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ATI TEAS: Immune System

Anatomy and Physiology25 CardsCreated 2 months ago

This deck covers key concepts related to the immune system, including the innate and adaptive immune systems, antigens, pathogens, and immunizations.

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What are antigens?

Substances on the surface of agents that the body perceives as foreign.
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
What are antigens?
Substances on the surface of agents that the body perceives as foreign.
What is a pathogen?
Dangerous foreign substances to the body.
What are allergies?
Immune response to foreign agents that are not pathogens.
What is the innate immune system?
The body’s first line of defense; a collection of nonspecific barriers- not defend against specific pathogens.
What is a commensal microorganism?
Normal bacterial flora.
Name some antimicrobial substances in the body.
Mucus, tears, saliva.
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ATI TEAS: Immune System
TermDefinition
What are antigens?
Substances on the surface of agents that the body perceives as foreign.
What is a pathogen?
Dangerous foreign substances to the body.
What are allergies?
Immune response to foreign agents that are not pathogens.
What is the innate immune system?
The body’s first line of defense; a collection of nonspecific barriers- not defend against specific pathogens.
What is a commensal microorganism?
Normal bacterial flora.
Name some antimicrobial substances in the body.
Mucus, tears, saliva.
What are some external aspects of the innate immune system?
Skin, hair, earwax, sweat, salt, enzymes, commensal microorganisms, mucus.
What are some internal aspects of the innate immune system?
Inflammation, interferon, phagocytes, antimicrobials, NK lymphocytes.
What is phagocytosis?
Ingestion of pathogens by WBC phagocytes.
What is a macrophage?
A phagocyte that uses digested antigens to alert T cells; also produces cytokines.
Name 3 antigen presenting cells.
Dendrite, B and macrophage.
What are cytokines?
Molecules that signal the location of a pathogen to activate cytotoxic T cells (macrophage and helper T cells produce this).
What is histamine?
WBC that triggers capillary permeability and vasodilation so WB can leak to the infected tissues.
What is inflammation?
Redness, swelling, heat, pain.
What are interferons?
Proteins secreted by leukocytes that inhibit virus replication.
What is the adaptive immune system?
Specific responses to particular antigens.
What are lymphocytes?
B cells and T cells.

What are T-cells?

Mature in the Thymus.
Helper T- interlukins- trigger action from other cells
Cytotoxic T- attack pathogens
Memory T- Respond quickly to re-exposed pathogen, preventing symptoms

What is cell-mediated immunity?
Adaptive immunity from T cells that attack parasites, cancer, transplanted tissues, etc.
What are B-cells?
Mature in bone marrow and make antibodies in response to antigens; turn into plasma cells that release a shload of antibodies.
What are antibodies (immunoglobulins)?
Blood proteins that fit specific antigens, marking them for destruction.
What is antibody-mediated immunity (humoral immunity)?
Immunity by antibodies created by B-cells.
What is immunization?
Active artificial immunity.
What is passive immunity?
Temporary immunity gained from an outside source i.e. placenta or breast milk.
What is active immunity?
Production of antibodies as a result in active antigens present in the body.