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Histology - Cardiac Development Part 2

Anatomy and Physiology32 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

This deck covers key concepts in cardiac development, focusing on the formation of heart structures and the transition of cells during development.

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a subset of cells that undergo endothelial to mesenchymal transition, and migrate into the cardiac jelly (towards to interior of the heart tube) where they will "swell", and give rise to the heart's valves and septa.

endocardial cushions
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
a subset of cells that undergo endothelial to mesenchymal transition, and migrate into the cardiac jelly (towards to interior of the heart tube) where they will "swell", and give rise to the heart's valves and septa.
endocardial cushions
Partition of the right and left ventricles
Interventricular septum
Form from bulges in the wall of the Conotruncal region during AP septum formation, with valve leaflets are hollowed from the cushion tissue forming semilunar valve.
semilunar valve formation
left atrium arises from…
the gradual incorporation of the pulmonary veins into its posterior wall
Umbilical vein
(1)-supplies oxygenated blood from placenta to fetus; drains into IVC.
Primitive atrium becomes…
Rough part of right atrium (pectinate muscles), both R & L auricles.
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Histology - Cardiac Development Part 2
TermDefinition
a subset of cells that undergo endothelial to mesenchymal transition, and migrate into the cardiac jelly (towards to interior of the heart tube) where they will "swell", and give rise to the heart's valves and septa.
endocardial cushions
Partition of the right and left ventricles
Interventricular septum
Form from bulges in the wall of the Conotruncal region during AP septum formation, with valve leaflets are hollowed from the cushion tissue forming semilunar valve.
semilunar valve formation
left atrium arises from…
the gradual incorporation of the pulmonary veins into its posterior wall
Umbilical vein
(1)-supplies oxygenated blood from placenta to fetus; drains into IVC.
Primitive atrium becomes…
Rough part of right atrium (pectinate muscles), both R & L auricles.
right atrium comes from…
the right horn and transverse portion of the sinus venosus
Directs cardiac looping
Pitx2
endocardial cushions formed (3)
1. Anterior (ventral)/posterior (dorsal) 2. Right/left (not shown) 3. Right/left conotruncal (swellings or ridges)
Ventricular septal defects (VSDs)
Anomalies of the Interventricular septum
Umbilical arteries
(2)-return deoxygenated blood from fetal internal iliac arteries to placenta.
Primitive atria gives rise to
Trabeculated left and right atrium
Fused Anterior and Posterior Endocardial Cushions (center), Right and Left Endocardial Cushions (sides)
Formation of Atrioventricular (mitral) Valves
R & L sides each with own portion of pericardial cavity fuse into one tube surrouded by pericardial cavity in week 3 and 4!
Fusion of dorsal aortae
AV & SL Valve abnormalities
Atresia (absence), Stenosis (narrowing)
ductus arteriosus
pulmonary-to­ systemic shunt. Deoxygenated blood from the SVC is expelled into the pulmonary artery and ___ to lower body.
Formation of the atrioventricular septum
1. Anterior & posterior endocardial cushions bulge into the the AV canal growing toward each other until they fuse, dividing the lumen of the AV canal into right and left halves.
What happens at birth.
infant takes a breath; decreased resistance in pulmonary vasculature causes an increase left atrial pressure vs. right atrial pressure; foramen ovale closes (now called fossa ovalis); increase in 02 leads to decrease, in prostaglandins, causing closure of ductus arteriosus.
Boundary between Primative Atrium and & Sinus Venosus derivatives
Crista terminalis
Trabeculated part of left ventricle (main part) comes from…
Primitive ventricle
affects cilia development in the primitive node - forms left-sweeping cilia
FGF8
a foramen in the septum primum.
Foramen secundum
Partitions the primitive atrium, formed on the left side and rather thin and flimsy.
Septum primum
Bulbus cordis gives rise to
Right ventricle and smooth parts (outflow tract) of left and right ventricle
Partitions the primitive atrium, formed on the right side. Thick and firm.
Septum secundum
Separates the primitive atrium into right and left atrium. Involves 2 septa and 3 three foramena.
Interatrial septum
Inferior edge of Aorticopulmonary Septum grows downward to meet the the membranous portion of the interventricular septum (IVS).
Closure of the IV Septum
foramen ovale
Diverts most blood from the IVC and into the right atrium to the left atrium and out to the aorta.
Ductus venosus
Conducts blood entering the fetus through the umbilical vein into the IVC to bypass hepatic circulation.
Truncus arteriosus + Conus cordis (outflow, arterial)
Conotruncal region
later in 3rd week after primary heart field formation has begun additional cardiogenic cells are recruited from viseral mesoderm medial to PHF.
Secondary Heart Field development
foramen secundum
Perforations in septum primum, maintains right-to-left shunt as septum secundum begins to grow.