Services Marketing: Integrating Customer Focus Across the Firm 7th Edition Test Bank

Name: Services Marketing: Integrating Customer Focus Across the Firm 7th Edition Test Bank
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Author: Lily Green

Improve your exam results with Services Marketing: Integrating Customer Focus Across the Firm 7th Edition Test Bank, which includes a variety of MCQs and detailed answers to guide you.

Lily Green

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Chapter 01 Introduction to Services Answer Key
Multiple Choice Questions
1. In the simplest terms, _____ are deeds, processes, and performances.
A. Attributes
B. Experiences
C. Services
D. Goods
E. Benefits
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 01-01 Explain what services are and identify important trends in services.
2. The maintenance contract offered by Sears on its Kenmore refrigerators, dishwashers, and microwaves
is an example of a(n) _______.
A. Service
B. Experience
C. Attribute
D. Good
E. Benefit
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 01-01 Explain what services are and identify important trends in services.
3. The core offerings of hospitals, hotels, and banks are primarily deeds and performances and therefore
are_________________.
A. Services
B. Experiences
C. Attributes
D. Goods
E. Benefits
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 01-01 Explain what services are and identify important trends in services.

4. When they go away on vacation, some dog owners choose to leave their dogs in posh pet resorts that
offer a variety of activities for the dogs, such as swimming pool frolics, nature walks, and hayrides. The
dog owners pay around $17 per night for basic boarding at the pet resorts and up to an additional $20
for the other activities, which would be collectively classified as:
A. Goods
B. Values
C. Services
D. Satisficers
E. Attributes
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 01-01 Explain what services are and identify important trends in services.
5. _____ is a key determinant of whether an offering should be classified as a product or a service.
A. Physicality
B. Audience passivity
C. Intangibility
D. Perception
E. Abstraction
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 01-01 Explain what services are and identify important trends in services.
6. Which of the following is an intangible component of a car repair shop?
A. Replacement parts
B. Employee uniforms
C. Barrel for storing recyclable motor oil
D. The training the mechanic has received
E. Customer waiting area
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 01-01 Explain what services are and identify important trends in services.
7. Which of the following is an example of a tangible component provided by a hotel?
A. Wake-up call
B. Guest rooms
C. Room service
D. Express check-out
E. Guaranteed reservations
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom: Understand
Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 01-01 Explain what services are and identify important trends in services.
8. Which of the following is NOT an example of a service business?
A. Amusement park
B. Hotel
C. Bank
D. Department store
E. Paper mill
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 01-01 Explain what services are and identify important trends in services.
9. Extron Electronics makes coaxial cables for connecting computers to all types of peripheral devices like
printers, modems, and fax machines. For the benefit of its customers, Extron provides a laminated card
with pictures of all the possible cable connections that a customer could need. With this card, a
customer can order from one to any number of connectors with as many feet of cable as is needed.
Orders can be placed using a toll-free number, a fax number or an e-mail address. Company reps are
also available 24-hours a day in case the customer is not sure which drawing on the card matches his or
her needs. Orders are shipped within 48-hours of receipt. If a customer is not completely satisfied with
his or her order, Extron has a 100 percent satisfaction guaranteed return policy. Which of the following
trends that has influenced the development of services marketing concepts and strategies as illustrated
by Extron's focus on customer service?
A. The increasing importance of service industries to the U.S. and world economies
B. The increase of government regulation of service industries
C. The growth in information-based technology
D. Increased competition in professional services
E. Manufacturing firms are placing increased emphasis on providing services
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 01-02 Explain the need for special service marketing concepts and practices and why the need has developed and is
accelerating.
10. Which of the following trends has directly influenced the development of services marketing concepts
and strategies?
A. The decreasing importance of service industries to the U.S. and world economies
B. The growth in information-based technology
C. Decreased competition in professional services
D. The fact that manufacturing firms are placing increased emphasis on providing services
E. None of the above
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom: Remember
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 01-01 Explain what services are and identify important trends in services.

11. On his way to work today, Terry saw a billboard for a physician's group that specialized in vascular
surgery. In his local newspaper there was a full-page ad for a medical clinic that performed similar
surgery. Then in his mail, he got a brochure from yet another medical clinic asking him if he wanted to
get rid of ugly varicose veins. Which trend that influenced the development of services marketing
concepts and strategies is illustrated here?
A. The increasing importance of service industries to the U.S. and world economies
B. The increase of government regulation of professional service industries
C. The growth in database marketing
D. Increased competition in professional services
E. Professional firms are placing increased emphasis on providing services
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 01-01 Explain what services are and identify important trends in services.
12. Which of the following statements about services is true?
A. A service economy produces services at the expense of other sectors.
B. Service jobs are low paying and menial.
C. Service production is labor intensive and low in productivity.
D. Service is a necessary evil for manufacturing firms.
E. Marketing and managing services presents issues and challenges not faced in manufacturing and
packaged goods companies.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 01-02 Explain the need for special service marketing concepts and practices and why the need has developed and is
accelerating.
13. Without good mailing lists, businesses cannot engage in effective direct-marketing advertising. On
average 20 percent of the U.S. population moves annually. Return Path is a company that provides
changes of addresses to businesses. It takes a business's mailing list, compares it to address changes that
it gathers daily in its database and makes any necessary corrections. Return Path is a part of which trend
in the services marketing industry?
A. The increasing importance of service industries to the U.S. and world economies
B. The decrease of human interaction as a result of widespread use of technology-based services
C. The growth in the use of technology-based services
D. Increased competition in the direct-mail industry
E. The fact that direct marketing firms are placing increased emphasis on providing services
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 01-03 Explore the profound impact of technology on service.

14. Gina and Henry were having breakfast when they decided they wanted to have pizza and watch a movie
that night. When she got home from work, Gina turned on her computer, logged on to the Netflix site,
and chose the movie Moneyball to view via online video streaming. Next she logged on to her favorite
pizza restaurant's Web site and ordered a large pepperoni pizza and a bottle of soda to be delivered at
6:45 p.m. Gina and Henry enjoyed their evening. Which trend that influenced the development of
services marketing is illustrated here?
A. The increasing importance of service industries to the U.S. and world economies
B. The decrease of human interaction as a result of widespread use of technology-based services
C. The growth in the use of technology-based services
D. Increased competition in the entertainment industry
E. The fact that manufacturing firms are placing increased emphasis on providing services
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 01-03 Explore the profound impact of technology on service.
15. Which of the following statements has been suggested as a plausible explanation for the customer
perception that service quality is declining?
A. Technology-based services, which are superior to human-based services, are not being implemented
enough
B. Services are leveling the playing field and consistently trying to offer the same level of service to
every customer
C. Companies are decreasing their reliance on self-service and increasing the use of human interaction
in the performance of services
D. Customer expectations are higher because of the excellent service they receive from some
companies
E. Even though it is Easy to provide consistent, high-quality service, many companies do not want to
do it
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 01-02 Explain the need for special service marketing concepts and practices and why the need has developed and is
accelerating.
16. Which of the following statements has been suggested as a plausible explanation for the customer
perception that service quality is declining?
A. Increasing use of technology is perceived by many customers as less service because there is no
human interaction
B. Companies provide unclear tactics for customers to follow when dealing with service providers
C. Delivering consistent, high-quality service becomes routine
D. Customers have no concept of what conditions produce to quality service
E. Too many talented employees are left mired in front-end jobs that do not challenge them
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 01-02 Explain the need for special service marketing concepts and practices and why the need has developed and is
accelerating.

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17. Which of the following statements about how technology has positively influenced service is true?
A. Technology provides approaches for delivering existing services in more accessible, convenient,
productive ways
B. Technology facilitates basic customer service functions
C. Technology facilitates transactions by offering a direct vehicle for making purchases
D. Technology provides an easy way for customers to learn and do research about products and
companies
E. All of the above statements about how technology has influenced service are true
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 01-03 Explore the profound impact of technology on service.
18. Which of the following statements describes how consumers and employees are responding to
technology-based services?
A. Services can readily calm fears that privacy may be sacrificed if technology is used
B. An infusion of technology can lead to an increase in human interaction
C. The payback for investments in technology is a certainty
D. Employees are often reluctant to integrate technology into their work lives
E. All of the above statements describe how consumers and employees are responding to technology-
based services
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 01-03 Explore the profound impact of technology on service.
19. The most distinguishing characteristic of services is:
A. Heterogeneity
B. Perishability
C. Intangibility
D. Comparability
E. Divisibility
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 01-04 Outline the basic differences between goods and services and the resulting challenges and opportunities for
service businesses.
20. The characteristic of a service that means that it cannot be seen, felt, tasted, or touched is:
A. Intangibility
B. Heterogeneity
C. Divisibility
D. Perishability
E. Compatibility
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

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Bloom: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 01-04 Outline the basic differences between goods and services and the resulting challenges and opportunities for
service businesses.
21. On a recent visit to The Home Depot store, a sales associate greeted Madison when she entered the
store, helped her locate the items she needed to repair her gutters and suggested how she could prevent
gutter problems in the future. The assistance provided by the sales associate illustrates the ______ of
services.
A. Intangibility
B. Comparability
C. Divisibility
D. Perishability
E. Compatibility
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 01-04 Outline the basic differences between goods and services and the resulting challenges and opportunities for
service businesses.
22. In India weddings are timed to occur when Venus is in the ascendant and Jupiter is strong. This day is
deemed lucky. In 2005, almost 15, 000 couples in New Delhi had their wedding on December 25, the
day astrologers announced would be the best day for a wedding. The service provided by the astrologers
is an excellent illustration of the _____ of services.
A. Intangibility
B. Comparability
C. Divisibility
D. Perishability
E. Compatibility
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 01-04 Outline the basic differences between goods and services and the resulting challenges and opportunities for
service businesses.
23. Which of the following statements describes a marketing implication that results from the intangibility
of services?
A. Services cannot be inventoried.
B. Services cannot be easily patented.
C. Services cannot be readily displayed.
D. The actual costs of a “unit of service” are hard to determine.
E. All of the above.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 01-04 Outline the basic differences between goods and services and the resulting challenges and opportunities for
service businesses.

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24. Which of the following statements describes a marketing implication that results from the intangibility
of services?
A. Customers participate in and affect the transaction
B. Service quality depends on many uncontrollable factors
C. Services can be readily communicated
D. There is no sure knowledge that the service delivered matches what was planned and promoted
E. Services cannot be inventoried
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 01-04 Outline the basic differences between goods and services and the resulting challenges and opportunities for
service businesses.
25. The characteristic of a service that refers to differences in employees' performances is:
A. Intangibility
B. Heterogeneity
C. Divisibility
D. Perishability
E. Simultaneous production and consumption
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 01-04 Outline the basic differences between goods and services and the resulting challenges and opportunities for
service businesses.
26. The first time Barry brought his car to Auto Lube to have the oil changed he was very satisfied with the
service. The service manager consulted him several times while his car was being serviced, asked him if
there were any problems with the car, recommended when additional services should be performed and
answered questions directly and politely. However, when Barry went back to Auto Lube after three
months to have his oil changed again, he was not satisfied with the service. The manager spoke to him
only when he arrived and when he paid his bill. In addition, the manager was impatient and unfriendly
during the interaction. Barry's experience at Auto Lube illustrates the _____ of services.
A. Intangibility
B. Heterogeneity
C. Simultaneous production and consumption
D. Perishability
E. Divisibility
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 01-04 Outline the basic differences between goods and services and the resulting challenges and opportunities for
service businesses.

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27. The first time Alexis went to take golf lessons, she had a golf pro who was very patient with her and
who was able to pinpoint what she was doing wrong without making her feel uncoordinated. Her second
golf lesson was not nearly as helpful. The golf pro who gave the lesson wanted Alexis to watch what he
was doing and imitate his swing. He was unable to verbalize his instructions. Alexis's experience with
the two golf instructors illustrates the _____ of service.
A. Intangibility
B. Heterogeneity
C. Simultaneous production and consumption
D. Perishability
E. Divisibility
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 01-04 Outline the basic differences between goods and services and the resulting challenges and opportunities for
service businesses.
28. Two roommates both registered for an introduction to business class. At midterm, one roommate found
his instructor so boring that he was thinking of changing his major to history. The other roommate had a
charismatic teacher and looked forward to going to class. This heterogeneity of instruction
demonstrates:
A. How difficult it is to synchronize supply and demand with service
B. That customer service depends on employee actions
C. How customers affect each other
D. The fact services cannot be readily communicated or displayed
E. Why services cannot be inventoried
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 01-04 Outline the basic differences between goods and services and the resulting challenges and opportunities for
service businesses.
29. A tax accountant may provide a different service experience to two different customers on the same day
depending on their individual needs and personalities and on whether she is meeting with them when
she is fresh in the morning or tired at the end of the day. This is an example of service _____________.
A. Versatility
B. Heterogeneity
C. Simultaneous production and consumption
D. Perishability
E. Intangibility
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 01-04 Outline the basic differences between goods and services and the resulting challenges and opportunities for
service businesses.

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30. Parents everywhere are very busy and often cannot spend time with their children. In the Netherlands,
children who want a bedtime story can call the telephone service and request to listen to one of twenty
prerecorded fairy tales. The phone company charges $7 per story. Because of the prerecording of the
stories, this bedtime service reduces the problems typically associated with the _____ characteristic of
services.
A. Versatility
B. Heterogeneity
C. Simultaneous production and consumption
D. Perishability
E. Intangibility
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 01-03 Explore the profound impact of technology on service.
31. Which of the following is a marketing implication that results from the heterogeneity of services?
A. Services cannot be returned or resold
B. Services cannot be patented
C. Services cannot be inventoried
D. Service delivery and customer satisfaction depend on employee and customer actions
E. All of the above are marketing implications resulting from the heterogeneity of services
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 01-04 Outline the basic differences between goods and services and the resulting challenges and opportunities for
service businesses.
32. Because of the _____ of services, service producers find themselves playing a role as part of the product
itself and an essential ingredient in the service experience for the consumer.
A. Comparability
B. Intangibility
C. Heterogeneity
D. Simultaneous production and consumption
E. Perishability
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 01-04 Outline the basic differences between goods and services and the resulting challenges and opportunities for
service businesses.

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33. Due to the _____ characteristic of services, customers will frequently interact with each other during the
service production process and may affect each other’s experiences.
A. Comparability
B. Intangibility
C. Heterogeneity
D. Simultaneous production and consumption
E. Perishability
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 01-04 Outline the basic differences between goods and services and the resulting challenges and opportunities for
service businesses.
34. The Offshore Sailing School in Jersey City, New Jersey, offers a basic sailing course, which takes place
in three days over two weekends, for $495. Students enrolled in the course attend classroom sessions
that cover the theory and technology of sailing and receive hands-on sailing instructions in the water
that introduces them to all fundamental sailing skills. Student participation in the Offshore Sailing
School's classroom sessions and hands-on sailing instructions illustrates the _____ characteristic of
services.
A. Versatility
B. Heterogeneity
C. Simultaneous production and consumption
D. Perishability
E. Intangibility
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 01-04 Outline the basic differences between goods and services and the resulting challenges and opportunities for
service businesses.
35. For their wedding anniversary, Beth and Rick wanted to go skydiving. They enrolled in a skydiving
class at the local airport at a cost of $260. After a 30-minute training course in which everything that
was going to happen to them was carefully explained, Beth and Rick were sent up in an airplane with
two skydiving experts. Each was placed in a harness arrangement with one of the experts and did what
is called a tandem dive. With a tandem dive, Beth and Rick get to enjoy the experience without having
to worry about when to open the parachute. The skydiving expert does that for them. This tandem jump
illustrates the _____ characteristic of services.
A. Versatility
B. Heterogeneity
C. Simultaneous production and consumption
D. Perishability
E. Intangibility
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 01-04 Outline the basic differences between goods and services and the resulting challenges and opportunities for
service businesses.

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36. Which of the following statements describes a marketing implication that results from the simultaneous
production and consumption of services?
A. Services cannot be returned or resold
B. Service quality depends on many uncontrollable factors
C. Employees affect the service outcome
D. Services cannot be readily displayed or communicated
E. There is no sure knowledge that the service delivered matches what was planned and promoted
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 01-04 Outline the basic differences between goods and services and the resulting challenges and opportunities for
service businesses.
37. _____ refers to the fact that services cannot be saved, stored, resold, or returned.
A. Intangibility
B. Heterogeneity
C. Simultaneous production and consumption
D. Perishability
E. Incompatibility
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 01-04 Outline the basic differences between goods and services and the resulting challenges and opportunities for
service businesses.
38. In many cultures, weddings are timed to occur on lucky days. In 2011, wedding planners from Las
Vegas, Nevada, to Mumbai, India, knew long before the auspicious date of November 11th (11/11/11)
that this would be one of their busiest days of the year, if not the century. Because other dates would
just not be as lucky for the blushing brides and grooms, and simply would not suffice, the wedding
planners had to prepare all year for more weddings on this one date than on any other day throughout
the year. This example illustrates the _____ characteristic of services.
A. Versatility
B. Heterogeneity
C. Simultaneous production and consumption
D. Perishability
E. Intangibility
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 01-04 Outline the basic differences between goods and services and the resulting challenges and opportunities for
service businesses.

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39. An attorney who charges a client for a missed appointment is taking into account the _____
characteristic of services.
A. Heterogeneity
B. Simultaneous production and consumption
C. Incomparability
D. Perishability
E. Intangibility
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 01-04 Outline the basic differences between goods and services and the resulting challenges and opportunities for
service businesses.
40. Bob Wilson owns and operates Flashdance Skating Rink. Last Monday afternoon, he had rented the rink
out for a birthday party that was cancelled at the last minute due to a flu epidemic that had sickened
three-fourths of the children who were invited. While Wilson kept the deposit, he did not get the skate
rental fees or the snack food money he had anticipated from the rental. Wilson lost money as a result of
the _____ characteristic of services.
A. Heterogeneity
B. Simultaneous production and consumption
C. Incomparability
D. Perishability
E. Intangibility
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 01-04 Outline the basic differences between goods and services and the resulting challenges and opportunities for
service businesses.
41. _______ qualities are characteristics of a product consumers may find impossible to evaluate even after
purchase and consumption.
A. Search
B. Cognitive
C. Perceptual
D. Experience
E. Credence
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 01-04 Outline the basic differences between goods and services and the resulting challenges and opportunities for
service businesses.

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42. Which of the following products is LEAST high in experience qualities?
A. Plastic surgery
B. A prom band
C. Catered banquet
D. Wedding dress
E. Pet grooming
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 01-04 Outline the basic differences between goods and services and the resulting challenges and opportunities for
service businesses.
43. Which of the following is NOT an element of the traditional marketing mix?
A. Production
B. Place
C. Product
D. Price
E. Promotion
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 01-04 Outline the basic differences between goods and services and the resulting challenges and opportunities for
service businesses.
44. In addition to the elements of the traditional marketing mix, the expanded mix for services includes:
A. Positioning, personalization, and process
B. People, physical evidence, and process
C. Personalization, procurement, and people
D. Profit, production, and psychology
E. People, partnerships, and positioning
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 01-05 Introduce the expanded marketing mix for services and the philosophy of customer focus as powerful
frameworks and themes that are fundamental to the rest of the text.
45. Which of the following is an example of the people element of an airline company's services marketing
mix?
A. Pilots
B. Baggage handlers
C. Customers
D. Flight attendants
E. All of the above
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom: Understand
Difficulty: Easy

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Learning Objective: 01-05 Introduce the expanded marketing mix for services and the philosophy of customer focus as powerful
frameworks and themes that are fundamental to the rest of the text.
46. When Alicia and Jordan dined at Formia Ristorante, a contemporary Italian restaurant in New Jersey,
they both enjoyed Formia's coy, smart and embracing atmosphere. Formia creates this atmosphere with
a single large dining room that measures 20 by 60 feet and contains 14 roomy tables. Ceiling fans
slowly swirl as candlelight dances across the tables that are attentively cared for by servers. Vertical
pink and white florid patterns emerge from old wainscoting. Finally, Formia's two-page menu offers
guests a range of pasta, chicken, veal, and seafood entrees, in addition to nightly specials that are
handwritten and presented on large index cards. Alicia and Jordan experienced the _____ element of
Formia Ristorante's services marketing mix.
A. Product
B. Production
C. Process
D. Place
E. Physical evidence
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 01-05 Introduce the expanded marketing mix for services and the philosophy of customer focus as powerful
frameworks and themes that are fundamental to the rest of the text.
47. Ruth recently visited a day care center that is convenient to her work. Ruth is thinking of letting the day
care workers care for her infant son while she is at work. The first thing Ruth noticed when she walked
in the door of the facility was the smell of urine. There was a dead plant in the window. Toys were
strewn about the floor and Ruth almost tripped over a tricycle. In this example, Ruth experienced
negative aspects of the _____ element of the day care center's services marketing mix.
A. Product
B. Production
C. Process
D. Place
E. Physical evidence
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom: Apply
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 01-05 Introduce the expanded marketing mix for services and the philosophy of customer focus as powerful
frameworks and themes that are fundamental to the rest of the text.

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