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Anatomy: Abdomen VIII - Large Intestine Part 1

Anatomy and Physiology20 CardsCreated about 2 months ago

This deck covers key concepts related to the anatomy of the large intestine, including nerve fibers, appendicitis, and anatomical structures like the mesoappendix and paracolic gutters.

Superior mesenteric plexus: what kind of nerve fibers & where do they come from?

Sympathetic: from lower thoracic spinal nerves Parasympathetic: from vagus nerve
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
Superior mesenteric plexus: what kind of nerve fibers & where do they come from?
Sympathetic: from lower thoracic spinal nerves Parasympathetic: from vagus nerve
The mesoappendix derives from the posterior side of what mesentery?
Mesentery of the terminal ileum
The position of the appendix is variable but it is usually…?
Retrocecal
What is the McBuney point on the spinoumbilical line?
Appendix is deep to this point
What is the usual cause of appendicitis in young people?
Hyperplasia of lymphatic follicles in appendix (occludes lumen)
What is the usual cause of appendicitis in older people?
Obstruction from a FECALITH (Concentration formed around fecal matter) - trapped secretions from appendix cause swelling

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TermDefinition
Superior mesenteric plexus: what kind of nerve fibers & where do they come from?
Sympathetic: from lower thoracic spinal nerves Parasympathetic: from vagus nerve
The mesoappendix derives from the posterior side of what mesentery?
Mesentery of the terminal ileum
The position of the appendix is variable but it is usually…?
Retrocecal
What is the McBuney point on the spinoumbilical line?
Appendix is deep to this point
What is the usual cause of appendicitis in young people?
Hyperplasia of lymphatic follicles in appendix (occludes lumen)
What is the usual cause of appendicitis in older people?
Obstruction from a FECALITH (Concentration formed around fecal matter) - trapped secretions from appendix cause swelling
Why is appendicitis related pain usually periumbilical?
Afferent nerve fibres from appendix enter spinal cord at T10 level
Acute appendicitis may result in..?
Thrombosis in appendicular artery (may result in ischemia, gangrene, and perforation of appendix)
What nerve has to be retracted during an appendectomy?
Iliohypogastric nerve
What separates the ascending colon from the anterolateral abdominal wall?
Greater omentum
Right paracolic gutter
Deep vertical groove between lateral aspect of ascending colon & adjacent abdominal wall
Juxtacolic artery (marginal artery)
Anastomoses between ileocolic a., right colic a., middle colic a., left colic a., sigmoid a. branches (parallels length of colon close to mesenteric border)
Volvulus of the colon:
Obstruction of intestine resulting from twisting
Cecopexy:
may help avoid volvulus & colon obstruction - procedure: tenia coli of cecum + proximal ascending colon sutured to abdominal wall
Compare the splenic flexure to the hepatic flexure
Splenic: - more superior - more acute - less mobile
What attaches the transverse colon to the diaphragm?
Phrenicocolic ligament
Transverse mesocolon is fused with what structure as it loops down inferiority?
Posterior wall of omental bursa
The root of the transverse mesocolon is continuous with…
Parietal peritoneum posteriorly (along inferior border of pancreas)
Left paracolic gutter:
Deep v-shaped crevice between descending colon & adjacent abdominal wall
Sigmoid colon extends from:
Iliac fossa to S3 segment (joins rectum) RECTOSiGMOID junction: termination of teniae coli (approx. 15cm from anus)