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ATI TEAS: Skeletal System
This deck contains 37 flashcards covering key concepts related to the skeletal system for the ATI TEAS exam.
What makes up bones?
Calcium, collagen, and cells
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
What makes up bones?
Calcium, collagen, and cells
How many bones are in the human body?
206
Osteocytes
Star shaped cells that maintain bone, sense physical stress
Osteoblasts
Synthesize bone in groups by making a collagen matrix that extracellular hydroxyapatite Ca3(PO4) binds to
Osteoclasts
Break down bone Ca+ through mineral reabsorption
Collagen
Protein that gives bone flexibility
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What makes up bones? | Calcium, collagen, and cells |
How many bones are in the human body? | 206 |
Osteocytes | Star shaped cells that maintain bone, sense physical stress |
Osteoblasts | Synthesize bone in groups by making a collagen matrix that extracellular hydroxyapatite Ca3(PO4) binds to |
Osteoclasts | Break down bone Ca+ through mineral reabsorption |
Collagen | Protein that gives bone flexibility |
Brittle bone disease (osteogenesis imperfecta) | Genetically based corruption of bone’s collagen matrix |
Periosteum | Outside structure of a bone that ligaments and tendons attach |
Describe compact (dense) bone | Made of osteons- a group of lamellae ( collagen matrix in concentric circles). In-between lamellae are lacunae where osteocytes reside. Lacunae communicate through tunnels called canaliculi. In the center is the central Haversian canal for blood vessels and nerves. Those nerves connect from one osteon to another by oblique Volkmann’s canals. |
Describe spongy bone | Found in the middle of bones, lighter, very few osteons, where bone marrow is |
What is the difference between red and yellow bone marrow? | Red marrow is where RBCs are made and plays a role in the immune system. Yellow marrow is found in the adult body’s long bones i.e. femur. |
Tendons | Connect bones to muscles |
Ligaments | Connect bone to bone |
Hyaline cartilage | Keeps bones from grinding on each other and provides smooth movement |
Hinge joint | Allows flexion along one plane |
Ball and socket joints | Allow for abduction, adduction, circumduction, and rotation |
Gliding joints (plane joint) | Allow for bones to glide past each other on the same plane |
Short bones | Same width as length |
Flat bones | i.e. skull, fuse together at end sites called sutures |
Irregular bones | Bones that don’t fit in the 3 bone categories - vertebrae |
Osteo vs rheumatoid arthritis | Osteo is physical wear, rheumatoid is autoimmune and progressive |
Epiphyseal plate (growth plate) | Newly generated cartilage is turned into bone. Epiphyseal line indicates ceasation of growth |
Achondroplastic dwarfism | When epiphyseal plate stops growing prematurely |
Axial skeleton | Trunk: skull, ribs, sternum, and spinal column including sacrum |
Appendicular skeleton | Appendages- arms, legs, hands, feet |
Name the sinus bones | Frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, maxillary |
What is the only bone not connected to the skeleton? | Hyoid- connects the tongue with the larynx |
Which C spine allows for 'yes'? | C1 (atlas) |
Which C spine allows 'no'? | C2 (axis) |
How many C spine are there? | 7 |
How many T spine are there? | 12 |
How many L spine are there? | 5 |
How many sacral ones are there? | 5, fused together at adulthood |
What is the pectoral girdle? | Right and left scapula and clavicles |
Name the arm bones beginning medial to distal | Humerus, radius, ulna, carples (wrist), metacarples, phalanges |
Name the leg bones beginning medial to distal | femur, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges |
What is the pelvic girdle? | Hip bones |