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Exam 1/2 Anatomy and Physiology : Physiology - General Part 1
This deck covers key concepts related to fluid compartments, osmosis, diffusion, and electrolyte balance in the human body, essential for understanding physiology.
_____ fluid is found outside of the cells which includes intravascular and interstitial compartments. Accounts for 20% of all body weight.
Extracellular
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
_____ fluid is found outside of the cells which includes intravascular and interstitial compartments. Accounts for 20% of all body weight.
Extracellular
____ fluid is found inside of cells.
Intracellular
______ fluid is fluid OUTSIDE cells and INSIDE blood vessels.
Intravascular
______ fluid is OUTSIDE of cells and OUTSIDE of vessels.
Interstitial
___% of fluid is interstitial.
16
____% of fluid is intravascular.
4
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
_____ fluid is found outside of the cells which includes intravascular and interstitial compartments. Accounts for 20% of all body weight. | Extracellular |
____ fluid is found inside of cells. | Intracellular |
______ fluid is fluid OUTSIDE cells and INSIDE blood vessels. | Intravascular |
______ fluid is OUTSIDE of cells and OUTSIDE of vessels. | Interstitial |
___% of fluid is interstitial. | 16 |
____% of fluid is intravascular. | 4 |
An adult human is comprised of ____% of water. | 50-60 |
____ is the movement of water through semipermeable membranes. | Osmosis |
In osmosis, _______ energy is needed and water moves from a ___ concentration to _________ concentration. | No; Low; High |
_____ is the liquid of a solution. | Solvent |
_____ is the substance within a solution. | Solute |
_____ is movement of solvent. | Osmosis |
Partial pressures are found? | Measuring gases dissolved in liquid |
pAO2 should be? | 80-100 |
pACO2 should be? | 35-45 |
A _____ solution has a higher concentration of solute than that inside of the cell. | Hypertonic |
A hypertonic solution causes cells to ______. | Shrink |
A ____ solution is one in which the solute concentration is lower than that inside of the cell. | Hypotonic |
A hypotonic solution causes cells to ____. | Swell |
An _____ solution has equal molecules inside and outside of cells. | Isotonic |
_____ fluid makes up 40% of total body weight. | Intracellular |
Sodium bicarb and D50 are examples of ____ solutions. | Hypertonic |
0.45% NS and D5W are examples of _____ solutions. | Hypotonic |
____ is a bicarbonate isotonic solution. | LR |
Diffusion is a ____ process. | Passive |
____ moves particles from area of higher concentration to lower concentration. | Diffusion |
What are the two types of carrier molecules? | Proteins | Glucose |
What are the two types of mediated transport? | Active | Facilitated |
Active transport is a carrier-mediated process that moves substances from areas of ____ concentration to _____. | Lower; higher |
Active transport works ___ gradient. | Against |
Diffusion is faster than? | Osmosis |
Active transport is faster than? | Diffusion |
is a carrier-mediated process that moves substances into and out of cells from high to low concentrations. | Facilitated diffusion |
Three drugs given to treat pulmonary edema | Lasix; Nitro; Morphine |
_ is the #1 plasma protein made in liver. | Albumin |
What is the main function of albumin? | Prevents collapse of blood vessels and is oncotic (pulls fluid back into vessels) |
Where is parasympathetic tone only found in the heart? | Atria |
Where is sympathetic tone found in the heart? | Both atria and ventricles |
Hydrostatic pressure is related to? | Blood pressure |
Increase in hydrostatic pressure results in? | Leakage into interstitial to lungs |
Pulmonary edema is a result of hydrostatic or osmotic pressure? | Hydrostatic |
___ is a substance which is too large to cross cell membrane (EX: albumin). | Colloid |
____ is a substance which can easily cross cell membrane (EX: sodium). | Crystalloid |
Plasma protein albumin creates pressure. | Osmotic |
+1 pitting edema depresses __ inches. | 1/4 |
+2 pitting edema depresses ___ inches. | 1/4 - 1/2 |
+3 pitting edema depresses _ inches. | 1/2 - 1 inch |
+4 pitting edema depresses ___ inches. | 1+ inches |
_ follows osmotic gradient established by changes in sodium concentration. | Water |
____ is the major extracellular cation of the body. | Sodium |