Back to AI Flashcard MakerAnatomy and Physiology /Histology Fetal Development Part 3
Histology Fetal Development Part 3
This deck covers key concepts in fetal development, including placental attachment, twin types, developmental milestones, and genetic mutations affecting vertebral formation.
Placenta accreta
placenta attaches to the myometrium of uterus
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Placenta accreta
placenta attaches to the myometrium of uterus
Placenta increta
placenta invades myometrium of uterus
Placenta percreta
placenta penetrate the uterus and extends into body cavity
DZ twins
dichorionic, diamniotic (DCDA, DiDi): 2 amnions, 2 chorions, 2 placentas. 2 oocytes released at ovulation & fertilized separately, unique DNA, 'frater...
MZ twins: dichorionic, diamniotic (DCDA, DiDi)
2 amnions, 1 chorion, 1 placenta. 1 oocyte released at ovulation, fertilized by 1 sperm, same DNA, 'identical'. each blastocyst implants separately in...
MZ twins: monochorionic, monoamniotic (MCMA, MoMo)
1 amnion, 1 chorion, 1 placenta. 1 oocyte released at ovulation, fertilized by 1 sperm. I embryblast at implantation = 1 amnion. 2 epiblasts after imp...
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Placenta accreta | placenta attaches to the myometrium of uterus |
Placenta increta | placenta invades myometrium of uterus |
Placenta percreta | placenta penetrate the uterus and extends into body cavity |
DZ twins | dichorionic, diamniotic (DCDA, DiDi): 2 amnions, 2 chorions, 2 placentas. 2 oocytes released at ovulation & fertilized separately, unique DNA, 'fraternal'. |
MZ twins: dichorionic, diamniotic (DCDA, DiDi) | 2 amnions, 1 chorion, 1 placenta. 1 oocyte released at ovulation, fertilized by 1 sperm, same DNA, 'identical'. each blastocyst implants separately in endometrium |
MZ twins: monochorionic, monoamniotic (MCMA, MoMo) | 1 amnion, 1 chorion, 1 placenta. 1 oocyte released at ovulation, fertilized by 1 sperm. I embryblast at implantation = 1 amnion. 2 epiblasts after implantation = 2 fetuses. 1 trophoblast = 1 chorion, 1 placenta. |
Day 1 | Spermreach oocyte, pass through CR. Acrosome reaction (male), Zona reaction (female). Sperm fuses with ocyte membrane, oocyte completes M2. Pronuclei fuse to from single diploid nucleus. |
Week 1 | Cleavage, compaction (day 4), cavitation, hatching, implantation (day 6) |
Week 2 | uteroplacental circulation, trophoblast differentiation (cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast.), bilaminar disc formation, chorionic cavity formation, hcG detectable day 8. |
Week 2 complications | ectopic pregnancy, placenta previa, molar pregnancy, choriocarcinoma. |
Weeks 3-4 | Gastrulation, neurulation, NODAL expression, FGF8 expression, hypoblast displaced, body axes established, lateral body folding. |
Intermediate mesoderm | forms urogenital system |
parietal layer of lateral plate mesoderm | forms connective tissue of body wall and limbs |
visceral layer of lateral plate mesoderm | GI/respiratory organs except epithelial lining |
Weeks 4-8 | somites differentiate (wk 4), myotome differentiation (wk 5), resegmentation (wk 5), organogenesis |
week 6 | chondrification centers for vertebral column develop |
week 7 | primary ossification centers for vertebral column develop |
week 8 | ribs form (sclerotome), tail regresses, limbs rotate/enlongate, digits and face develop, |
hox9 | produces floating ribs |
hox 10 | prevents rib formation |
sternum formation | from parietal layer of lateral plate mesoderm |
Hox11 | sacralization of vertebrae |
Anencephaly | rostral neuropore doesn't close |
spina bifida | causal neuropore doesn't close |
Caudal dysgenesis | malformed pelvis, underdeveloped lower limbs, 250X more in pregestational diabetics |
Sirenomelia | form of CD, mermaid syndrome |
Mutation of Hox9 | Loss of function: ribcages with all ribs attacted to sternum |
Mutation of Hox10 | Loss of function: lumbar and sacral vertebrae with ribs. Gain of function: Thoracic vertebrae without ribs |
Mutation of Hox 11 | LoF: Sacral vertevrae that donot fuse. GoF: vertebrae at various levels fusing |
Spondylolysis | fracture of pars interarticularis |
Sacralization of L5 vertebra | Hox11 gain of function mutation at L5 |
Weeks 9+ (fetal period) | bone ossification centers (wk 12), ext genetalia visible (wk 12), swallowing and urine formation (wk 10), respiratory movements (wk 15) |
Sound and light recognition | weeks 24 - 28 |