.RecombinantDNAtechnologyhasbeenusedforover30yearstoproduce____________________inbacteriaforthetreatmentofdiabetes.ANSWER:insulinhumaninsulinDIFFICULTY:Bloom's:RememberREFERENCES:1-7WhatImpactIsGenomicsHaving?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-7-1-Describegenomesequencingandillustratevariousmethodsofuseinthetreatmentofdisease,genetictesting,andplantandanimalmodification.

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Chapter01-APerspectiveonHumanGenetics44.Resultsfromthe____________________andthedevelopmentofnewtechnologieshaverevolutionizedthedetection,diagnosis,andtreatmentofcancer.ANSWER:HumanGenomeProjectHGPDIFFICULTY:Bloom's:UnderstandREFERENCES:1-1GeneticsandTranslationalMedicineLEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-1-1-Explaintheconnectionbetweengeneticresearchandclinicalmedicineasitrelatestocancertreatment.45.Eugenicsistheattempttoimprovethehumanspeciesby____________________.ANSWER:selectivebreedingDIFFICULTY:Bloom's:RememberREFERENCES:1-6HasGeneticsAffectedSocialPolicyandLaw?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-6-1-ExplainthefieldofeugenicsasproposedbyFrancisGalton.46.Mendel’sexperimentsonpeaplantsshowedthatgenesarepassed____________________fromgenerationtogenerationandthattraitsarenot____________________.ANSWER:intact,blendedDIFFICULTY:Bloom's:UnderstandREFERENCES:1-4HowAreGenesTransmittedfromParentstoOffspring?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-4-2-ExplainhowMendel’sresearchwithpeaplantshasincreasedourunderstandingofhowspecifictraitsarepassedfromparenttooffspringbygenes.47.Clonesaregeneticallyidenticalmolecules,cells,ororganisms,allderivedfroma(n)____________________.ANSWER:singleancestorsingleindividualDIFFICULTY:Bloom's:UnderstandREFERENCES:1-5HowDoScientistsStudyGenes?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-5-1-Compareandcontrastthedifferentmethodsscientistsusetostudygenetics.48.Populationgeneticistsareinterestedintheforcesthatchangethe____________________ofgenesinapopulation.ANSWER:frequencyDIFFICULTY:Bloom's:UnderstandREFERENCES:1-5HowDoScientistsStudyGenes?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-5-1-Compareandcontrastthedifferentmethodsscientistsusetostudygenetics.49.Atraitisa(n)____________________propertyofanorganism.ANSWER:observableDIFFICULTY:Bloom's:RememberREFERENCES:1-2GeneticsIstheKeytoBiologyLEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-2-1-Definethetermgeneticsandsummarizeitsroleinourunderstandingofallofbiology.

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Chapter01-APerspectiveonHumanGenetics50.Thefundamentalunitofheredityiscalleda(n)____________________.ANSWER:geneDIFFICULTY:Bloom's:RememberREFERENCES:1-3WhatAreGenesandHowDoTheyWork?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-3-1-IdentifybasicgenecomponentsanddiagramthestructureofaDNAmolecule.Essay51.Considerthisstatement:Informationaboutcitizens'genomesshouldbeheldinacentralizeddatabasebyasingleprivatecompanyorbythegovernment.Doyouagreeordisagree?Explainyourreasoning.ANSWER:Answerswillvary.Studentsmightdiscussprivacyandsecurityissueswithregardtotheirpersonaldata,aswellasthepotentialmisuseofthesedatabycorporationsorthegovernmenttorestricttherightsofgroupsbasedonrealorimaginedtraits.DIFFICULTY:Bloom's:Evaluate,CreateREFERENCES:1-6HasGeneticsAffectedSocialPolicyandLaw?1-7WhatImpactIsGenomicsHaving?1-8WhatChoicesDoWeMakeintheEraofGenomicsandBiotechnology?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-6-2-Assessthesocialandpoliticalramificationsofeugenicspolicies.HUHE.CUMM.16.1-7-1-Describegenomesequencingandillustratevariousmethodsofuseinthetreatmentofdisease,genetictesting,andplantandanimalmodification.HUHE.CUMM.16.1-8-1-Debatetheethicalandsocialissuesthattheuseofgenomicsandbiotechnologyintroducestosociety.52.Discusshowandwhytheinvestigativemethodofmoleculargeneticshashadthegreatestimpactonhumangeneticsoverthelastseveraldecades.ANSWER:MoleculargeneticsusesrecombinantDNAtechnologytoidentify,isolate,andproducemillionsofcopiesofgenes(clones)thatcanbestudiedinthelaboratory.Thesemethodshavegreatlyadvancedourknowledgeofhowgenesareorganizedandhowtheyworkatthemolecularlevel.DIFFICULTY:Bloom's:UnderstandREFERENCES:1-5HowDoScientistsStudyGenes?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-5-1-Compareandcontrastthedifferentmethodsscientistsusetostudygenetics.

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Chapter01-APerspectiveonHumanGenetics53.Differentiatebetweenbasicandappliedresearchanddiscusshowthetwoarelinkedintermsofgenetics.ANSWER:Scientistsdobasicresearchinlaboratoryandfieldsettingstounderstandhowsomethingworksorwhyitworksthewayitdoes.Inbasicresearch,thereisnoimmediategoalofsolvingapracticalproblemormakingacommercialproduct;knowledgeitselfisthegoal.Inturn,theresultsofbasicresearchgeneratenewideasandmorebasicresearch.Inthisway,wegaindetailedinformationaboutthestructureandfunctionofcells,whyanimalsbehaveincertainways,andhowplantsturncarbondioxideintosugar.Amongotherthings,basicresearchingeneticshasprovideduswithdetailsaboutgenes,howtheywork,and,moreimportantly,whathappenswhentheydon’tworkproperly.Appliedresearchisusuallydonetosolveapracticalproblemorturnadiscoveryintoacommercialserviceorproduct.Appliedresearchusesbasicmethodssuchastransmissiongeneticstostudythewayinwhichatraitisinherited,anditalsousesbiotechnologytomakeproductssuchastransgenicorganisms,medicines,andnutritionallyenhancedfoods.Inagriculture,appliedgeneticresearchhasincreasedcropyields,loweredthefatcontentofpork,andcreatednewformsofcornandsoybeansthatareresistanttoherbicidesandpests.Inmedicine,newdiagnostictests,thesynthesisofcustomizedproteinsfortreatingdisease,andtheproductionofvaccinesarejustafewexamplesofappliedgeneticresearch.DIFFICULTY:Bloom's:AnalyzeREFERENCES:1-5HowDoScientistsStudyGenes?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-5-2-Differentiatebetweenbasicandappliedresearchandillustratehoweachapproachisusedinthestudyofgenetics.54.DefineeugenicsanddiscussFrancisGalton’sinfluenceinthedevelopmentofthefundamentallyflawed‘science.’ANSWER:FrancisGaltonproposedthatselectionshouldbeusedtoimprovethehumanspecies.Galtonstartedanewfield,whichhecalledeugenics.Heclaimedthatbyapplyingtheprincipleofnaturalselection,wecouldimprovetheintellectual,economic,andsociallevelofhumankindthroughselectivebreeding.Bypassinglegalandethicalconsiderations,Galton’sproposalsweresimple:Peoplewithdesirabletraitssuchasleadershipandmusicalabilityshouldbeencouragedtohavelargefamilies,whereasthosewithundesirabletraitssuchasintellectualdisabilityandphysicaldeformitiesshouldbediscouragedfromreproducing.Galton’sreasoningwasflawedforseveralreasons,includinghisbeliefthathumantraitsarehandeddownwithoutanyenvironmentalinfluence.Hisproposalsfailedtoaddressanotherimportantconsideration:Whodefineswhatisadesirableoranundesirabletrait?DIFFICULTY:Bloom's:UnderstandREFERENCES:1-6HasGeneticsAffectedSocialPolicyandLaw?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-6-1-ExplainthefieldofeugenicsasproposedbyFrancisGalton.

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Chapter01-APerspectiveonHumanGenetics55.WhatwasthebenefitenvisionedfromtheHumanGenomeProject?Wasthisprojectanappropriateuseoftaxpayers'money?Whyorwhynot?ANSWER:ThebenefitenvisionedfromtheHumanGenomeProjectwastheabilitytoidentify,map,andassignfunctionstoallgenescarriedinourcellsandthenturnthoseresultsintonewmethodsofdiagnosisandtreatmentofdisease.Answerswillvary.DIFFICULTY:Bloom's:EvaluateREFERENCES:1-7WhatImpactIsGenomicsHaving?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-7-1-Describegenomesequencingandillustratevariousmethodsofuseinthetreatmentofdisease,genetictesting,andplantandanimalmodification.56.DiscusssomenegativeimplicationsofrecombinantDNAtechnology.ANSWER:Theuseofherbicide-resistantcornandsoybeansmayspeedthedevelopmentofherbicide-resistantweedsandincreaseouruseofanddependenceonchemicalherbicides.Thereisalsothepossibilitythatgeneticallyengineeredtraitsmaybetransferredtootherorganisms,leadingtoirreversibleanddeleteriouschangesinecosystems.DIFFICULTY:Bloom's:UnderstandREFERENCES:1-7WhatImpactIsGenomicsHaving?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-7-1-Describegenomesequencingandillustratevariousmethodsofuseinthetreatmentofdisease,genetictesting,andplantandanimalmodification.57.Inwhatsenseisgeneticsthekeytoallofbiology?ANSWER:Genescontrolwhatcellslooklikeandwhattheydoaswellashowbabiesdevelopandhowwereproduce.Anunderstandingofwhatgenesare,howtheyarepassedfromgenerationtogeneration,andhowtheyworkisessentialtoourunderstandingofalllifeonEarth,includingourspecies,Homosapiens.DIFFICULTY:Bloom's:UnderstandREFERENCES:1-2GeneticsIstheKeytoBiologyLEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HUHE.CUMM.16.1-2-1-Definethetermgeneticsandsummarizeitsroleinourunderstandingofallofbiology.

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