Hair Chemistry: Ch 02 CIMA Chapter Exam Anatomy and Physiology

Why should cosmetologists have a thorough knowledge of anatomy and physiology?
a. because cosmetologists are required to differentiate between mild and serious physical conditions in order to treat such conditions
b. because cosmetologists are required to perform procedures that are listed under a medical license or podiatry license
c. because working with the bones of the face and skull adds to flattering haircuts, hairstyles, and makeup applications
d. because learning about anatomy and physiology helps cosmetologists inform a client that a specific disease is present and explain the disease

Identify a true statement about a cell’s cytoplasm.
a. It is the specialized structure in the center of the cell.
b. It is the thin layer of tissue that surrounds the cell.
c. It provides a structure for the cell parts to ensure their free movement within the cell membrane.
d. It controls the growth and reproduction of the cell and contains the cell’s genetic material.

The process of cell reproduction that occurs when a cell divides into two identical daughter cells is known as __________.
a. anabolism
b. catabolism
c. mitosis
d. meiosis

Epithelial tissue in the body __________.
a. carries messages to and from the brain
b. is fibrous tissue that binds and supports other body tissues and organs
c. contracts and moves various parts of the body
d. is seen within many body parts such as mucous membranes and the skin

Which of the following types of tissue in the body controls as well as coordinates all functions of the body?
a. connective tissue
b. nerve tissue
c. muscle tissue
d. epithelial tissue

What are organs?
a. They are specialized structures in the center of a cell.
b. They are the basic units of all living things.
c. They are groups of specialized tissues that carry out specific functions.
d. They are thin layers of tissue that surrounds a cell.

What is the function of the circulatory system?
a. to break food down into nutrients or waste for nutrition or excretion
b. to control hormone levels within the body that determine the growth, development, reproduction, and health of the entire body
c. to regulate blood movement throughout the body
d. to coordinate with all other body systems, allowing them to work efficiently and react to the environment

Understanding how nerves work will most likely help cosmetologists __________.
a. protect their own body by using proper body mechanics when they work
b. perform services such as massages, shampoos, and facial and nail services in a more safe and proficient way
c. determine the placement of makeup during application
d. influence haircutting and hairstyling options according to a client’s facial bone structure

Which of the following body systems provides a protective covering and controls body temperature?
a. the immune system
b. the skeletal system
c. the integumentary system
d. the respiratory system

Which of the following statements about the muscular system is true?
a. It protects the body from illness.
b. It eliminates toxic substances that can affect other body system functions.
c. It coordinates with all other body systems.
d. It is affected by massages performed during cosmetology services.

Which of the following statements is true of joints?
a. Joints in the elbows and hips are called immovable joints.
b. A joint refers to the connection between two or more bones.
c. Joints in the pelvis and skull are called movable joints.
d. A knee joint allows little or no movement.

One of the primary functions of the skeletal system is to __________.
a. provide a protective covering and regulate body temperature
b. protect the body from disease by developing immunities
c. help in the production of red and white blood cells
d. control hormone levels within the body

A cosmetologist should have an understanding of the skeletal system because __________.
a. the skeletal system is the body’s messaging system
b. the main function of the skeletal system is to nourish and oxygenate all the systems at the cellular level
c. it helps protect the cosmetologist and clients from exposure to infection and disease
d. it helps protect the cosmetologist’s own body by using proper body mechanics while working

__________ are two bones that form the sides and top of the skull’s cranium.
a. Occipital bones
b. Frontal bones
c. Parietal bones
d. Temporal bones

__________ bones, also called cheekbones or malar bones, form the prominence of the cheeks and outer parts of the eye sockets.
a. Lacrimal
b. Temporal
c. Zygomatic
d. Maxillae

Which of the following is the U-shaped bone at the tongue’s base that supports the tongue and its muscles?
a. maxillae bone
b. parietal bone
c. mandible bone
d. hyoid bone

__________, also called the shoulder blades, are two large, flat, and triangular shoulder bones.
a. Cervical vertebrae
b. Scapulae
c. Clavicles
d. Maxillae bones

The uppermost and largest bone in the arm, extending from the elbow to the shoulder, is called the __________.
a. humerus
b. ulna
c. radius
d. phalanges

Which of the following is the larger of the two leg bones below the knee on the big toe side that supports most of the body’s weight?
a. fibula
b. patella
c. tibia
d. talus

Voluntary muscles (striated) are __________.
a. muscles found only in the heart
b. controlled by the autonomic nervous system
c. muscles that a person can control at will
d. responsible for controlling body functions such as digestion

Identify a true statement about origin, which is one of the three parts of a muscle.
a. It is the movable part of the muscle anchored to the bone.
b. It is attached farthest from the skeleton.
c. It is the middle part of the muscle.
d. It is anchored to the bone.

The broad muscle that extends from the pectoral and deltoid muscles to the side of the chin and is responsible for lowering the lower jaw and lip is called the __________.
a. occipitalis
b. platysma
c. sternocleidomastoideus
d. frontalis

Which of the following muscles surrounds and elevates the upper lip and dilates the nostrils, as when expressing distaste?
a. levator palpebrae superioris
b. zygomaticus major
c. levator labii superioris
d. zygomaticus minor

The large, triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint that lets the arm extend outward and to the side of the body is called the __________.
a. bicep
b. supinator
c. deltoid
d. pronator

Muscles that draw a body part toward the midline of the body and draw the fingers together in the hand are called __.
a. deltoids
b. extensors
c. adductors
d. abductors

The extensor digitorum longus is the muscle that __.
a. covers the outer side of the calf and inverts the foot and turns it outward
b. originates at the upper portion of the fibula and bends the foot down
c. bends the foot upward and inward
d. extends the toes and bends the foot up

Which of the following is the foot muscle that flexes the toes and helps with the maintenance of balance while standing and walking?
a. abductor digiti minimi
b. flexor digitorum brevis
c. flexor digiti minimi
d. abductor hallucis

The __ controls involuntary muscle action and the action of the smooth muscles, glands, blood vessels, heart, and breathing.
a. integumentary system
b. skeletal system
c. autonomic nervous system (ANS)
d. peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Motor nerves __.
a. carry messages from the sense organs to the brain and spinal cord
b. are also known as afferent nerves
c. carry impulses from the brain to the glands or muscles
d. pass impulses to the brain and back through the sensory nerves to the muscles

Which of the following statements is true of pulmonary circulation?
a. It carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart throughout the body.
b. It is also known as general circulation.
c. It carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs for the purpose of oxygenation and waste removal.
d. It returns oxygen-poor blood back to the heart.

Thin-walled blood vessels that carry waste products that contain blood to the heart and lungs for cleaning and to pick up oxygen are called __.
a. capillaries
b. arteries
c. arterioles
d. veins

Which of the following statements is true about blood?
a. It helps protect the body from harmful toxins and bacteria by working with the immune system.
b. It is a clear or pale-yellow fluid that contains white blood cells.
c. It is circulated through lymph vessels.
d. It travels through the circulatory system to supply carbon dioxide to cells.

The external carotid artery __.
a. supplies blood to the anterior parts of the face, neck, scalp, ear, and sides of the head
b. supplies blood to the brain, eyes, eyelids, forehead, nose, and internal ear
c. is on both sides of the neck
d. divides into an internal and external branch

The __ system is a significant part of the immune system, which helps defend against infection.
a. endocrine
b. lymphatic
c. integumentary
d. circulatory

A clear or pale-yellow fluid that has white blood cells and travels through lymph vessels is known as __.
a. The aorta
b. blood
c. lymph
d. The clavicle

Which of the following statements is true about the lymphatic system?
a. The lymphatic system transports waste material from the blood to the body cells.
b. The lymphatic system consists of the heart, arteries, and veins.
c. Lymph nodes help filter bacteria, viruses, and cancer cells.
d. Lymph nodes are connected by capillaries.

The integumentary system includes the __ and its accessory organs.
a. thymus gland
b. pituitary gland
c. heart
d. skin

Identify a true statement about the skin.
a. It is part of the endocrine system.
b. It protects the body from outside elements, such as chemicals, germs, and sun exposure.
c. Its primary function is to transport waste material from the body cells to the blood.
d. It supplies oxygen and nutrients to cells.

Identify an exocrine gland.
a. the pituitary gland
b. the thyroid gland
c. the sebaceous gland
d. the adrenal gland

Which of the following statements associated with the endocrine system is true?
a. The endocrine system includes skin, oil glands, sweat glands, hair, and nails.
b. The endocrine system coordinates with all other body systems, allowing them to work efficiently and react to the environment.
c. Hormones secreted by the endocrine glands seldom influence the body.
d. Hormones secreted by the endocrine glands are chemical substances such as estrogen, insulin, and adrenaline, which stimulate activities in the body.