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Anatomy: Pelvis - Perineum

Anatomy and Physiology19 CardsCreated about 2 months ago

These flashcards detail the anatomical boundaries and structural organization of the perineum. They cover its division into the urogenital and anal triangles, describe the layers and contents such as the deep perineal pouch, and explain the configuration of the ischio-anal fossa and anal triangle. Understanding these regions is essential for pelvic anatomy and clinical relevance in surgery, obstetrics, and urology.

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Perineum boundaries

Anterior:

- pubic symphysis

Posterior:

- coccyx

Lateral:

- ischial tuberosity

Lateral margins:

- ischiopubic ramus (A)

- sacrotuberous ligament (P)

Roof:

- levator ani

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Key Terms

Term
Definition

Perineum boundaries

Anterior:

- pubic symphysis

Posterior:

- coccyx

Lateral:

- ischial tuberosity

Lateral margins:

- ischiopu...

Subdivisions of perineum:

Anal triangle (posterior) + urogenital triangle (anterior)

Characteristics of perineum:

  • thick fibrous sheet

  • free posterior border (att medially to perineal body + laterally to pubic arch)

  • deep peri...

Anal triangle boundaries

Anterior:

- ischial tuberosity

Posterior:

- coccyx

Lateral:

- sacrotuberous ligament

Roof:

- levator ani<...

Ischio-anal fossa:

  • in anal triangle

  • b/t ischiopubic rami + rectum/anal canal

  • contains: fat, pudendal n., internal pudendal a.+v....

Urogenital triangle boundaries

Anterior:

- pubic symphysis

Lateral:

- ischiopubic rami

Posterior:

- ischial tuberosity

Roof:

- levator...

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Anatomy: Pelvis - Perineum
TermDefinition

Perineum boundaries

Anterior:

- pubic symphysis

Posterior:

- coccyx

Lateral:

- ischial tuberosity

Lateral margins:

- ischiopubic ramus (A)

- sacrotuberous ligament (P)

Roof:

- levator ani

Subdivisions of perineum:

Anal triangle (posterior) + urogenital triangle (anterior)

Characteristics of perineum:

  • thick fibrous sheet

  • free posterior border (att medially to perineal body + laterally to pubic arch)

  • deep perineal pouch=superior; contains skel muscles, nerves, vessels

  • supports external genitalia

  • pierced by urethra (+vagina)

Anal triangle boundaries

Anterior:

- ischial tuberosity

Posterior:

- coccyx

Lateral:

- sacrotuberous ligament

Roof:

- levator ani

External anal sphincter surrounds anal canal

Ischio-anal fossa:

  • in anal triangle

  • b/t ischiopubic rami + rectum/anal canal

  • contains: fat, pudendal n., internal pudendal a.+v.

  • medial wall = levator ani

  • lateral wall = ischium+obituator internus+sacrotuberous ligament

  • pyramid-shaped anterior recess projects into urogenital triangle

Urogenital triangle boundaries

Anterior:

- pubic symphysis

Lateral:

- ischiopubic rami

Posterior:

- ischial tuberosity

Roof:

- levator ani

Urogenital triangle: contents

Deep perineal pouch:

  • bulbourethral glands of Cowper (M)

  • sphincter urethrae (F/M)

  • sphincter urethrovaginalis (F)

—PERENIAL MEMBRANE+BODY—-

Superficial perineal pouch:

  • sup. transverse perineus m.

  • greater vestibular gland Bartholin (F)

  • external genitalia+ asso. muscles

  • branches of pudendal n. + internal pudendal a./ v.

Urogenital triangle: contents

External genitalia (erectile tissues+muscles):

  • corpus cavernosum

  • corpus spongiosum

corpus cavernosum

  • R/L crus surrounded by ischiocavernosus m.

  • body of penis

  • body & glans of clitoris

corpus spongiosum

  • bulb of penis

  • bulbs of clitoris surrounded by bulbospongiosus m.

  • body & glans of penis

Superficial perineal pouch: 3 paired muscles


  • ischiocavernosus

  • bulbospongiosus

  • superficial transverse perineus m.

All branches of internal iliac a. + internal pudendal a. have corresponding veins EXCEPT…?

Umbilical a.

Iliolumbar a.

Deep dorsal vein corresponds with what arteries?

Deep artery + dorsal artery (of clitoris/penis)

Perineal lymphatic drainage …?

Follows internal pudendal a. branches

- mainly drains to INTERNAL ILiAC NODES

Lymph from superficial penis/clitoris, scrotum, labia majora drain into…

mainly SUPERFICIAL INGUINAL NODES

Lymph from glans penis, glans clitoris, labia minora, terminal inferior end of vag drain into…


DEEP INGUINAL NODES + EXTERNAL ILIAC NODES

Lymph from testers (& ovaries) drain directly into …

LATERAL AORTIC (lumbar) + PRE-AORTIC NODES (scattered on/around ab. aorta)


Abscess in ischio-anal fossa:

  • soft anal mucosa can be torn by hard poops

  • infection/inflammation of anal canal can spread b/t sphincters = intersphincteric fistulas

  • infection may spread superiorly into pelvic cavity; laterally into ischio-anal fossa

Ano-rectal hemorrhoids:


  • enlarged submucosal veins

  • common = blood in stool

  • may indicate portal hypertension

  • treatments: self-medication; surgery