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Back to AI Flashcard MakerAnatomy and Physiology /Cognitive Psychology Chapter II (33-49)

Cognitive Psychology Chapter II (33-49)

Anatomy and Physiology31 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

This deck covers key concepts from Chapter II of Cognitive Psychology, including anatomy, physiology, neurotransmitters, brain imaging techniques, and the structure of the nervous system.

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What does anatomy stand for?

physical structures of the body
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
What does anatomy stand for?
physical structures of the body
What does physiology stand for?
functions and processes of the body
What study links the nervous system to cognition?
Cognitive Neuroscience
Four basic parts of a neuron?
• Soma • Dendrites • Axon • Terminal Buttons
What’s the name for the small gaps in the myelin sheath?
Nodes of Ranvier
What happens in Multiple Sclerosis?
Degeneration of Myelin Sheath
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Cognitive Psychology Chapter II (33-49)
TermDefinition
What does anatomy stand for?
physical structures of the body
What does physiology stand for?
functions and processes of the body
What study links the nervous system to cognition?
Cognitive Neuroscience
Four basic parts of a neuron?
• Soma • Dendrites • Axon • Terminal Buttons
What’s the name for the small gaps in the myelin sheath?
Nodes of Ranvier
What happens in Multiple Sclerosis?
Degeneration of Myelin Sheath
Three types of substances that are involved in Neurotransmission:
• monoamine neurotransmitters • amino-acid neurotransmitters • neuropeptides
What’s about monoamine neurotransmitters?
Monoamine neurotransmitters are synthesized through enzymatic actions on one of the amino acids in our diet.
What’s about amino-acid neurotransmitters?
Amino-acid neurotransmmitters are obtained directly from the amino acids in our diet.
What’s about neuropeptides?
Neuropeptides are peptide chains (molecules made from the parts of two or more amino acids).
Acetylcholine
linked to memory functions and sleep and arousal; loss of acetylcholine correlates with Alzheimer’s disease
Dopamine
linked to attention and learning, motivation, reinforcement and reward, high in schizophrenic conditions
Serotonin
linked to eating behavior, aggresion and regulation of impulsivity (e.g. high seratonin level -> loss of appetite)
When did Paul Broca live?
Paul Broca (1824 - 1880)
Who, related to Broca, hat severe speech impairment?
Tan, Broca’s patient (could only utter “Tan”).
Research on Tan lead to the conclusion that (what is now called) Broca’s Area is linked to …
… speech production.
It is possible to study brainwave activity indicative of changing mental states such as deep sleep and dreams through …
… EEG: • low spatial resolution • high temporal resolution
EEG stands for:
Electroencephalogram
To relate electrical activiy to a particular event or task EEG waves can be …
… averaged over a large (e.g. 100) number of trials.
EEG waves averaged over a large number of trials can reveal:
Event-Related Potentials (ERPs)
An ERP is:
the record of a small change in the brain’s electrical activity in response to a stimulating event.
List static imaging techniques:
• Aniograms • Computed Tomography (CT) • MRI
Metabolic imaging as an umbrella term for techniques focusing on …
… changes in the metabolism of the brain (oxygen and glucose).
The forebrain consists of:
• cerebral cortex • basal ganglia • limbic system • thalamus • hypothalamus
The midbrain consists of (among others):
• superior colliculi • inferior colliculi • reticular activating system • gray matter
The hindbrain consists of:
• Cerebellum • Pons • Medulla Oblongata
In metabolic imaging one can not determine whether the effect of the observed activity is …
… inhibitory or excitatory.
What does phMRI stand for?
Pharmacological MRI
What does DTI stand for?
diffusion tensor imaging
What does TMS stand for?
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
What does MEG stand for?
Magnetoencephalography