StudyXY
RegisterLog in
Back to AI Flashcard MakerAnatomy and Physiology /A-level Biology - 3.1.4 Transport into and out of Cells Part 2

A-level Biology - 3.1.4 Transport into and out of Cells Part 2

Anatomy and Physiology20 CardsCreated about 2 months ago

This deck covers key concepts related to the transport of substances across cell membranes, including the effects of temperature and solvents on membrane permeability, diffusion processes, and the role of proteins in facilitated diffusion.

PrintEmbedImportReport

Temperatures below 0°C: Describe and explain the membrane permeability

Phospholipids don’t have much energy = can’t move much Packed closely together & membrane is rigid BUT channel proteins and carrier proteins deform = increasing permeability of membrane Ice crystals may form and pierce the membrane = makes highly permeable when it thaws
Tap or swipe ↕ to flip
Swipe ←→Navigate
1/20

Key Terms

Term
Definition
Temperatures below 0°C: Describe and explain the membrane permeability
Phospholipids don’t have much energy = can’t move much Packed closely together & membrane is rigid BUT channel proteins and carrier proteins deform = ...
Temperatures between 0 and 45°C: Describe and explain the membrane permeability
Phospholipids can move around & aren’t packed as tightly together = membrane is partially permeable As temperature increases = phospholipids move more...
Describe the effect of high temperature on cell membranes
Phospholipids have more kinetic energy Movement makes membranes more fluid and leaky Increases no. of gaps between phospholipids Glycoproteins/channel...

Sketch a graph showing how increasing the temperature affects membrane permeability

Surrounding cells in an increasing concentration of solvent (e.g. acetone) will _ membrane permeability
INCREASE
Why does surrounding cells in an increasing concentration of solvent (e.g. acetone) increase membrane permeability?
∵ the solvent dissolves lipids in the cell membrane, causing it to lose its structure
Log in to view all terms

Related Flashcard Decks

Anatomy and Physiology

A-LEVEL PE (OCR): PAPER 1 - Recovery, Altitude and Heat

These flashcards explain key concepts related to oxygen use during and after exercise, including EPOC (Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption), oxygen deficit, and the two stages of recovery. They highlight how the body restores itself to a pre-exercise state and compensates for oxygen demands during physical activity.

42 cards
View Deck
Anatomy and Physiology

A-LEVEL PE (OCR): PAPER 1 - Cardiovascular & Respiratory System Part 2

This flashcard set covers fundamental concepts in cardiovascular and respiratory physiology, including vasodilation, pre-capillary sphincter function, the effect of temperature on venous return and cardiac output, and the active or passive nature of inspiration and expiration at rest and during exercise.

35 cards
View Deck
Anatomy and Physiology

A-LEVEL PE (OCR): Cardiovascular & Respiratory System Part 1

This deck covers key concepts related to the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, including definitions, pathways, and physiological processes.

35 cards
View Deck
Anatomy and Physiology

A-LEVEL PE (OCR): PAPER 1 - The Muscular System Part 2

This flashcard set lists the primary agonist muscles responsible for key movements at the knee and ankle joints: biceps femoris for knee flexion, rectus femoris for knee extension, gastrocnemius and soleus for ankle plantarflexion, and tibialis anterior for ankle dorsiflexion.

34 cards
View Deck
Anatomy and Physiology

A-LEVEL PE (OCR): PAPER 1 - The Muscular System Part 1

This deck covers key concepts and definitions related to the muscular system, including types of muscle contractions, movements, and the muscles involved in specific joint actions.

35 cards
View Deck
Anatomy and Physiology

3MB Psychiatry: Neurobiology of Cognition

This flashcard set outlines the key functions of the frontal lobe, including movement, executive function, personality, and language. It also describes specific clinical tests for frontal lobe function, such as verbal fluency and the Luria step test.

20 cards
View Deck

Study Tips

  • Press F to enter focus mode for distraction-free studying
  • Review cards regularly to improve retention
  • Try to recall the answer before flipping the card
  • Share this deck with friends to study together
A-level Biology - 3.1.4 Transport into and out of Cells Part 2
TermDefinition
Temperatures below 0°C: Describe and explain the membrane permeability
Phospholipids don’t have much energy = can’t move much Packed closely together & membrane is rigid BUT channel proteins and carrier proteins deform = increasing permeability of membrane Ice crystals may form and pierce the membrane = makes highly permeable when it thaws
Temperatures between 0 and 45°C: Describe and explain the membrane permeability
Phospholipids can move around & aren’t packed as tightly together = membrane is partially permeable As temperature increases = phospholipids move more ∵ have more energy = increases permeability of membrane
Describe the effect of high temperature on cell membranes
Phospholipids have more kinetic energy Movement makes membranes more fluid and leaky Increases no. of gaps between phospholipids Glycoproteins/channel & carrier proteins denature All increases permeability of membrane as substances can enter and leave that wouldn’t normally

Sketch a graph showing how increasing the temperature affects membrane permeability

Surrounding cells in an increasing concentration of solvent (e.g. acetone) will _ membrane permeability
INCREASE
Why does surrounding cells in an increasing concentration of solvent (e.g. acetone) increase membrane permeability?
∵ the solvent dissolves lipids in the cell membrane, causing it to lose its structure
What could you use to investigate how different conditions (e.g. temperature and solvent concentration) affects membrane permeability?
Beetroot → higher permeability of membrane = more pigment leaks out of cell
Define diffusion
Net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to area of lower concentration
Diffusion is a ____ process
passive
Particles diffuse ___ a concentration gradient
DOWN
What type of particles can diffuse through cell membranes?
Small and non-polar particles
Polar molecules have… & non-polar molecules don't
partial positive and negative charges
Why are small particles able to diffuse through the cell membrane?
∵ they can pass through spaces between phospholipids
Why are non-polar particles able to diffuse through the cell membrane?
∵ they can dissolve in the hydrophobic bilayer as being non-polar makes them soluble in lipids
What is simple diffusion? (in membrane terms)
When molecules diffuse directly through cell membrane
Why don't large/charged particles diffuse through the phospholipid bilayer?
∵ they would diffuse extremely slowly as they're big/water soluble (& centre of bilayer is hydrophobic)
Facilitated diffusion moves particles _ a concentration gradient & is _____
DOWN … PASSIVE
What do carrier proteins do?
Move large molecules across membranes = down their concentration gradient
______ carrier/channel proteins facilitate the diffusion of different molecules
Different

Describe how carrier proteins move large molecules across membranes

Large molecule attaches to carrier protein Protein changes shape This releases the molecule on the opposite side of membrane