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Cognitive Psychology: Anatomy of Brain and CNS III

Anatomy and Physiology27 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

This deck covers key concepts related to the anatomy of the brain and central nervous system, focusing on structures such as the peripheral nervous system, ventricles, basal ganglia, and various types of nerves.

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What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?

Peripheral Nerves and Ganglia
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?
Peripheral Nerves and Ganglia
Where can grey matter be found?
• cortical layers • nuclei • spinal columns
Main parts of the Ventricles?
• Lateral Ventricles (one on each side) • Third Ventricle • Cerebral Aqueduct • Fourth Ventricle
Main function of the ventricles?
Physical support and cushioning against brain damage.
How should the Basal Ganglia actually be called and why?
Basal Nuclei, because “Ganglia” usually refers to a bunch of neuronal cell bodies in the PNS and not in the CNS.
On what substructure of the Midbrain (Mesencephalon) can you find the four colliculi (“little hills”)?
On the tectum.
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Cognitive Psychology: Anatomy of Brain and CNS III
TermDefinition
What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?
Peripheral Nerves and Ganglia
Where can grey matter be found?
• cortical layers • nuclei • spinal columns
Main parts of the Ventricles?
• Lateral Ventricles (one on each side) • Third Ventricle • Cerebral Aqueduct • Fourth Ventricle
Main function of the ventricles?
Physical support and cushioning against brain damage.
How should the Basal Ganglia actually be called and why?
Basal Nuclei, because “Ganglia” usually refers to a bunch of neuronal cell bodies in the PNS and not in the CNS.
On what substructure of the Midbrain (Mesencephalon) can you find the four colliculi (“little hills”)?
On the tectum.
Main parts of the Basal Ganglia?
• Caudate Nucleus • Putamen • (internal and external) Globus Pallidus
What part of the Basal Ganglia looks like it had a head, a body and a tail?
the Caudate Nucleus
The Globus Pallidus and the Putamen together are referred to as the?
lentiform nucleus
What cortices comprise the allocortex?
Archicortex and Paleocortex
The caudate nucleus combined with the putamen is referred to as the?
Neostriatum (aka. Striatum)
What does the Neostriatum consist of?
• caudate nucleus and • putamen
What does the lentiform nucleus consist of?
globus pallidus and putamen
What functionally related nuclei are addressed by the term “Limbic System”?
Among others: Hippocampus, Fornix, Mamillary Bodies, Amygdala.
What are the ventricles filled with?
Cerebrospinal Fluid
What is a collective term for the four colliculi sitting on the tectum of the midbrain?
corpora quadrigemina
Is the pineal gland part of the mesencephalon or the diencephalon?
diencephalon
The parts of the cerebral cortex with six layers are called __________ and all the other parts are called _______________.
The parts of the cerebral cortex with six layers are called NEOCORTEX and all the other parts are called ALLOCORTEX.
What is a nerve?
A nerve is an enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system.
What is a spinal nerve?
Spinal nerve generally refers to a mixed spinal nerve (carries motor, sensory and autonomic signals) between the spinal cord and the body.
What is a cranial nerve?
Cranial nerves are nerves that emerge directly from the brain, in contrast to spinal nerves, which emerge from the spinal cord.
The spinal nerves are part of what nervous system?
the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
How many pairs of cranial nerves do humans have (traditionally)?
12
How many pairs of spinal nerves do humans have?
31
What is the Central Nervous System's analogous structure of nerves, which occur in the PNS?
Tracts
How is a bundle of axons in the CNS called?
tract
How is a bundle of axons in the PNS called?
nerve