Test Bank For Essentials Of Pathophysiology: Concepts Of Altered Health States Third, North American Edition

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Chapter_01-_Cell_Structure_and_Function1.Thenucleus_________,whichisessentialforfunctionandsurvivalofthecell.A)isthesiteofproteinsynthesisB)containsthegeneticcodeC)transformscellularenergyD)initiatesaerobicmetabolism2.Althoughenergyisnotmadeinmitochondria,theyareknownasthe“ powerplants”ofthebecausethey:A)containRNAforproteinsynthesis.B)utilizeglycolysisforoxidativeenergy.C)extractenergyfromorganiccompounds.D)storecalciumbondsformusclecontractions.3.Althoughthebasicstructureofthecellplasmamembraneisformedbyalipidbilayer,mostspecificmembranefunctionsarecarriedoutby:A)boundandtransmembraneproteins.B)complex,longcarbohydratechains.C)surfaceantigensandhormonereceptors.D)agatingsystemofselectiveionchannels.4.Toeffectivelyrelaysignals,cell-to-cellcommunicationutilizeschemicalmessengersystemA)displacesurfacereceptorproteins.B)accumulatewithincellgapjunctions.C)bindtocontractilemicrofilaments.D)releasesecretionsintoextracellularfluid.5.Aerobicmetabolism,alsoknownasoxidativemetabolism,providesenergyby:A)removingthephosphatebondsfromATP.B)combininghydrogenandoxygentoformwater.C)activatingpyruvatestoredinthecytoplasm.

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D)breakingdownglucosetoformlacticacid.6.Exocytosis,thereverseofendocytosis,isimportantin_______intotheextracellularfluid.A)EngulfingandingestingfluidandproteinsfortransportB)Killing,degrading,anddissolvingharmfulmicroorganismsC)RemovingcellulardebrisandreleasingsynthesizedsubstancesD)Destructionofparticlesbylysosomalenzymesforsecretion7.Theprocessresponsibleforgeneratingandconductingmembranepotentialsis:A)diffusionofcurrent-carryingions.B)millivoltageofelectricalpotential.C)polarizationofchargedparticles.D)ionchannelneurotransmission.8.Epithelialtissuesareclassifiedaccordingtotheshapeofthecellsandthenumberoflayers.ofthefollowingisacorrectlymatcheddescriptionandtypeofepithelialtissue?A)Simpleepithelium:cellsincontactwithintercellularmatrix;somedonotextendtosuB)Stratifiedepithelium:singlelayerofcells;allcellsrestonbasementmembraneC)Glandularepithelium:arisefromsurfaceepitheliaandunderlyingconnectivetissueD)Pseudostratifiedepithelium:multiplelayersofcells;deepestlayerrestsonbasementmembrane9.Connectivetissuecontainsfibroblaststhatareresponsiblefor:A)providingafibrousframeworkforcapillaries.B)synthesisofcollagen,elastin,andreticularfibers.C)formingtendonsandthefasciathatcoversmuscles.D)fillingspacesbetweentissuestokeeporgansinplace.10.Althoughallmuscletissuecellshavesomesimilarities,smoothmuscle(alsoknownasinvoluntarymuscle)differsby:A)havingdensebodiesattachedtoactinfilaments.B)containingsarcomeresbetweenZlinesandMbands.C)havingrapidcontractionsandabundantcross-striations.D)contractinginresponsetoincreasedintracellularcalcium.11.WhichofthefollowingaspectsofthefunctionofthenucleusisperformedbyribosomalR(rRNA)?

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A)CopyingandcarryingDNAinstructionsforproteinsynthesisB)CarryingaminoacidstothesiteofproteinsynthesisC)ProvidingthesitewhereproteinsynthesisoccursD)Regulatingandcontrollingproteinsynthesis12.Breakdownandremovalofforeignsubstancesandworn-outcellpartsareperformedbywthefollowingorganelles?A)LysosomesB)GolgiapparatusC)RibosomesD)Endoplasmicreticulum(ER)13.Impairmentinthefunctionofperoxisomeswouldresultin:A)inadequatesitesforproteinsynthesis.B)aninabilitytotransportcellularproductsacrossthecellmembrane.C)insufficientenergyproductionwithinacell.D)accumulationoffreeradicalsinthecytoplasm.14.Afterseveralmonthsoftryingtoconceive,acoupleisundergoingfertilitytesting.Semenanalysisindicatesthattheman’sspermhavedecreasedmotility,afindingthatisthoughttounderliethecouple’sinabilitytobecomepregnant.Whichofthefollowingcellularcompomaybedefectivewithintheman’ssperm?A)RibosomesB)MicrotubulesC)MitochondriaD)Microfilaments15.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofglycolysis?A)Glycolysisrequiresoxygen.B)Glycolysisoccursincellswithoutmitochondria.C)Glycolysisprovidesthemajorityofthebody’senergyneeds.D)Glycolysisproducesenergy,water,andcarbondioxide.16.WhichofthefollowingmembranetransportmechanismsrequiresthegreatestamountofeA)FacilitateddiffusionB)Passivetransport

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C)VesiculartransportD)Simplediffusion17.Amalepatientwithadiagnosisoftype1diabetesmellitusisexperiencinghyperglycemiabecausehelackssufficientinsulintoincreasetheavailabilityofglucosetransportersinhismembranes.Consequently,hiscellslackintracellularglucoseanditaccumulatesinhisbloWhichofthefollowingprocesseswouldbestallowglucosetocrosshiscellmembranes?A)FacilitateddiffusionB)SimplediffusionC)SecondaryactivetransportD)Endocytosis18.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofskeletalmusclecells?A)Skeletalmusclecellseachhaveanapical,lateral,andbasalsurface.B)Theyarecloselyapposedandarejoinedbycell-to-celladhesionmolecules.C)Theirbasalsurfaceisattachedtoabasementmembrane.D)Skeletalmuscleismultinucleated,lackingtruecellboundaries.19.Whichofthefollowingbodytissuesexhibitsthehighestrateofturnoverandrenewal?A)ThesquamousepithelialcellsoftheskinB)TheconnectivetissuesupportingbloodvesselsC)TheskeletalmusclethatfacilitatesmovementD)Thenervoustissuethatconstitutesthecentralnervoussystem20.ApatientwithapathophysiologicconditionthataffectsthedesmosomesismostlikelytoeA)impairedcontractionofskeletalandsmoothmuscle.B)weaknessofthecollagenandelastinfibersintheextracellularspace.C)impairedcommunicationbetweenneuronsandeffectororgans.D)separationatthejunctionsbetweenepithelialcells.Answer Key1.B2.C3.A4.D5.B

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6.C7.A8.C9.B10.A11.C12.A13.D14.B15.B16.C17.A18.D19.A20.DPage 1Chapter_02-_Cellular_Responses_to_Stress,_Injury,_and_Aging1.IschemiaandothertoxicinjuriesincreasetheaccumulationofintracellularcalciumasaresuA)releaseofstoredcalciumfromthemitochondria.B)improvedintracellularvolumeregulation.C)decreasedinfluxacrossthecellmembrane.D)attractionofcalciumtofattyinfiltrates.2.Thepatientisfoundtohaveliverdisease,resultingintheremovalofalobeofhisliver.Adatothereducedsizeoftheliverleadsto___________oftheremaininglivercells.A)metaplasia

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B)organatrophyC)compensatoryhyperplasiaD)physiologichypertrophy3.Apersoneatingpeanutsstartschokingandcollapses.Hisairwayobstructionispartiallycleabutheremainshypoxicuntilhereachesthehospital.Theprolongedcellhypoxiacausedacinfarctionandresulting__________inthebrain.A)caspaseactivationB)coagulationnecrosisC)rapidphagocytosisD)proteinp53deficiency4.Bacteriaandvirusescausecelldamageby_______,whichisuniquefromtheintracellulardcausedbyotherinjuriousagents.A)disruptingthesodium/potassiumATPasepumpB)interruptingoxidativemetabolismprocessesC)replicatingandproducingcontinuedinjuryD)decreasingproteinsynthesisandfunction5.Thepatienthasaprolongedinterruptioninarterialbloodflowtohisleftkidney,causinghypcellinjuryandthereleaseoffreeradicals.Freeradicalsdamagecellsby:A)destroyingphospholipidsinthecellmembrane.B)alteringtheimmuneresponseofthecell.C)disruptingcalciumstorageinthecell.D)inactivationofenzymesandmitochondria.6.Injuredcellshaveimpairedflowofsubstancesthroughthecellmembraneasaresultof:A)increasedfatload.B)alteredpermeability.C)alteredglucoseutilization.D)increasedsurfacereceptors.7.Reversibleadaptiveintracellularresponsesareinitiatedby:A)stimulusoverload.B)geneticmutations.C)chemicalmessengers.

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D)mitochondrialDNA.8.Injuredcellsbecomeveryswollenasaresultof:A)increasedcellproteinsynthesis.B)alteredcellvolumeregulation.C)passiveentryofpotassiumintothecell.D)blebformationintheplasmamembrane.9.Adiabeticpatienthasimpairedsensation,circulation,andoxygenationofhisfeet.Hestepspieceofglass,thewounddoesnotheal,andtheareatissuebecomesnecrotic.Thenecroticcdeathischaracterizedby:A)rapidapoptosis.B)cellularrupture.C)shrinkageandcollapse.D)chronicinflammation.10.A99-year-oldwomanhasexperiencedthedeclineofcellfunctionassociatedwithage.Agoftheoriesofcellularagingfocusonprogrammed:A)changeswithgeneticinfluences.B)eliminationofcellreceptorsites.C)insufficienttelomeraseenzyme.D)DNAmutationorfaultyrepair.11.An89-year-oldfemalepatienthasexperiencedsignificantdecreasesinhermobilityandstduringa3-weekhospitalstayforthetreatmentofafemoralheadfracture.Whichofthefophenomenamostlikelyaccountsforthepatient’sdecreaseinmusclefunctionthatunderliereducedmobility?A)ImpairedmusclecellmetabolismresultingfrommetaplasiaB)DysplasiaasaconsequenceofinflammationduringboneremodelingC)DisuseatrophyofmusclecellsduringaprolongedperiodofimmobilityD)Ischemicatrophyresultingfromvascularchangeswhileonbedrest12.A20-year-oldcollegestudenthaspresentedtohercampusmedicalclinicforascheduledPapanicolaou(Pap)smear.Theclinicianwhowillinterpretthesmearwillexaminecellsamforevidenceof:A)changesincellshape,size,andorganization.B)thepresenceofunexpectedcelltypes.

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C)ischemicchangesincellsamples.D)abnormallyhighnumbersofcellsinaspecifiedfield.13.Whichofthefollowingpathophysiologicprocessesismostlikelytoresultinmetastaticcalcification?A)BenignprostatichyperplasiaB)LivercirrhosisC)ImpairedglycogenmetabolismD)Hyperparathyroidism14.Despitethelowlevelsofradiationusedincontemporaryradiologicimaging,aradiologytechnicianisawareoftheneedtominimizeherexposuretoionizingradiation.Whatistheprimaryrationaleforthetechnician’sprecautions?A)Radiationstimulatespathologiccellhypertrophyandhyperplasia.B)RadiationresultsintheaccumulationofendogenouswasteproductsinthecytoplasmC)RadiationinterfereswithDNAsynthesisandmitosis.D)Radiationdecreasestheactionpotentialofrapidlydividingcells.15.Theparentsofa4-year-oldgirlhavesoughtcarebecausetheirdaughterhasadmittedtochandswallowingimportedtoyfigurinesthathavebeendeterminedtobemadeoflead.Whithefollowingbloodtestsshouldthecareteamprioritize?A)WhitebloodcelllevelswithdifferentialB)RedbloodcelllevelsandmorphologyC)UreaandcreatininelevelsD)Liverfunctionpanel16.A70-year-oldmalepatienthasbeenadmittedtoahospitalforthetreatmentofarecenthemorrhagicstrokethathaslefthimwithnumerousmotorandsensorydeficits.Thesedefimostlikelytheresultofwhichofthefollowingmechanismsofcellinjury?A)FreeradicalinjuryB)HypoxiaandATPdepletionC)InterferencewithDNAsynthesisD)Impairedcalciumhomeostasis17.WhichofthefollowingprocessesassociatedwithcellularinjuryismostlikelytobereversA)CelldamageresultingfromaccumulationoffatinthecytoplasmB)Cellularchangesasaresultofionizingradiation

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C)CelldamagefromaccumulationoffreeradicalsD)Apoptosis18.Theextrinsicpathwayofapoptosiscanbeinitiatedby:A)damagetocellularDNA.B)decreasedATPlevels.C)activationofthep53protein.D)activationofdeathreceptorsonthecellsurface.19.Apatientwithsevereperipheralvasculardiseasehasdevelopedsignsofdrygangreneontgreattoeofonefoot.Whichofthefollowingpathophysiologicprocessesmostlikelycontrtothisdiagnosis?A)InappropriateactivationofapoptosisB)BacterialinvasionC)ImpairedarterialbloodsupplyD)Metaplasticcellularchanges20.Whichofthefollowingfactsunderliestheconceptofreplicativesenescence?A)Genescontrollinglongevityarepresentorabsentinvaryingquantitiesamongdiffereindividuals.B)Telomeresbecomeprogressivelyshorterinsuccessivegenerationsofacell.C)Thedamaginginfluenceoffreeradicalsincreasesexponentiallyinlatergenerationscell.D)AgingproducesmutationsinDNAanddeficitsinDNArepair.Answer Key1.A2.C3.B4.C5.A6.B7.C8.B9.B

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10.A11.C12.A13.D14.C15.B16.B17.A18.D19.C20.BPage 1Chapter_03-_Inflammation,_the_Inflammatory_Response,_and_Fever1.Thecharacteristic,localizedcardinalsignsofacuteinflammationinclude:A)fever.B)fatigue.C)redness.D)granuloma.2.Thevascular,hemodynamicstageofacuteinflammationisinitiatedbymomentaryvasoconstrictionfollowedbyvasodilationthatcauseslocalized:A)bleeding.B)congestion.C)paleskin.D)coolness.3.Thecellularstageofacuteinflammationismarkedbythemovementofleukocytesintothe

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Whichofthefollowingcellsarrivesearlyingreatnumbers?A)BasophilsB)LymphocytesC)NeutrophilsD)Platelets4.Thephagocytosisprocessinvolvesthreedistinctsteps.WhatistheinitialstepintheprocessA)EngulfmentB)IntracellularkillingC)AntigenmarginationD)Recognitionandadherence5.Whichofthefollowingmediatorsofinflammationcausesincreasedcapillarypermeabilityapain?A)SerotoninB)HistamineC)BradykininD)Nitricoxide6.Inflammatoryexudatesareacombinationofseveraltypes.Whichofthefollowingexudatescomposedofenmeshednecroticcells?A)SerousB)FibrinousC)SuppurativeD)Membranous7.Theacute-phasesystemicresponseusuallybeginswithinhoursoftheonsetofinflammationincludes:A)feverandlethargy.B)decreasedC-reactiveprotein.C)positivenitrogenbalance.D)lowerythrocytesedimentationrate.8.Incontrasttoacuteinflammation,chronicinflammationischaracterizedbywhichofthefolphenomena?A)Profusefibrinousexudation

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B)A“ shifttotheleft”ofgranulocytesC)MetabolicandrespiratoryalkalosisD)Lymphocytosisandactivatedmacrophages9.Exogenouspyrogens(interleukin-1)andthepresenceofbacteriainthebloodleadtothereleendogenouspyrogensthat:A)stabilizethermalcontrolinthebrain.B)produceleukocytosisandanorexia.C)blockviralreplicationincells.D)inhibitprostaglandinrelease.10.Anolderadultpatienthasjustshearedtheskinonherelbowwhileattemptedtoboosthersinbed,aneventthathasprecipitatedacuteinflammationintheregionsurroundingthewouWhichofthefollowingeventswilloccurduringthevascularstageofthepatient’sinflammA)OutpouringofexudateintointerstitialspacesB)ChemotaxisC)AccumulationofleukocytesalongtheepitheliumD)Phagocytosisofcellulardebris11.Whichofthefollowingindividualsmostlikelyhasthehighestriskofexperiencingchroniinflammation?A)Apatientwhohasrecentlybeendiagnosedwithtype2diabetesB)Apatientwhoisacarrierofanantibiotic-resistantorganismC)ApatientwhoistakingoralantibioticsforanupperrespiratoryinfectionD)Apatientwhoismorbidlyobeseandwhohasasedentarylifestyle12.Whichofthefollowingcorebodytemperaturesiswithinnormalrange?A)35.9°C(96.6°F)B)38.0°C(100.4°F)C)35.5°C(95.9°F)D)37.3°C(99.1°F)13.Apostsurgicalpatientwhoisrecoveringinthepostanestheticrecoveryunitstatesthatshe“ freezingcold.”Whichofthefollowingmeasuresislikelytobeinitiatedinthepatient’shypothalamusinanefforttoreduceheatloss?A)Openingofarteriovenous(AV)shuntsB)Reducedexhalationofwarmedair

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C)ContractionofpilomotormusclesD)Decreasedurineproduction14.Anelderlypatientisdressedonlyinahospitalgownandcomplainsofadraftinherroom.Consequently,shehasrequestedawarmblanketwhileshesitsinherwheelchair.Whichofollowingmechanismsofheatlossismostlikelytheprimarycauseofherrequest?A)EvaporationandconductionB)RadiationandconvectionC)ConductionandconvectionD)Convectionandevaporation15.Whichofthefollowingpathophysiologicprocessesarecapableofinducingtheproductionpyrogens?Selectallthatapply.A)AcuteinflammationB)ObesityC)MyocardialinfarctionD)MalignancyE)Renalfailure16.WhichofthefollowingpatientsismostlikelytobesusceptibletodevelopinganeurogenicA)ApatientwhohasstageIIAlzheimerdiseaseB)ApatientwhohassustainedaheadinjuryinabicyclecrashC)ApatientwhohasbecomedeliriousaftertheadministrationofabenzodiazepineD)Apatientwhohasbeguntakingaselectiveserotonin-reuptakeinhibitor(SSRI)forthtreatmentofdepression17.Patientsarecommonlyadministeredantipyreticswhentheiroraltemperatureexceeds37.5(99.5°F).Whichofthefollowingstatementsrelatedtotherationaleforthisactionismostaccurate?A)Temperaturesinexcessof37.5°C(99.5°F)canresultinseizureactivity.B)Lowertemperaturesinhibittheproteinsynthesisofbacteria.C)Thereislittleempiricalevidenceforthistreatmentmodality.D)Mostcommonantipyreticshavebeenshowntohavelittleeffectoncoretemperature18.Apatienthassoughtcarebecauseofrecentmalaiseandhighfever.Uponassessment,thestatesthathiscurrentfeverbegantwodaysearlier,althoughhestatesthatforthelast2weisinacycleofhighfeverforacoupleofdaysfollowedbyadayortwoofnormaltemperaWhichofthefollowingfeverpatternsisthispatientexperiencing?

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A)RecurrentfeverB)RemittentfeverC)SustainedfeverD)Intermittentfever19.Afebrile,3-week-oldinfanthasbeenbroughttotheemergencydepartmentbyhisparentscurrentlyundergoingadiagnosticworkuptodeterminethecauseofhisfever.Whichofthfollowingstatementsbestconveystherationaleforthiscarefulexamination?A)Theimmaturehypothalamusisunabletoperformnormalthermoregulation.B)InfantsaresusceptibletoseriousinfectionsbecauseoftheirdecreasedimmunefunctC)Commonlyusedantipyreticsoftenhavenoeffectonthecoretemperatureofinfants.D)Feverinneonatesisoftenevidenceofacongenitaldisorderratherthananinfection.20.An84-year-oldpatient’sbloodcultureshavecomebackpositive,despitethefactthathisotemperaturehasremainedwithinnormalrange.Whichofthefollowingphenomenaunderlalterationsinfeverresponsethatoccurintheelderly?A)DisturbanceinthefunctioningofthethermoregulatorycenterB)IncreasedheatlossbyevaporationC)ThepresenceofcomorbiditiesthatareassociatedwithloweredcoretemperatureD)PersistentclosureofarteriovenousshuntsAnswer Key1.C2.B3.C4.D5.C6.D7.A8.D9.B10.A11.D12.D

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13.C14.B15.A,C,D16.B17.C18.D19.B20.APage 1Chapter_04-_Cell_Proliferation,_Tissue_Regeneration,_and_Repair1.Epithelialization,thefirstcomponentoftheproliferativephaseofwoundhealing,isdelayedopenwoundsuntilafter________hasformed.A)granulationtissueB)fibrinousmeshworkC)capillarycirculationD)collagenouslayers2.Amutationhasoccurredduringmitosisofanindividual’sbonemarrowcell.Thiseventmayresultofthefailureofwhichofthefollowing?A)ProgenitorcellsB)FibroblastsC)StemcellsD)Cyclins3.Apatienthasexperiencedamyocardialinfarctionwithaccompanyingnecrosisofcardiacmpermanenttissue.WhataretheramificationsofthefactthatcardiacmuscleisapermanenttA)ThecardiacmusclecellswillremainperpetuallyintheG1stageofmitosis.

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B)Regenerationofthepatient’scardiacmusclewillbeexceptionallyslow.C)Thenecroticcellswillbereplacedwithmusclecellsthathavelimitedmetabolism.D)Thecellswillnotproliferateandwillbereplacedwithscartissue.4.Acouplehavechosentopayfortheharvestingandstorageofumbilicalcordbloodafterthedeliveryoftheirchildtosecureafuturesourceofembryonicstemcells.Whatisthemostlikrationaleforthecouple’sdecision?A)Thestemcellsmaybeabletoproduceawiderangeofbodycells.B)Theembryonicstemcellsallowstableandpermanenttissuestoentermitosis.C)Thestemcellscanchangetheproliferativecapacityofothercells.D)Theembryonicstemcellsremovecyclin-dependentkinaseinhibitorsfromthebody.5.Thebasementmembranesurroundingapatient’sfootwoundremainsintact,afactthatbodeforthewound-healingprocess.Whichofthefollowingcomponentsconstitutethisformoftextracellularmatrix?Selectallthatapply.A)ProstaglandinsB)FibrousstructuralproteinsC)LymphocytesD)Water-hydratedgelsE)Glycoproteins6.Anursingstudentiscleaningandchangingthedressingonapatient’ssacralulcer.Thestudvigorouslycleansedthewoundbedtoremovealltracesofthebeefy,redtissuethatexistedwoundbed.Thestudenthasmostlikelyremoved:A)NecrotictissueB)GranulationtissueC)StemcellsD)Theextracellularmatrix7.A12-year-oldboy’sseverewoundthathereceivedfromadogbitehasbeguntohealandcushowsnosignsofinfection.Whichofthefollowingprocessesoccurredfirstduringthisprorepairbyconnectivetissuedeposition?A)ReorganizationoffibroustissueB)AngiogenesisC)EmigrationoffibroblaststothewoundsiteD)Depositionoftheextracellularmatrix

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8.Whichofthefollowingwoundsismostlikelytohealbysecondaryintention?A)AfingerlacerationthatacookreceivedwhilecuttinguponionsB)Aboy’s“ roadrash”thathegotbyfallingoffhisbicycleC)Aneedlestickinjurythatanursereceivedwheninjectingapatient’smedicationD)Theincisionfromateenager’sopenappendectomy9.Apatientunderwentanopencholecystectomy4daysagoandherincisionisnowintheproliferativephaseofhealing.Whatisthedominantcellularprocessthatcharacterizesthispthepatient’shealing?A)HemostasisandvasoconstrictionB)KeloidformationC)CollagensecretionbyfibroblastsD)Phagocytosisbyneutrophils10.Whichofthefollowingsurgicalpatientsismostlikelytoexperienceenhancedwoundheaaresultofhisorherdiet?A)Apatientwhoeatsahigh-caloriedietandlargeamountsofredmeatB)ApatientwhoisavegetarianandwhoeatsorganicfoodswheneverpossibleC)ApatientwhopracticescarefullycaloriecontrolandwhoavoidsanimalfatsD)Apatientwhoisreceivingtotalparenteralnutritionduetorecurrentnausea11.Whichofthefollowingpatientsismostlikelytoexperienceimpairedwoundhealing?A)Apatientwithadiagnosisoftype1diabetesandahistoryofpoorbloodsugarcontroB)AchildwhoseseverecleftlipandpalatehaverequiredaseriesofsurgeriesoversevmonthsC)ApatientwhotakesnebulizedbronchodilatorsseveraltimesdailytotreatchronicobstructivepulmonarydiseaseD)Apatientwithpersistenthypertensionwhotakesab-adrenergicblockerandapotasswastingdiureticdailyAnswer Key1.A2.D3.D4.A5.B,D,E

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6.B7.B8.B9.C10.A11.APage 1Chapter_05-_Genetic_Control_of_Cell_Function_and_Inheritance1.Tripletcodesofthreebasesarethegeneticcodesusedintransmittinggeneticinformationnecessaryfor:A)chromatinformation.B)proteinsynthesis.C)enzymeactivation.D)nucleotidebonding.2.UnlikemessengerRNA(mRNA)andtransferRNA(tRNA),ribosomalRNA(rRNA):A)isproducedinthenucleolus.B)deliversactivatedaminoacids.C)isformedbytranscription.D)coordinatesRNAtranslation.3.SplicingofmRNAduringprocessingpermitsacellto:A)formdifferentproteins.B)increaseDNAcontent.C)stopcopyingDNAontoRNA.D)addnucleicacidendpieces.4.Whenaninfantisbornwithgenemutationsinhis/hercells,theerrorsmaybearesultofall

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followingexcept_____________ofbasepairs.A)deletionB)substitutionC)differentiationD)rearrangement5.IdentifyingthegeneticsexofachildisbasedonfindingintracellularBarrbodiesthatconsisA)inactivechromatinmaterial.B)male-specificchromosomes.C)homologouschromosomes.D)excessautosomalmaterial.6.Multifactorialinheritanceissimilartopolygenicinheritancebecausebothinvolve:A)environmentaleffectsonalleles.B)multipleallelesatdifferentloci.C)predictablesomaticalleleeffects.D)homozygouspairingoftwoalleles.7.Crossingoverofchromatidsegmentsduringmeiosisdivision1resultsin:A)spontaneousgenemutations.B)initialDNAsynthesis.C)bivalentXandYgenes.D)newgenecombinations.8.Duringthetranscriptionprocess,RNA:A)polymeraseattachestoDNA.B)exonsequencesarereversed.C)deliversactivatedaminoacids.D)reversesredundantbasepairs.9.Theprocessofgeneexpressionisincreasedby:A)mutationofnormalsuppressorgenes.B)inductionbyanexternalinfluence.C)repressionofinternalpenetrance.D)activationofgrowthcontrolgenes.

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10.Genetherapy,insertionofgenesintothegenomeofmulticellularorganisms,isaccomplishA)restrictionenzymes.B)transferringgenes.C)DNAfragmentseparation.D)cross-overgeneexchange.11.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofgeneticmutations?A)ErrorsinDNAduplicationarenormallyirreparable.B)Mutationsthatoccurinsomaticcellsareinheritable.C)Mutationsmayresultfromextrinsicfactorsorfromspontaneouserror.D)ErrorsinDNAreplicationaremostoftenfatal.12.Individualdifferencesinappearance,behavior,anddiseasesusceptibilityarearesultof:A)karyotyping.B)mutations.C)DNArepair.D)ahaplotype.13.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofmessengerRNA(mRNA)?A)mRNAisproducedinthenucleolus.B)mRNAprovidesthetemplateforproteinsynthesis.C)EachmRNAmoleculehastworecognitionsites.D)mRNAdeliverstheactivatedformofanaminoacidtotheproteinbeingsynthesized14.PrenatalgenetictestingthatcountsthenumberofBarrbodiesinachromosomeisabletodetermine:A)thegeneticsexofachild.B)susceptibilitytohemophiliaB.C)thepresenceoffragileXsyndrome.D)fetalviability.15.Thegeneresponsibleforaparticularcongenitalcardiacanomalyissaidtohavecompletepenetrance.Whataretheclinicalimplicationsofthisfact?A)Theanomalyisaresultofpolygeneticinheritance.B)Theheartdefectdoesnotresultfromanyothergene.C)Multipleallelescontributetothedefect.

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D)Alltheindividualswhopossessthegenewillexhibittheanomaly.16.Adominantgenetictrait:A)isexpressedonlyinaheterozygouspairing.B)isexpressedineitherahomozygousorheterozygouspairing.C)isexpressedonlyinahomozygouspairing.D)isexpressedinsomecarriers.17.Whichofthefollowingmethodsofgeneticmappingfocusesonthemeasurementofenzymactivity?A)HybridizationstudiesB)HaplotypemappingC)LinkagestudiesD)Genedosagestudies18.WhichofthefollowingfactsunderliestheapplicationofRNAinterferenceinthetreatmendisease?A)Restrictionenzymesareabletocleavegeneticmoleculesatpredictablesites.B)Itispossibletoproduceproteinsthathavetherapeuticproperties.C)Faultygeneactivitythatproducesunwantedproteinscansometimesbestopped.D)Individualdifferencesareattributabletoaverysmallpercentageofthegenesinthehbody.19.AlthoughthemajorityofcellularDNAexistsinthecellnucleus,partofthecellDNAislointhe:A)mitochondria.B)Golgiapparatus.C)smoothendoplasmicreticulum.D)microfilaments.20.WhichofthefollowingisanapplicationofrecombinantDNAtechnology?A)ProductionofhumaninsulinB)DNAfingerprintingC)GenedosagestudiesD)SomaticcellhybridizationAnswer Key

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1.B2.A3.A4.C5.A6.B7.D8.A9.B10.B11.C12.D13.B14.A15.D16.B17.D18.C19.A20.APage 1Chapter_06-_Genetic_and_Congenital_Disorders1.Geneticdisordersthatinvolveasinglegenetraitarecharacterizedby:A)multifactorialgenemutations.B)chromosomerearrangements.

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C)Mendelianpatternsoftransmission.D)abnormalnumbersofchromosomes.2.Inadditiontohavinga50%chanceofinheritinganautosomaldominantdisorderfromanafparent,suchadisorderischaracterizedby:A)aneuploidyofgenesinallcells.B)deficienciesinenzymesynthesis.C)affectedXtransmissiontodaughters.D)variedgenepenetrationandexpression.3.Autosomalrecessivedisordersarecharacterizedby:A)ageofonsetlaterinlife.B)abnormalproteinstructure.C)inbornerrorsofmetabolism.D)oneintworiskofacarrierchild.4.WhenamalechildinheritsanX-linkeddisorderfromhisheterozygouscarriermother,A)hissonswillbecarriers.B)hisfatherhasthedisorder.C)someofhissisterswillbecarriers.D)hisdaughterswillhavethedisorder.5.Multifactorialinheritancedisorders,suchascleftpalate,areoftencausedby____________fetaldevelopment.A)multiplegenemutationsB)dominantgeneexpressionC)X-linkedcrossoverproblemD)polyploidyofchromosomes6.Thenewbornhasthedistinctivephysicalfeaturesoftrisomy21,Downsyndrome,whichincA)upwardslantingofeyes.B)large,protrudingears.C)thinlipsandsmalltongue.D)longfingerswithextracreases.7.AneuploidyoftheXchromosomecanresultinamonosomyorpolysomydisorder.ThemanifestationsofmonosomyX,Turnersyndrome,differfrompolysomyXdisordersinnum

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waysthatinclude:A)short-staturefemaleindividual..B)mentalretardation.C)enlargedbreasts.D)earlyonsetpuberty.8.Ateratogenicenvironmentalagentcancausebirthdefectswhen:A)inheritedasarecessivetrait.B)intenseexposureoccursatbirth.C)disjunctionoccursduringmeiosis.D)retainedduringearlypregnancy.9.Fetalalcoholsyndrome(FAS)isunlikeotherteratogensinthattheharmfuleffectsonthefeA)directlyresultinliverdamage.B)extendthroughoutthepregnancy.C)ismostnoticeableinadulthood.D)causedeathinearlychildhood.10.Prenataldiagnosismethodsincludetheuseofultrasonographyforidentifying________abnormalities.A)cytogenicB)skeletalC)chromosomalD)a-fetoprotein11.Awomanwhoisacarrierforwhichofthefollowingdiseasespossessesthegreatestlikelihpassingthediseasetoherfuturechildrenwhenheterozygouspairingexists?A)Phenylketonuria(PKU)B)Tay-SachsdiseaseC)NeurofibromatosisD)Cysticfibrosis12.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofautosomalrecessivedisorders?A)Onsetistypicallylateinchildhoodorearlyinadulthood.B)Symptomatologyislessuniformthanwithautosomaldominantdisorders.C)MitochondrialDNAisnormallythesiteofgeneticalteration.

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D)Effectsaretypicallytheresultofalterationsinenzymefunction.13.Theparentsofanewborninfantarerelievedthattheirbabywasbornhealthy,withtheexcofacleftlipthatwillbesurgicallycorrectedin10or12weeks.Whichofthenurse’sfollostatementstotheparentsbestconveystheprobablecauseoftheinfant’scleftlip?A)“ Thoughyouarebothhealthy,youlikelybothcarrythegeneforacleftlip.”B)“ Providedoneofyouhadthegeneforacleftlip,yourbabylikelyfaceda50/50chahavingone.”C)“ Yourchild’scleftliplikelyresultsfromtheinterplaybetweenenvironmentandgeD)“ Acleftlipcansometimesresultfromtakingprescriptiondrugs,evenwhenthey’reasordered.”14.Whichofthefollowingpractitionersismostlikelytobeofassistanceintheearlycareofainfantwithacleftlip?A)LactationconsultantB)RespiratorytherapistC)OccupationaltherapistD)Socialworker15.A41-year-oldwomanhasmadetherecentdecisiontostartafamily,andiseagertoundergtestingtomitigatethepossibilityofhavingachildwithDownsyndrome.Whichofthefoltestsismostlikelytoprovidethedatathewomanseeks?A)GenetictestingofthewomanB)GenetictestingofthewomanandthefatherC)PrenatalbloodtestsD)Ultrasonography16.GenetictestinghasrevealedthatamaleinfanthasbeenbornwithanextraXchromosomearethemostlikelyimplicationsofthisfinding?A)ThechildisunlikelytosurviveinfancyB)ThechildislikelytohavenomanifestationsofthischromosomalabnormalityC)ThechildwillhavesignificantneurologicalandcognitivedefectsD)Thechildwillbeunabletoreproduce17.Whichofthefollowingvariablesdeterminetheextentofteratogenicdrugeffects?Selectaapply.A)MaternalhealthhistoryB)Molecularweightofthedrug

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C)StageofpregnancywhenthedrugwastakenD)DurationofdrugexposureE)Fetalbloodtype18.Awomanwhohasjustlearnedthatsheispregnantforthefirsttimehassoughtadvicefromhealthcareprovideraboutthesafeuseofalcoholduringpregnancy.Whatadviceshouldthclinicianprovidetothewoman?A)It’slikelybesttoeliminatealcoholfromyourdietwhileyou’repregnant.”B)“ Moderationinalcoholuseiscriticalwhileyouarepregnant.”C)“ Youshouldlimityourselftoamaximumofonedrinkdailywhileyou’repregnant.D)“ Youshoulddrinknoalcoholuntilyouareinyoursecondtrimester.”19.WhichofthefollowinghealthproblemsmaybeidentifiedbyaTORCHscreeningtest?A)RubellaandherpesB)TenovaginitisandhumanpapillomavirusC)RhinovirusandOrmonddiseaseD)Chlamydiaandrickets20.Ultrasonographyismostlikelytodetectwhichofthefollowingfetalabnormalities?A)NeuraltubedefectsB)SkeletalabnormalitiesC)ChromosomaldefectsD)Single-genedisordersAnswer Key1.C2.D3.C4.C5.A6.A7.A8.D9.B10.B

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11.C12.D13.C14.A15.C16.B17.B,C,D18.A19.A20.BPage 1Chapter_07-_Neoplasia1.Unlikethetissuegrowththatoccurswithhypertrophyandhyperplasia,thegrowthofamaliis:A)adaptive.B)specialized.C)predictable.D)autonomous.2.Incontrasttomalignancies,benigntumorsarecharacterizedby:A)afibrouscapsule.B)distantinfiltration.C)rapidreplication.D)undifferentiatedcells.3.Becauseoftheirrapidgrowth,malignanttumorsaffectareatissuesby:A)increasingtissuebloodflow.B)providingessentialnutrients.C)liberatingenzymesandtoxins.D)formingfibrousmembranes.

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4.Themetastaticspreadoftumorcellsisfacilitatedby_______thatenablesinvasionandmovtodistanttissues.A)cellcohesivenessB)enzymesecretionC)contactinhibitionD)cell-to-cellsignaling5.Theangiogenesisprocess,whichallowstumorstodevelopnewbloodvessels,istriggeredaregulatedbytumor-secreted:A)procoagulants.B)growthfactors.C)attachmentfactors.D)proteolyticenzymes.6.Canceroustransformationofacellrequirestheactivationof:A)cellcycleapoptosis.B)multiplemutations.C)asinglegenemutation.D)tumorsuppressorgenes.7.Althoughclinicalmanifestationsvarywiththetypeofcancerandorgansinvolved,abnormagrowthcausesgeneralmanifestationsthatinclude:A)copiouslymphflow.B)sleepdisturbances.C)involuntaryweightgain.D)visceralorganexpansion.8.Paraneoplasticsyndromesaremanifestationsofcancerthatoftenresultfrom:A)radiationandchemotherapy.B)compressionofareavessels.C)tumor-relatedtissuenecrosis.D)inappropriatehormonerelease.9.Althoughbothgradingandstagingaremethodsforclassifyingcancerandselectingatreatmplan,stagingisusedtodeterminethe:A)numberofmitoses.

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B)tissuecharacteristics.C)levelofdifferentiation.D)extentofdiseasespread.10.EarlydiagnosisofchildhoodcancersisoftendifficultbecausethesignsandsymptomsareA)alreadypresentatbirth.B)absentuntilthelatestage.C)similartothoseofotherchildhooddiseases.D)seenasdevelopmentaldelays.11.Alungbiopsyandmagneticresonanceimaginghaveconfirmedthepresenceofabenignltumorinapatient.Whichofthefollowingcharacteristicsareassociatedwiththispatient’sneoplasm?A)Thetumorwillgrowbyexpansionandislikelyencapsulated.B)Thecellsthatconstitutethetumorareundifferentiated,withatypicalstructure.C)Ifleftuntreated,thepatient’stumorislikelytometastasize.D)Thetumorislikelytoinfiltratethelungtissuethatpresentlysurroundsit.12.Whichofthefollowingprocessescharacterizesanepigeneticcontributiontooncogenesis?A)ADNArepairmechanismisdisrupted.B)Atumorsuppressorgeneispresent,butitisnotexpressed.C)Cellslosetheirnormalcontactinhibition.D)Regulationofapoptosisinimpaired,resultinginaccumulationofcancercells.13.Afarmer’slong-termexposuretopesticideshasmadethecellsinhisalveoliandbronchiasusceptibletomalignancy.Whichofthefollowingprocesseshastakenplaceinthefarmerlungs?A)PromotionB)ProgressionC)InitiationD)Differentiation14.Geneticscreeningmaybeindicatedforindividualswhohaveafamilyhistoryofwhichoffollowingneoplasms?A)LivercancerB)MultiplemyelomaC)Leukemia

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D)Breastcancer15.Apublichealthnursehascitedareductionincancerriskamongthemanybenefitsofmainahealthybody-massindex.Whichofthefollowingfactsunderliestherelationshipbetweeobesityandcancer?A)ObesitycancauseinflammationandhormonalchangesthatareassociatedwithcancB)AdiposetissueismoresusceptibletomalignancythanothertypesofconnectivetissuC)Increasedcardiacworkloadandtissuehypoxiacaninterferewithnormalcelldifferentiation.D)Increasednumbersofbodycellsincreasethestatisticalchancesofneoplasticcellcha16.Whichofthefollowingdietaryguidelinesshouldanurseprovidetoagroupofolderadultpossiblydecreasetheirrisksofdevelopingcoloncancer?A)“ Asmuchaspossible,trytoeatorganicfoods.”B)“ Regularvitaminsupplementsandalow-carbohydratedietarebeneficial.”C)“ Trytominimizefatandmaximizefiberwhenyou’replanningyourmeals.”D)“ Eatenoughfiberinyourdietthatyouhavebowelmovementatleastoncedaily.”17.Amalepatientwithadiagnosisoflivercancerhasbeenrecentlyadmittedtoapalliativecafollowinghisrecentdevelopmentofbonemetastases.Despitehisfamily’sencouragementpatienthasexperiencedprecipitousweightlossinrecentweeks.Whichofthefollowingfamayunderliethepatient’slossoffatandmusclemass?A)TheactionofcytokinesandconsequentinflammationB)LossofappetiteduetofatigueandpainC)ChangesinpeptidehormonelevelsD)Productionofonconeuralantigensbycancerouscells18.A51-year-oldpatienthasbeendiagnosedwithstageIVbreastcancerwithlungmetastasesWhichofthefollowingtreatmentoptionsismostlikelytotreatbothherprimaryanddistacancersites?A)RadiationtherapyB)ChemotherapyC)SurgeryD)Hormonetherapy19.Apatient’soncologisthaspresentedthepossibilityofimplementingbiotherapyinthetreaofthepatient’sbraintumor.Whichofthefollowingmechanismsofactionprovidethetheeffectsofbiotherapy?Selectallthatapply.

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