Back to AI Flashcard MakerAnatomy and Physiology /Histology - Epithelium Part 2
Histology - Epithelium Part 2
This deck covers key concepts related to epithelial tissue, including cell structures, functions, and types of junctions.
Cilia
Long projections used for movement of substances and cells, synchronized movement. Less organized, 9+2 arrangement of microtubules.
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Cilia
Long projections used for movement of substances and cells, synchronized movement. Less organized, 9+2 arrangement of microtubules.
Cell-to-Matrix Adherents
Hemidesmosomes, Focal Adhesions
Apical specilization that establishes extracellular microenvironments at membrane surface. Functions: metabolism, cell regocnition, receptor sites etc. Composed of: glycoproteins and glycolipids.
Glycocalyx
orderly series of 3 junctions, tight junction, adherens junction (ZA), desmosome (D) - terminal bar at light level.
Junctional complex (@ TEM)
Blisters
Strong abrasionand sheering disrupts Focal Adhesions causing separation of epithelial cells from connective tissue and fluid accumulation.
Apical Domain
Directly Contacts Luminal Contents or External Area
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Cilia | Long projections used for movement of substances and cells, synchronized movement. Less organized, 9+2 arrangement of microtubules. |
Cell-to-Matrix Adherents | Hemidesmosomes, Focal Adhesions |
Apical specilization that establishes extracellular microenvironments at membrane surface. Functions: metabolism, cell regocnition, receptor sites etc. Composed of: glycoproteins and glycolipids. | Glycocalyx |
orderly series of 3 junctions, tight junction, adherens junction (ZA), desmosome (D) - terminal bar at light level. | Junctional complex (@ TEM) |
Blisters | Strong abrasionand sheering disrupts Focal Adhesions causing separation of epithelial cells from connective tissue and fluid accumulation. |
Apical Domain | Directly Contacts Luminal Contents or External Area |
is an assembly of six proteins that can be a part of a gap junction channel between the cytoplasm of two adjacent cells. Two come together to complete intercellular gap junction channel. | connexon |
a benign tumor of epithelial tissue with glandular origin, glandular characteristics, or both. | adenoma |
Interdigitations of plasma membrane of adjacent cell lateral comains located below levelk of the junctional complex that increases surface area for interlocking cells and fluid and electrolyte transport via transcellular pathway. | Lateral Folds |
Apical Folds | Increase surface area for mainly absorption and secretion between lumen/external environment |
Integrins | transmembrane receptors that are the bridges for cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions. When triggered, integrins in turn trigger chemical pathways to the interior (signal transduction) |
Hemidesmosomes | Integrin proteins attached to Basal lamina outside cell and attachment plaque inside cell. Keratin intermediate filaments strengthen them by adhering to attachment plaque. Resists abrasion, sheering, and tearing forces between Epithelial Cells and Basal Lamina. Strong attachment between epithelial cell and basal lamina. |
Special arrangement of microtubules. 9 outer doublets, and 2 central singlets. Abbreviated '9+2'. Anchored into the basal body. | Cilia core |
Cell-to-Cell Adherents | Adheren Junctions (Zonula adherens), Desmosome (Macula adheren) |
proteins located on the cell surface involved in binding with other cells or with the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the process called cell adhesion. | Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) |
a type of cancer that develops from epithelial cells. | carcinoma |
Weave back and forth through each cell’s plasma membrane several times | transmembrane proteins |
9 triplets | Basal body MT composition |
occludin and claudins that weave through each cell's plasma membrane and extend into ICS. | Transmembrane proteins |
rows of transmembrane proteins from adjacent cells that appear as ridges or stitches that act as a barrier to paracellular transport pathway. | Junctional strands |
a type of connective tissue that has a network of reticular fibers, made of type III collagen and only in this lamina are they dominant. Have anchoring fibers and plaques (loops). Thickness varies with frictional force applied to overlying Epi. | reticular lamina |
directly contacts the luminal contecnts or external environment. Site of absorption and secretion. | Apical domain |
types of large macromolecular assemblies through which both mechanical force and regulatory signals are transmitted that serve as the mechanical linkages to the ECM, at sites of integrin binding and clustering. | focal adhesions |
Desmosome (Macula adheren) | Desmosome Cadherin (CAM) insert into intercellular space and overlap each other, inserted into attachment plaque inside cell. Strengthened by keratin intermediate filaments. |
localized spot-like adhesions randomly arranged on the lateral sides of plasma membranes. help to resist shearing forces and are found in simple and stratified squamous epithelium. 'velcro dots' | desmosome |
a layer of extracellular matrix secreted by the epithelial cells, on which the epithelium sits. Functions: attachment epithelium to CT, regulation/filtration: exchange b/w E + CT, scaffolding (for regeneration). | basal lamina |
Tight Junction (Zonula Occludens) | Transmembrane proteins (Occludins and Clausind) weaved back and forth through both cell’s plasma membrane several times that blocks molecular movement between intercellular space. Wrap around cell like a belt. Establishes polarity in cell. |
Formation of cell/tissue masses as the result of the proliferation of neoplastic cells. | Tumor |
short, finger-like projections of the apical plasma membrane & cytoplasm into the lumen. Very uniform and itghly packed. Increase SA for absorption (and secretion). | Microvilli |
Paracellular Transport | Exchange of small solutes, ions, and water between lumen and connective tissue between the lateral domains. Also allows movement of White blood cells into the Connective tissue |
small stud- or rivet-like structures on the inner basal surface of keratinocytes in the epidermis of skin that attach one cell to the extracellular matrix. | hemidesmosomes |
zonula adherens, intermediate junction, or 'belle desmosome' | Adherens junctions names |
Exchange of small solutes, ions, and water to/from lumen and CT by pasing netween lateral domains. Passive provess. | Paracellular transport |