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Biology IB HL - D2 Digestion Part 1

Anatomy and Physiology20 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

This deck covers the roles and mechanisms of exocrine glands in digestion, including the secretion of digestive juices and the hormonal and nervous control involved.

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WHat is the role of exocrine glands?

Exocrine glands produce and secrete substances via a duct onto an epithelial surface
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
WHat is the role of exocrine glands?
Exocrine glands produce and secrete substances via a duct onto an epithelial surface
What 2 places do exocrine glands secrete substances into/onto?
The surface of the body (e.g. sweat glands, sebaceous glands); The lumen of the digestive tract / gut (e.g. digestive glands)
What are 4 examples of digestive glands?
salivary; gastric; pancreatic; intestinal glands
What is the role of salivary glands?
Salivary glands – secrete saliva which contains amylase (breaks down starch)
What is the role of gastric glands?
secretes gastric juices which includes hydrochloric acid and proteases (breaks down protein)
What is the role of pancreatic glands?
secretes pancreatic juices which include lipase, protease and amylase
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Biology IB HL - D2 Digestion Part 1
TermDefinition
WHat is the role of exocrine glands?
Exocrine glands produce and secrete substances via a duct onto an epithelial surface
What 2 places do exocrine glands secrete substances into/onto?
The surface of the body (e.g. sweat glands, sebaceous glands); The lumen of the digestive tract / gut (e.g. digestive glands)
What are 4 examples of digestive glands?
salivary; gastric; pancreatic; intestinal glands
What is the role of salivary glands?
Salivary glands – secrete saliva which contains amylase (breaks down starch)
What is the role of gastric glands?
secretes gastric juices which includes hydrochloric acid and proteases (breaks down protein)
What is the role of pancreatic glands?
secretes pancreatic juices which include lipase, protease and amylase
What is the role of intestinal glands?
secretes intestinal juices via crypts of Lieberkuhn in the intestinal wall
What are exocrine glands composed of?
Exocrine glands are composed of a cluster of secretory cells which collectively form an acinus (plural = acini)
What are acini surrounded by?
The acini are surrounded by a basement membrane and are held together by tight junctions between secretory cells
WHat do the secretory cells possess ? (organelles)
The secretory cells possess a highly developed ER and golgi network for material secretion and are rich in mitochondria
How are exocrine products secreted?
Exocrine products are released (via secretory vesicles) into a duct, which connects to an epithelial surface
How may ducts arise? (from what are they formed)
These ducts may arise from a convergence of smaller ductules (each connected to an acinus) in order to enhance secretion
What is the secretion of digestive uices controlled by?
The secretion of digestive juices is controlled by both nervous and hormonal mechanisms
What do nervous and hormonal mechanisms control?
These mechanisms control both the volume of secretions produced and the specific content (e.g. enzymes, acids, etc.)
What does the sight and smell of food do?
The sight and smell of food triggers an immediate response by which gastric juice is secreted by the stomach pre-ingestion
What happens when food enters the stomach? (nervous mechanism)
When food enters the stomach it causes distension, which is detected by stretch receptors in the stomach lining
What does the stretching of the stomach lining cause?
Signals are sent to the brain, which triggers the release of digestive hormones to achieve sustained gastric stimulation; nervous mechanism
What secretes gastrin?
Gastrin is secreted into the bloodstream from the gastric pits of the stomach and stimulates the release of stomach acids
What happens to gastrin when stomach pH is too low?
If stomach pH drops too low (becomes too acidic), gastrin secretion is inhibited by gut hormones (secretin and somatostatin)
What stimulates the small intestine to secrete hormones?
When digested food (chyme) passes into the small intestine, the duodenum also releases digestive hormones