StudyXY
RegisterLog in
Back to AI Flashcard MakerAnatomy and Physiology /Histology Fetal Development and Complications - Reverse Part 2

Histology Fetal Development and Complications - Reverse Part 2

Anatomy and Physiology30 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

This deck covers key concepts related to fetal development, placental structure, and potential complications during pregnancy.

PrintEmbedImportReport

Abnormal appearance due to compression of fetus against uterus, e.g., limb abnormalities, flattened face. Typically caused by bilateral renal agenesis or ACM rupture. Characterized by oligohydramnios, anuria (no urination), pulmonary hypoplasia (under-developed lungs)

Oligohydramnios (Potter’s) Sequence
Tap or swipe ↕ to flip
Swipe ←→Navigate
1/30

Key Terms

Term
Definition
Abnormal appearance due to compression of fetus against uterus, e.g., limb abnormalities, flattened face. Typically caused by bilateral renal agenesis or ACM rupture. Characterized by oligohydramnios, anuria (no urination), pulmonary hypoplasia (under-developed lungs)
Oligohydramnios (Potter’s) Sequence
Attaches fetus to placenta. (55 cm length, 1-2 cm diameter) Contains: 1 umbilical vein (blood: placenta to fetus), 2 umbilical arteries, (blood: fetus to placenta), loops of intestine, yolk sac, vitelline vessels, allantois (waste collection).
Umbilical cord
risk of cord prolapse or the cord encircling fetal neck, called nuchal cord.
long cord
restricted fetal movements, early detachment of placenta from uterus during delivery.
short cord
fetal hypoxia/anoxia (little/no oxygen); may be fatal
True knot (umbilical)
Collection, storage of fetal blood cells. Alternative to bone marrow transplants. Pros: No discomfort, abundant viabble stem cells, minimized host-graft rejection. Cons: expensive, low prob of use.
Umbilical cord blood banking
Log in to view all terms

Related Flashcard Decks

Anatomy and Physiology

A-LEVEL PE (OCR): PAPER 1 - Recovery, Altitude and Heat

These flashcards explain key concepts related to oxygen use during and after exercise, including EPOC (Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption), oxygen deficit, and the two stages of recovery. They highlight how the body restores itself to a pre-exercise state and compensates for oxygen demands during physical activity.

42 cards
View Deck
Anatomy and Physiology

A-LEVEL PE (OCR): PAPER 1 - Cardiovascular & Respiratory System Part 2

This flashcard set covers fundamental concepts in cardiovascular and respiratory physiology, including vasodilation, pre-capillary sphincter function, the effect of temperature on venous return and cardiac output, and the active or passive nature of inspiration and expiration at rest and during exercise.

35 cards
View Deck
Anatomy and Physiology

A-LEVEL PE (OCR): Cardiovascular & Respiratory System Part 1

This deck covers key concepts related to the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, including definitions, pathways, and physiological processes.

35 cards
View Deck
Anatomy and Physiology

A-LEVEL PE (OCR): PAPER 1 - The Muscular System Part 2

This flashcard set lists the primary agonist muscles responsible for key movements at the knee and ankle joints: biceps femoris for knee flexion, rectus femoris for knee extension, gastrocnemius and soleus for ankle plantarflexion, and tibialis anterior for ankle dorsiflexion.

34 cards
View Deck
Anatomy and Physiology

A-LEVEL PE (OCR): PAPER 1 - The Muscular System Part 1

This deck covers key concepts and definitions related to the muscular system, including types of muscle contractions, movements, and the muscles involved in specific joint actions.

35 cards
View Deck
Anatomy and Physiology

3MB Psychiatry: Neurobiology of Cognition

This flashcard set outlines the key functions of the frontal lobe, including movement, executive function, personality, and language. It also describes specific clinical tests for frontal lobe function, such as verbal fluency and the Luria step test.

20 cards
View Deck

Study Tips

  • Press F to enter focus mode for distraction-free studying
  • Review cards regularly to improve retention
  • Try to recall the answer before flipping the card
  • Share this deck with friends to study together
Histology Fetal Development and Complications - Reverse Part 2
TermDefinition
Abnormal appearance due to compression of fetus against uterus, e.g., limb abnormalities, flattened face. Typically caused by bilateral renal agenesis or ACM rupture. Characterized by oligohydramnios, anuria (no urination), pulmonary hypoplasia (under-developed lungs)
Oligohydramnios (Potter’s) Sequence
Attaches fetus to placenta. (55 cm length, 1-2 cm diameter) Contains: 1 umbilical vein (blood: placenta to fetus), 2 umbilical arteries, (blood: fetus to placenta), loops of intestine, yolk sac, vitelline vessels, allantois (waste collection).
Umbilical cord
risk of cord prolapse or the cord encircling fetal neck, called nuchal cord.
long cord
restricted fetal movements, early detachment of placenta from uterus during delivery.
short cord
fetal hypoxia/anoxia (little/no oxygen); may be fatal
True knot (umbilical)
Collection, storage of fetal blood cells. Alternative to bone marrow transplants. Pros: No discomfort, abundant viabble stem cells, minimized host-graft rejection. Cons: expensive, low prob of use.
Umbilical cord blood banking
site of nutrient and gas exchange between fetus & mother; produces pregnancy hormones like hCG.
Placenta
maternal part of the placenta, derived from endometrium
Decidua basalis
fetal part of placenta, derived from chorion
Villous chorion
endometrium during pregnancy adjacent to the smooth chorion
decidua capsularis
endometrium during pregnancy not directly associated with the chorion.
decidua parietalis
name for extraembryonic mesoderm plus trophoblast layers
Chorion
fetal placenta adjacent to decidua basalis, highly vascular. develops as the cytotrophoblast and extraembryonic mesoderm and grows into the syncytiotrophoblast. NO MIXING OF MATERNAL AND FETAL BLOOD!!
Villous chorion
less vascular, non-placental region adjacent to decidua capsularis
Smooth chorion
1. synctiotrophoblast 2. cytotrophoblast 3. extraembryonic mesoderm 4. endothelial cells lining fetal capillaries.
Placental barrier before 4 months fertilization age
1. syncytiotrophoblast 2. endothelial cells lining fetal capillaries. Now increased exchange. Cytotrophoblast cells detach and migrate to lin maternal arteries.
Placental barrier after 4 months fertilization age
blocks: large, complex molecules, many protein hormones, many bacteria. Allows: gas, nutrient, waste exchange, steroid hormones, some antibodies, most medications/drugs, many viruses.
Placental barrier (membrane)
clinical concern > 4 months. Caused by failed migration of cytotrophoblast cells or maternal immune response to invading cytotrophoblast cells. Increases pressure in maternal vessels. Results in maternal hypertension, preoteinuria, slowed fetal growth, potential death.
Preeclampsia
follows preeclampsia and is characterized by seizures.
Eclampsia
placenta attaches to the myometrium of uterus
Placenta accreta
placenta invades myometrium of uterus
Placenta increta
placenta penetrate the uterus and extends into body cavity
Placenta percreta
dichorionic, diamniotic (DCDA, DiDi): 2 amnions, 2 chorions, 2 placentas. 2 oocytes released at ovulation & fertilized separately, unique DNA, 'fraternal'.
DZ twins
2 amnions, 1 chorion, 1 placenta. 1 oocyte released at ovulation, fertilized by 1 sperm, same DNA, 'identical'. each blastocyst implants separately in endometrium
MZ twins: dichorionic, diamniotic (DCDA, DiDi)
1 amnion, 1 chorion, 1 placenta. 1 oocyte released at ovulation, fertilized by 1 sperm. I embryblast at implantation = 1 amnion. 2 epiblasts after implantation = 2 fetuses. 1 trophoblast = 1 chorion, 1 placenta.
MZ twins: monochorionic, monoamniotic (MCMA, MoMo)
Spermreach oocyte, pass through CR. Acrosome reaction (male), Zona reaction (female). Sperm fuses with ocyte membrane, oocyte completes M2. Pronuclei fuse to from single diploid nucleus.
Day 1
Cleavage, compaction (day 4), cavitation, hatching, implantation (day 6)
Week 1
uteroplacental circulation, trophoblast differentiation (cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast.), bilaminar disc formation, chorionic cavity formation, hcG detectable day 8.
Week 2
ectopic pregnancy, placenta previa, molar pregnancy, choriocarcinoma.
Week 2 complications
Gastrulation, neurulation, NODAL expression, FGF8 expression, hypoblast displaced, body axes established, lateral body folding.
Weeks 3-4