Test Bank For Elements Of Ecology, 9th Edition

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1Elements of Ecology, 9e (Smith)Chapter 1The Nature of Ecology1.1Short Answer Questions1) ________ is activism with a stated aim of protecting the natural environment, particularlyfrom the negative impacts of human activities.Answer: EnvironmentalismTopic: Section 1.1Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension2) ________ is the scientific study of the relationship between organisms and their environment.Answer: EcologyTopic: Section 1.1Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension3) The living, or ________, and nonliving, or ________, components of the environment interactwithin an ecosystem.Answer: biotic; abioticTopic: Section 1.2Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension4) A group of individuals of the same species that occupies a given area is referred to as a(n)________.Answer: populationTopic: Section 1.3Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension5) All populations of different species living and interacting within an ecosystem are referred tocollectively as a(n) ________.Answer: communityTopic: Section 1.3Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension6) At the ________ level, an ecologist might focus on the factors that affect the relativeabundance of various populations in the area.Answer: communityTopic: Section 1.4Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension7) All science begins with ________, which is the first step in the process known as the scientificmethod.Answer: observationTopic: Section 1.5Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension

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28) In afield experiment, an ecologist measures the effects of nitrogen on productivity, plottingdata for nitrogen on thex-axis and productivity on they-axis. In this experiment, the dependentvariable is ________.Answer: productivityTopic: Section 1.5Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis9) A(n) ________ is an abstract, simplified representation of a real system, allowing us to predictsome behavior or response using a set of explicit assumptions.Answer: modelTopic: Section 1.6Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension10) The ________ forms the basic unit in ecology.Answer: individualTopic: Section 1.9Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension1.2Multiple-Choice Questions1) The term "ecology" is defined as the study of theA) environment.B) relationships between organisms.C) relationships between organisms and their environment.D) impact of humans on the environment.Answer: CTopic: Section 1.1Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension2) Which of the following is a cornerstone of the science of ecology?A) EnvironmentalismB) Darwin's theory of natural selectionC) EconomicsD) PopulationsAnswer: BTopic: Section 1.1Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension3) Moisture and concentration of oxygenA) are parts of an organism's environment.B) have no effect on the physiology of an organism.C) are biological conditions that impact an organism's survival.D) do not vary in the environment.Answer: ATopic: Section 1.2Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension

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34) The interaction of a biotic community and its abiotic environment is referred to as a(n)A) biosphere.B) ecosystem.C) population.D) biome.Answer: BTopic: Section 1.2Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension5) Which of the following is considered an abioticcomponent of the ecosystem?A) temperatureB) microbesC) plantsD) animalsAnswer: ATopic: Section 1.2Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension6) A biome isA) the thin layer surrounding the Earth that supports all life.B) all the populations ofdifferent species living and interacting within an ecosystem.C) a broad-scale region dominated by similar types of ecosystems.D) an area of land or water composed of a patchwork of communities and ecosystems.Answer: CTopic: Section 1.3Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension

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47)Experiments done at Cedar Creek Long Term Ecological Research site are ideal for examiningconcepts at what level?A) ecosystemB) populationC) communityD) individualAnswer: ATopic: Section 1.3Bloom's Taxonomy:Synthesis/Evaluation8) All populations of different species living and interacting within an ecosystem are referred tocollectively as a(n)A) community.B) biome.C) population.D) ecosystem.Answer: ATopic: Section 1.3Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension

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59) Which of the following is an example of a biome?A) communityB) landscapeC) tropical rainforestD) ecosystemAnswer: CTopic: Section 1.3Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension10) A predator consuming prey would occur at the organizational level of theA) community.B) biome.C) population.D) ecosystem.Answer: ATopic: Section 1.3Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension11) Broad scale regions dominated by similar types of ecosystems are calledA) communities.B) biospheres.C) biomes.D) landscapes.Answer: CTopic: Section 1.3Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension12) Which of the following represents the correct organization of ecological systems from thelowest to the highest level of organization?A) individual, biome, biosphere, community, population, ecosystemB) individual, community, population, ecosystem, biosphere, biomeC) individual, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphereD) individual, population, community, biome, biosphere, ecosystemAnswer: CTopic: Section 1.3Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension13) Which of the following questions is most appropriate to an investigation at the populationlevel?A) What is the effect of diminished resources on an individual's life span?B) Whatis the relationship between resource availability and birthrate?C) What factors influence the distribution of tropical forests?D) How long does it take for carbon to be cycled from the atmosphere into living tissue?Answer: BTopic: Section 1.4Bloom'sTaxonomy: Application/Analysis

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614) An ecologist who focuses on the individual could study all of the following, exceptA) morphology.B) physiology.C) behavior.D) death rate.Answer: DTopic: Section 1.4Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension15) Which of the following questions is most appropriate to an investigation at the landscapelevel?A) What is the effect of diminished resources on an individual's life span?B) What is the relationship between resource availability and birthrate?C) Which factors give rise to the spatial extent and arrangement of the various ecosystems?D) How long does it take for carbon to be cycled from the atmosphere into living tissue?Answer: CTopic: Section 1.4Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension16) Consider the question: "Why do tropical rain forests support a greater diversity of speciesthan temperate forests?" At which level of organization would this be addressed?A) individualB) populationC) landscapeD) globalAnswer: DTopic: Section 1.4Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension17) A hypothesis refers to a(n)A) phenomenon that is observed but is not yet understood.B) testable explanation for an observed phenomenon.C) untestable explanation for an observed phenomenon.D) falsified explanation for an observed phenomenon.Answer: BTopic: Section 1.5Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension18) Which of the following best represents the flow of the scientific method?A) question, hypothesis, hypothesis testing, observation, predictionsB) predictions, question, observation, hypothesis, hypothesis testingC) observation, hypothesis, hypothesis testing, question, predictionsD) observation, question, hypothesis, predictions, hypothesis testingAnswer: DTopic: Section 1.5Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension

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719) The correct sequence of the scientific method isA) ask a question, observation, form a hypothesis, test a hypothesis, form a theory.B) form a hypothesis, ask a question, observation, test a hypothesis, form a theory.C) form a theory, ask a question, form a hypothesis, observation, test a hypothesis.D) observation, ask a question, form a hypothesis, test a hypothesis, form a theory.Answer: DTopic: Section 1.5Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension20) A scientistwants to manipulate glucose levels in amphibians to determine freeze tolerance at-5 Celsius. Which arena would suit this question best?A) Laboratory experimentB) Field experimentC) Field surveysD) Observation in the wildAnswer: ATopic: Section 1.5Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension21) An integrated set of hypotheses that together explain a broader set of observations isconsidered a(n)A) experiment.B) educated guess.C) fact.D) theory.Answer: DTopic: Section 1.5Bloom's Taxonomy:Knowledge/Comprehension22) An ecologist conducts a greenhouse experiment to study the effect of nitrogen concentrationon the productivity of sunflower seedlings. What is the independent variable in this experiment?A) productivity of sunflowersB) concentration of nitrogenC) the number of sunflower seeds plantedD) the daily amount of water given to each sunflower seedAnswer: BTopic: Section 1.5Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis

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823)In Figure 1.8, Available N is theA) dependent variable.B) model.C) independent variable.D) response variable.Answer: CTopic: Section 1.5Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension

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924)Figure 1.5 represents which type of plot?A) RandomB) ScatterC) LinearD) FactorialAnswer: BTopic: Section 1.5Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension25) Which model would you use to examine the relationship between nitrogen concentration andplant growth?A) linear regressionB) species area curveC) intermediate disturbanceD) Hamilton's ruleAnswer: ATopic: Section 1.6Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis26) A model is used by ecologists toA) prove how nature works by demonstrating cause-and-effect relationships.B) analyze data that have been collected during an experiment.C) make predictions about how nature works using a set of explicit assumptions.D) observe how nature works in an experimental setting.Answer: CTopic: Section 1.6Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension

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1027) The real goal of hypothesis testing is toA) eliminate incorrect ideas.B) form a theory.C) fully explain observations.D) understand why science never changes.Answer: ATopic: Section 1.7Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension28) Science can best be described asA) a search for the ultimate truth.B) a search for evidence that proves our concepts wrong.C) proving facts.D) a complete lack of dissent amongst ideas to obtain the truth.Answer: BTopic: Section 1.7Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension29) Because ecology relies on many different branches of science (e.g., geology), it is consideredA) hypothetical.B) unscientific.C) permanent.D) interdisciplinary.Answer: DTopic: Section 1.8Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension30) Why is ecology considered an interdisciplinary science?A)It involves a large expanse of various species.B) It involves and draws from various fields of science such as geology, hydrology, andmeteorology.C) It encompasses the field of environmental science.D) It includes the study of human population growth.Answer: BTopic: Section 1.8Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension31) The basic unit in ecology is theA) ecosystem.B) gene.C) individual.D) species.Answer: CTopic: Section 1.9Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension

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1132) The basic unitof ecology is the individual because itA) is the basis for ecosystems.B) is the unit on which natural selection acts.C) cannot be further reduced to smaller parts.D) passes genetic information to successive individuals.Answer: DTopic: Section 1.9Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis33) An ecologist measured the length and weight of different individuals of a species of bird.The most common method of graphically displaying the data is aA) frequency distribution.B) histogram.C) pie chart.D)scatter plot.Answer: DTopic: Quantifying Ecology 1.1Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis34) Ifxandyhave a positive relationship as shown by a scatter plot, then the value ofywillA) increase as the value ofxdecreases.B) increase as thevalue ofxincreases.C) decrease as the value ofxincreases.D) stay the same as the value ofxdecreases.Answer: BTopic: Quantifying Ecology 1.2Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension35) Which economist influenced Darwin's conception of natural selection?A) Charles EltonB) Gregor MendelC) Thomas MalthusD) Frederic ClementsAnswer: CTopic: Ecological Issues & Applications 1: HistoryBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension

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121.3True/False Questions1) Ecology is the same as environmentalism.Answer: FALSETopic: Section 1.1Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension2) A community includes both living and nonliving components.Answer: FALSETopic: Section 1.2Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension3) Microbes are consideredan abiotic factor within an ecosystem.Answer: FALSETopic: Section 1.2Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension4) A population refers to all the individuals of the same species that occupy a given area.Answer: TRUETopic: Section 1.3Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension5) A freshwater pond ecosystem includes only the living organisms within the pond.Answer: FALSETopic: Section 1.3Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension6) The number of seeds produced by a single flower affects thebirthrate of that population offlowers.Answer: TRUETopic: Section 1.4Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension7) A valid scientific hypothesis must be testable.Answer: TRUETopic: Section 1.5Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension8) A theory is an integrated set of hypotheses that explains a broad set of observations.Answer: TRUETopic: Section 1.5Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension

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139) A field experiment gives the investigator much more control over the environmentalconditions than does a laboratory experiment.Answer: FALSETopic: Section 1.5Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension10) Ecological models can be mathematical or they can be verbally descriptive.Answer: TRUETopic: Section 1.6Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension11) Science is a process of testing and correcting concepts in order to explain the world aroundus.Answer: TRUETopic: Section 1.7Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension12) There is generally only one valid explanation for an observation.Answer: FALSETopic: Section 1.7Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension1.4Essay Questions1) Explain the distinction between ecology and environmentalism.Topic: Section 1.1Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis/Evaluation2) Using a real example, illustrate how an organism can both respond to and modify the abioticconditions of its ecosystem.Topic: Section 1.2Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis3) Explain the distinction between an ecosystem and a biome.Topic: Section 1.3Bloom'sTaxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension4) Explain why ecology is inherently an interdisciplinary science. Give two examples of the tiesbetween ecology and other branches of science.Topic: Section 1.8Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis5) Describe a field experiment that you might use to test the hypothesis that water availabilityaffects plant growth. Suggest one set of possible results and the implications of those results forthe hypothesis.Topic: Section 1.5Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis/Evaluation

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146) Explain why it is difficult for ecologists to give definitive answers.Topic: Section 1.7Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis/Evaluation7) Explain why human population growth, biological diversity, sustainability, and global climatechange are consideredcrucial environmental problems facing humans.Topic: Section 1.8Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis/Evaluation

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1Elements of Ecology, 9e (Smith)Chapter 2Climate2.1Short Answer Questions1) The temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind, cloudiness, and other atmospheric conditionsthat occur at a specific place and time are referred to as ________.Answer:weatherTopic: Introduction to Chapter 2Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension2) The long-term average pattern of weather at local, regional, or global scales is referred to as________.Answer: climateTopic: Introduction to Chapter 2Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension3) Carbon dioxide and ________ are the major gases in the atmosphere that absorb energy fromthe sun.Answer: water vaporTopic: Section 2.1Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension4) The absorption and re-radiationof longwave radiation by gases in the atmosphere is called the________.Answer: greenhouse effectTopic: Section 2.1Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension5) Seasonality occurs on planet Earth because of its ________ with respect to the plane ittravelsaround the Sun.Answer: axial tiltTopic: Section 2.2Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension6) In the Northern Hemisphere, the summer ________ occurs when solar rays fall directly on theTropic of Cancer.Answer: solsticeTopic: Section 2.2Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension7) The amount of force exerted over a given area of surface is called atmospheric ________.Answer: pressureTopic: Section 2.3Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension

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