Cosmetology: Chapter 6: General Anatomy & Physiology Part 1
This flashcard set covers the basics of cell biology and tissue types, including cell structure, reproduction, and metabolic processes. It also highlights the roles of muscle and epithelial tissues in body movement and organ lining. Perfect for quick review and foundational learning.
The dense active protoplasm found in the center of the cell is:
A. Cytoplasm
B. Cell membrane
C. Nucleus
D. Chromatid
C. Nucleus
Key Terms
The dense active protoplasm found in the center of the cell is:
A. Cytoplasm
B. Cell membrane
C. Nucleus
D. Chromatid
C. Nucleus
Human cells reproduce by mitosis, dividing into two identical cells called:
A. Mother cells
B. Daughter cells
C. Father cells
D. Son cells
B. Daughter cells
The ________ is the protoplasm of a cell except for the protoplasm in the nucleus.
A. Cystine
B. Neuron
C. Cytoplasm
D. Mandible
C. Cytoplasm
The chemical process through which cells are nourished and carry out their activities is called:
A. Metabolism
B. Mitosis
C. Meiosis
D. Respiration
A. Metabolism
The constructive phase of metabolism is called:
A. Anabolism
B. Catabolism
C. Mitosis
D. Meiosis
A. Anabolism
Which type of tissue contracts and moves various parts of the body?
A. Nerve tissue
B. Muscle tissue
C. Connective tissue
D. Epithelial tissue
B. Muscle tissue
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
The dense active protoplasm found in the center of the cell is: A. Cytoplasm B. Cell membrane C. Nucleus D. Chromatid | C. Nucleus |
Human cells reproduce by mitosis, dividing into two identical cells called: A. Mother cells B. Daughter cells C. Father cells D. Son cells | B. Daughter cells |
The ________ is the protoplasm of a cell except for the protoplasm in the nucleus. A. Cystine B. Neuron C. Cytoplasm D. Mandible | C. Cytoplasm |
The chemical process through which cells are nourished and carry out their activities is called: A. Metabolism B. Mitosis C. Meiosis D. Respiration | A. Metabolism |
The constructive phase of metabolism is called: A. Anabolism B. Catabolism C. Mitosis D. Meiosis | A. Anabolism |
Which type of tissue contracts and moves various parts of the body? A. Nerve tissue B. Muscle tissue C. Connective tissue D. Epithelial tissue | B. Muscle tissue |
The basic unit of all living things is the: A. Anatomy B. Cell C. Muscle D. Nerve | B. Cell |
Which type of tissue lines the heart, the digestive and respiratory organs? A. Nerve tissue B. Muscle tissue C. Connective tissue D. Epithelial tissue | D. Epithelial tissue |
The connection between two or more bones is called a: A. Ligament B. Joint C. Tendon D. Muscle | B. Joint |
The __________ is the larger do the two bones that form the leg below the knee. A. Patella B. Fibula C. Tibia D. Femur | C. Tibia |
The oval, bony case that protects the brain is: A. Cranium B. Facial skeleton C. Hyoid bone D. Thorax | A. Cranium |
The maxillae bones form the: A. Lower jaw B. Upper jaw C. Upper arm D. Forearm | B. Upper jaw |
The two bones that form the sides and crown (top) of the cranium the: A. Parietal bones B. Occipital bones C. Lacrimal bones D. Zygomatic bones | A. Parietal bones |
The inner and larger bone in the forearm, attached to the wrist and located on the side of the little finger is the: A. Carpus B. Ulna C. Metacarpus D. Radius | B. Ulna |
The foot is made up of ______ bones. A. 6 B. 11 C. 18 D. 26 | D. 26 |
Which muscles are also known as the smooth muscles? A. Nonstriated muscles B. Cardiac muscles C. Striated muscles D. Trapezius muscles | A. Nonstriated muscles |
The part of the muscle that does not move is the : A. Belly B. Insertion C. Origin D. Tendon | C. Origin |
The broad muscle that covers the top of the head is the: A. Temporal B. Epicranius C. Deltoid D. Occipital | B. Epicranius |
The ________ are the muscles that straighten the wrist, hand and fingers to form a straight line. A. Extensors B. Pronators C. Supinators D. Flexors | A. Extensors |
The muscles at the base of the fingers that draw the fingers together are the: B. Abductors C. Extonsors D. Adductors | D. Adductors |
The system of nerves that carries impulses or messages to and from the central nervous system is called: A. Involuntary nervous system B. Voluntary nervous system C. Autonomic nerve system D. Peripheral nervous system | D. Peripheral nervous system |
Sensory nerve endings called ________ are located close to the surface of the skin. A. Reactors B. Receptors C. Capillaries D. Aural neurons | B. Receptors |
The largest artery in the human body is the: A. Jugular B. Ventricle C. Aorta D. Cartoid | C. Aorta |
The main blood supply of the arms and hands are the: A. Facial and superficial arteries B. Ulnar and radial arteries C. Radial and posterior arteries D. Ulnar and external jugular arteries | B. Ulnar and radial arteries |
The popliteal artery supplies blood to the foot and divides into two separate arteries known as: A. Anterior tibial and posterior arteries B. Anterior tibial and dorsal pedis arteries C. Internal and external jugular arteries D. Supraorbital and infraorbital arteries | A. Anterior tibial and posterior arteries |
The _________ is the primary nasal muscle of concern to cosmotologists: A. Platysmua B. Procerus C. Popliteal D. Pronator | B. Procerus |
The mental nerve affects the skin of the: A. Lower eyelid, side of the nose, upper lip and mouth B. Nose C. Forehead, scalp, eyebrow and upper eyelid D. Lower lip and chin | D. Lower lip and chin |
The __________ cranial nerve is the chief motor nerve of the face. A. Fourth B. Fifth C. Sixth D. Seventh | D. Seventh |
The greater occipital nerve is located at the ___________ of the head and affects the scalp as far up as the top of the head. A. Top B. Back C. Left side D. Right side | B. Back |
The median nerve supplies impulses to the : A. Fingers B. Wrist C. Arm and hand D. Arm and wrist | C. Arm and hand |
The deep peroneal nerve is located in the: A. Front of the arm B. Front of the leg C. Back of the leg D. Back of the arm | B. Front of the leg |
Valves are structures that temporarily close a passage or permit blood to flow in: A. All directions B. Only two directions C. Only one direction D. Only three directions | C. Only one direction |
Deoxygenated blood flows from the body into the: A. Left atrium B. Right atrium C. Left ventricle D. Right ventricle | B. Right atrium |
White blood cells are also known as: A. Leukocytes B. Hemoglobin C. Platelets D. Capillaries | A. Leukocytes |
Blood ________ the body's temperature. A. Has no effect upon B. Plays a role in equalizing C. Is the only factor affecting D. Is only capable of raising | B. Plays a role in equalizing |
The _________ supplies blood to the muscles of the eye. A. Inferior labial artery B. Infraorbital nerve C. Infraorbital artery D. Intratrochlear nerve | C. Infraorbital artery |
The _________ drain(s) the tissue spaces of excess interstitial fluid. A. Capillaries B. Lymphatic system C. Lymph nodes D. Middle temporal artery | B. Lymphatic system |
The _________ is a gland of the endocrine system that secretes enzyme-producing cells that are responsible for digesting carbohydrates, proteins and fats. A. Spleen B. Thyroid C. Lymph node D. Pancreas | D. Pancreas |
The ________ glands secrete about 30 steroid hormones and control metabolic processes of the body, including the fight-or-flight response. A. Exocrine B. Adrenal C. Endocrine D. Pituitary | B. Adrenal |
Digestive __________ are chemicals that change certain types of food into soluble form that can be used by the body. A. Exocrines B. Endocrines C. Enzymes D. Platelets | C. Enzymes |
The organ that controls the body is: A. Heart B. Brain C. Liver D. Stomach | B. Brain |
The organ that controls the body's vision: A. Kidneys B. Lungs C. Intestines D. Eyes | D. Eyes |
The heart is the organ that circulates the body's: A. Lymph B. Blood C. Water D. Spinal fluid | B. Blood |
The organs that excretes water and waste products are the: A. Intestines B. Lungs C. Kidneys D. Eyes | C. Kidneys |
The lungs supply ________ to the blood. A. Hydrogen B. Nitrogen C. Oxygen D. Carbon dioxide | C. Oxygen |
The ________ is the organ that removes waste created by digestion. A. Stomach B. Liver C. Intestine D. Kidney | B. Liver |
The ________ covers the body and is the external protective coating. A. Scapula B. Blood C. Skin D. Exoskeleton | C. Skin |
The ________ are the organs that digest food. A. Intestines and kidneys B. Intestines and liver C. Intestines and stomach D. Kidneys and stomach | C. Intestines and stomach |
The _________ system controls the steady movement of the blood through the body. A. Integumentary B. Circulatory C. Respiratory D. Lymphatic | B. Circulatory |
The ________ system changes food into nutrients and wastes. A. Lymphatic B. Endocrine C. Integumentary D. Digestive | D. Digestive |
The ________ system affects the growth, development, sexual functions and health of the entire body. A. Endocrine B. Excretory C. Digestive D. Reproductive | A. Endocrine |
The __________ system serves as a protective coating and helps regulate the body's temperature. A. Lymphatic B. Integumentary C. Skeletal D. Nervous | B. Integumentary |
The ________ system protects the body from disease by developing immunities and destroying disease-causing toxins and bacteria. A. Skeletal B. Respiratory C. Endocrine D. Lymphatic | D. Lymphatic |
The ____________ system covers, shapes and supports the skeleton tissue. A. Skeletal B. Muscular C. Nervous D. Integumentary | B. Muscular |
The _________ system controls and coordinates all other systems inside and outside of the body and makes them work harmoniously and efficiently. A. Lymphatic B. Endocrine C. Integumentary D. Nervous | D. Nervous |
The ________ system controls the processes by which plants and animals produce offspring. A. Reproductive B. Genetic C. Hereditary D. Familial | A. Reproductive |
The _________ system enables breathing, supplying the body with oxygen and eliminating carbon dioxide as a waste product. A. Nervous B. Reproductive C. Respiratory D. Endocrine | C. Respiratory |
The _________ system forms the physical foundation of the body. A. Skeletal B. Muscular C. Nervous D. Reproductive | A. Skeletal |
The study of the human body structures that can be seen with the naked eye and how the body parts are organized is: A. Physiology B. Histology C. Myology D. Anatomy | D. Anatomy |
Physiology is the study of the functions and activities performed by the : A. Body's elements B. Body's structures C. Body shapes D. Body's muscles | B. Body's structures |
The study of tiny structures found in living tissues is known as histology or: A. Microanatomy B. Microscopic physiology C. Microscopic anatomy D. Microphysiology | C. Microscopic anatomy |
Neurology is the study of structure, function and pathology of the: A. Muscular system B. Integumentary system C. Skeletal system D. Nervous system | D. Nervous system |
The study of the nature, structure and disease of the muscles is: A. Anatomy B. Myology C. Histology D. Physiology | B. Myology |