Student Exploration RNA and Protein Synthesis Voca
Explore how cells use DNA to make proteins through transcription. RNA polymerase helps form mRNA from DNA, following base-pairing rules to guide protein synthesis.
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S t u d e n t Exploration: RNA and Protein Synthesis
Vocabulary: amino acid, anticodon, codon, gene, messenger RNA, nucleotide, ribosome, RNA, RNA
polymerase, transcription, transfer RNA, translation
Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.]
1. Suppose you want to design and build a house. Haw would you communicate your design plans with
the construction crew that would work on the house? I would show my plan and tell the workers
how to do it
2. Cells build large, complicated molecules, such as proteins. What do you think
cells use as their "design plans' for proteins? The DNA is the cell's design plans for proteins
Gizmo Warm-up
Just as a construction crew uses blueprints to build a house, a cell uses
DNA as plans far building proteins. In addition to DNA, another nucleic
acid, called RNA. is involved in making proteins. In the RNA ond
Protein Synthesis Gizmo, you will use both DNA and RNA to construct
a protein out of amino acids.
1. DNA is composed of the bases adenine (A), cytosine (Q, guanine
(G). and thymine (T). RNA is composed of adenine, cytosine,
guanine, and uracil (U). Look at the SIMULATION pane. Is the
displayed segment a part of a DNA or RNA molecule? How da you
know? A dna molecule, because it is a double helix.
2. RNA polymerase is a type of enzyme. Enzymes help chemical reactions occur quickly. Click the
Release enzyme button, and describe what happens. The enzymes split the hydrogen bonds down
the middle.
Activity A:
Transcription
Get the Gizmo ready :
• if necessary, click Release enzyme. ■KI
Introduction: The first stage of building a pratein involves a process known as transcription. In
transcription, a segment of DNA serves as a template to produce a complementary strand of RNA. This
complementary strand is called messenger RNA, or mRNA.
Guiding Question: What occurs during transcription?
1. Experiment: Like DNA, RNA follows base-pairing rules. Experiment to find which RNA nucleotide on
the right side of the Gizmo will successfully pair with the thymine at the top of the template strand
of DNA. (NOTE: The DNA on the right side is the template strand.)
Vocabulary: amino acid, anticodon, codon, gene, messenger RNA, nucleotide, ribosome, RNA, RNA
polymerase, transcription, transfer RNA, translation
Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.]
1. Suppose you want to design and build a house. Haw would you communicate your design plans with
the construction crew that would work on the house? I would show my plan and tell the workers
how to do it
2. Cells build large, complicated molecules, such as proteins. What do you think
cells use as their "design plans' for proteins? The DNA is the cell's design plans for proteins
Gizmo Warm-up
Just as a construction crew uses blueprints to build a house, a cell uses
DNA as plans far building proteins. In addition to DNA, another nucleic
acid, called RNA. is involved in making proteins. In the RNA ond
Protein Synthesis Gizmo, you will use both DNA and RNA to construct
a protein out of amino acids.
1. DNA is composed of the bases adenine (A), cytosine (Q, guanine
(G). and thymine (T). RNA is composed of adenine, cytosine,
guanine, and uracil (U). Look at the SIMULATION pane. Is the
displayed segment a part of a DNA or RNA molecule? How da you
know? A dna molecule, because it is a double helix.
2. RNA polymerase is a type of enzyme. Enzymes help chemical reactions occur quickly. Click the
Release enzyme button, and describe what happens. The enzymes split the hydrogen bonds down
the middle.
Activity A:
Transcription
Get the Gizmo ready :
• if necessary, click Release enzyme. ■KI
Introduction: The first stage of building a pratein involves a process known as transcription. In
transcription, a segment of DNA serves as a template to produce a complementary strand of RNA. This
complementary strand is called messenger RNA, or mRNA.
Guiding Question: What occurs during transcription?
1. Experiment: Like DNA, RNA follows base-pairing rules. Experiment to find which RNA nucleotide on
the right side of the Gizmo will successfully pair with the thymine at the top of the template strand
of DNA. (NOTE: The DNA on the right side is the template strand.)
Which RNA base bonded with the thymine? Adenine
2. Experiment: The next three bases on the DNA template strand are adenine, cytosine, and guanine.
Use the Gizmo to answer the following questions:
A. Which RNA base bonds with adenine? Uracil
B. Which RNA base bonds with cytosine? Guanine
C. Which RNA base bonds with guanine? Cytosine
3. Observe: In molecules of RNA, uracil takes the place of the DNA base Thymine
4. Build: Continue building the strand of mRNA until you have used all of the RNA nucleotides. What is
the nucleotide sequence of the mRNA strand you built? UACGACUGG
5. Apply: Suppose a template strand of DNA had the following sequence:
T A C G G A T A A C T A C C G G G T A T T C A A
What would be the complementary strand of mRNA?
AUG CCU AUU GAU GGC CCA UAA GUU
Predict: How would a change to the sequence of nucleotides in a DNA segment affect the mRNA
transcribed from the DNA? A change to the sequence of the nucleotides in a DNA segment affects
the mRNA because it would also change to reflect the change of the DNA.
2. Experiment: The next three bases on the DNA template strand are adenine, cytosine, and guanine.
Use the Gizmo to answer the following questions:
A. Which RNA base bonds with adenine? Uracil
B. Which RNA base bonds with cytosine? Guanine
C. Which RNA base bonds with guanine? Cytosine
3. Observe: In molecules of RNA, uracil takes the place of the DNA base Thymine
4. Build: Continue building the strand of mRNA until you have used all of the RNA nucleotides. What is
the nucleotide sequence of the mRNA strand you built? UACGACUGG
5. Apply: Suppose a template strand of DNA had the following sequence:
T A C G G A T A A C T A C C G G G T A T T C A A
What would be the complementary strand of mRNA?
AUG CCU AUU GAU GGC CCA UAA GUU
Predict: How would a change to the sequence of nucleotides in a DNA segment affect the mRNA
transcribed from the DNA? A change to the sequence of the nucleotides in a DNA segment affects
the mRNA because it would also change to reflect the change of the DNA.
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