Back to AI Flashcard MakerAnatomy and Physiology /Exam 1/2 Anatomy and Physiology: Physiology - General Part 2
Exam 1/2 Anatomy and Physiology: Physiology - General Part 2
This deck covers key concepts in physiology, focusing on the regulation of ions, hormones, and cardiovascular functions.
Where are baroreceptors found?
Heart and great vessels.
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Where are baroreceptors found?
Heart and great vessels.
What substances directly inhibit ADH?
Alcohol and caffeine
Release of ADH is initiated by?
Increase in plasma osmolality (increase of albumin); Decrease in circulating blood volume; Lowered venous and arterial pressure
When are baroreceptors tripped?
With a decrease in blood pressure
Aldosterone is secreted from where in the body?
Adrenal cortex
____ are positively charged ion.
Cation
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Where are baroreceptors found? | Heart and great vessels. |
What substances directly inhibit ADH? | Alcohol and caffeine |
Release of ADH is initiated by? | Increase in plasma osmolality (increase of albumin); Decrease in circulating blood volume; Lowered venous and arterial pressure |
When are baroreceptors tripped? | With a decrease in blood pressure |
Aldosterone is secreted from where in the body? | Adrenal cortex |
____ are positively charged ion. | Cation |
___ are negatively charged ions. | Anions |
___ is the #1 extracellular anion. | Chloride |
What is the most common cause of hypokalemia? | Diuretic use |
Aldosterone is secreted when? | When sodium levels are low or potassium levels are high |
What happens to potassium when sodium is absorbed? | Potassium is eliminated |
When and where is renin secreted? | Secreted by the kidneys when perfusion in kidneys is decreased |
What hormone is created secondary to renin? | Angiotension II |
What is the function of angiotension II? | Vasoconstriction |
What is the function of an ace inhibitor? | Ace inhibitor blocks creation of angiotension 1 & 2 |
Ace inhibitors end in? | Pril |
Angiotension II stimulates production of? | ADH |
What is first given for dehydration? | NS 0.9% |
What is the major intracellular cation? | Potassium |
Why is potassium required within the body? | Electrical impulses |
What are the causes of hypokalemia? | Poor absorption, vomiting, diarrhea, renal disease, diuretics |
What are the signs and symptoms of hypokalemia? | Weakness, dysrhythmias, decreased reflexes, faints heart sounds, hypotension, anorexia, vomiting |
_ is an increase of potassium. | Hyperkalemia |
What causes hyperkalemia? | Renal failure, burns, crush injuries, infections, excessive use, acidosis |
What is the treatment for hyperkalemia? | Insulin |
Calcium is essential for? | Neuromuscular transmission; Cell membrane permeability; Hormone secretion; Bone growth; Muscle contraction |
What are the causes of hypocalcemia? | Parathyroid dysfunction, renal disease, malapsorbtion |
What are the signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia? | Cramps, seizures, muscle twitching |
What is the treatment for hypocalcemia? | Calcium chloride, vitamin D |
What are the causes of hypercalcemia? | Tumors, excess vitamin D, diuretics |
What are the signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia? | Muscle weakness, renal stones, altered mental status, bone pain |
What is the treatment for hypercalcemia? | Diuresis with furosemide and NS |
What is the function of magnesium? | Activates enzymes - nerve impulses |
Which electrolyte "locks down" cell membranes? | Magnesium |
Magnesium is given to? | Seizures, VTACH, labor contractions |
Hypomagnesemia is caused by? | Alcoholism, diabetes, malabsorption, starvation, diarrhea, diuresis |
What are the signs and symptoms of hypomagnesemia? | Tremors, nausea, vomiting, confusion |
What is the most effective treatment for hypermagnesemia? | Hemodialysis |
Cardiac output depends on which factors? | Strength of contraction; Rate of contraction; Amount of venous return (preload) |
What is preload? | Blood that fills heart from vena cavas |