Back to AI Flashcard MakerAnatomy and Physiology /Histology Fetal Development Part 3

Histology Fetal Development Part 3

Anatomy and Physiology33 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

This deck covers key concepts in fetal development, including placental attachment, twin types, developmental milestones, and genetic mutations affecting vertebral formation.

Placenta accreta

placenta attaches to the myometrium of uterus
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
Placenta accreta
placenta attaches to the myometrium of uterus
Placenta increta
placenta invades myometrium of uterus
Placenta percreta
placenta penetrate the uterus and extends into body cavity
DZ twins
dichorionic, diamniotic (DCDA, DiDi): 2 amnions, 2 chorions, 2 placentas. 2 oocytes released at ovulation & fertilized separately, unique DNA, 'frater...
MZ twins: dichorionic, diamniotic (DCDA, DiDi)
2 amnions, 1 chorion, 1 placenta. 1 oocyte released at ovulation, fertilized by 1 sperm, same DNA, 'identical'. each blastocyst implants separately in...
MZ twins: monochorionic, monoamniotic (MCMA, MoMo)
1 amnion, 1 chorion, 1 placenta. 1 oocyte released at ovulation, fertilized by 1 sperm. I embryblast at implantation = 1 amnion. 2 epiblasts after imp...

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TermDefinition
Placenta accreta
placenta attaches to the myometrium of uterus
Placenta increta
placenta invades myometrium of uterus
Placenta percreta
placenta penetrate the uterus and extends into body cavity
DZ twins
dichorionic, diamniotic (DCDA, DiDi): 2 amnions, 2 chorions, 2 placentas. 2 oocytes released at ovulation & fertilized separately, unique DNA, 'fraternal'.
MZ twins: dichorionic, diamniotic (DCDA, DiDi)
2 amnions, 1 chorion, 1 placenta. 1 oocyte released at ovulation, fertilized by 1 sperm, same DNA, 'identical'. each blastocyst implants separately in endometrium
MZ twins: monochorionic, monoamniotic (MCMA, MoMo)
1 amnion, 1 chorion, 1 placenta. 1 oocyte released at ovulation, fertilized by 1 sperm. I embryblast at implantation = 1 amnion. 2 epiblasts after implantation = 2 fetuses. 1 trophoblast = 1 chorion, 1 placenta.
Day 1
Spermreach oocyte, pass through CR. Acrosome reaction (male), Zona reaction (female). Sperm fuses with ocyte membrane, oocyte completes M2. Pronuclei fuse to from single diploid nucleus.
Week 1
Cleavage, compaction (day 4), cavitation, hatching, implantation (day 6)
Week 2
uteroplacental circulation, trophoblast differentiation (cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast.), bilaminar disc formation, chorionic cavity formation, hcG detectable day 8.
Week 2 complications
ectopic pregnancy, placenta previa, molar pregnancy, choriocarcinoma.
Weeks 3-4
Gastrulation, neurulation, NODAL expression, FGF8 expression, hypoblast displaced, body axes established, lateral body folding.
Intermediate mesoderm
forms urogenital system
parietal layer of lateral plate mesoderm
forms connective tissue of body wall and limbs
visceral layer of lateral plate mesoderm
GI/respiratory organs except epithelial lining
Weeks 4-8
somites differentiate (wk 4), myotome differentiation (wk 5), resegmentation (wk 5), organogenesis
week 6
chondrification centers for vertebral column develop
week 7
primary ossification centers for vertebral column develop
week 8
ribs form (sclerotome), tail regresses, limbs rotate/enlongate, digits and face develop,
hox9
produces floating ribs
hox 10
prevents rib formation
sternum formation
from parietal layer of lateral plate mesoderm
Hox11
sacralization of vertebrae
Anencephaly
rostral neuropore doesn't close
spina bifida
causal neuropore doesn't close
Caudal dysgenesis
malformed pelvis, underdeveloped lower limbs, 250X more in pregestational diabetics
Sirenomelia
form of CD, mermaid syndrome
Mutation of Hox9
Loss of function: ribcages with all ribs attacted to sternum
Mutation of Hox10
Loss of function: lumbar and sacral vertebrae with ribs. Gain of function: Thoracic vertebrae without ribs
Mutation of Hox 11
LoF: Sacral vertevrae that donot fuse. GoF: vertebrae at various levels fusing
Spondylolysis
fracture of pars interarticularis
Sacralization of L5 vertebra
Hox11 gain of function mutation at L5
Weeks 9+ (fetal period)
bone ossification centers (wk 12), ext genetalia visible (wk 12), swallowing and urine formation (wk 10), respiratory movements (wk 15)
Sound and light recognition
weeks 24 - 28