Back to AI Flashcard MakerAnatomy and Physiology /Histology - GI System
Histology - GI System
This deck covers key concepts and structures of the gastrointestinal (GI) system in histology, including cell types, gland locations, and structural transitions within the GI tract.
Replace all cell types
Stem cells (in isthmus)
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Replace all cell types
Stem cells (in isthmus)
parts of GI tract with submucosal glands
duodenum, esophagus
Stomach - ELSMS/A
E: simple columnar LP: fundic, cardiac, pyloric glands SM: rugae ME: inner oblique, middle circular, outer longitundinal. S/A: serosa
Small Intestine - ELSMS/A
E: simple columnae LP: vili, intestinal glands, Peyer’s patches (ileum). SM: circular folds, Brunner’s glands. ME: inner circular, outer longitunindal...
apical, small intestine. Antimicrobial secretions that regulate gut flora.
Paneth cells
HCl: lowers pH. Intrinsic factor: B12 absorption
Parietal cells
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Replace all cell types | Stem cells (in isthmus) |
parts of GI tract with submucosal glands | duodenum, esophagus |
Stomach - ELSMS/A | E: simple columnar LP: fundic, cardiac, pyloric glands SM: rugae ME: inner oblique, middle circular, outer longitundinal. S/A: serosa |
Small Intestine - ELSMS/A | E: simple columnae LP: vili, intestinal glands, Peyer’s patches (ileum). SM: circular folds, Brunner’s glands. ME: inner circular, outer longitunindal. S/A: serosa (except duodenum) |
apical, small intestine. Antimicrobial secretions that regulate gut flora. | Paneth cells |
HCl: lowers pH. Intrinsic factor: B12 absorption | Parietal cells |
Smooth Muscle Sphincter Layer | Muscularis Externa |
lymphatic capillaries, uptake chylomicrons (modified triglycerides) | Lacteals |
Transition from simple columnar to stratified columnar to stratified squamous non keratinized | Rectoanal junction |
Pepsinogen: converted to pepsin by low pH, digests protein | Chief cells |
Esophagus - ELSMS/A | E: Stratified squamous non-keratinized LP: esophageal cardiac glands (lower) SM: esophageal glands ME: skeletal (upper) -> sk & sm (middle) -> smooth (lower) S/A: Adventitia |
Secrete hormones like gastrin, CCK, secretin. Regulate gastric, intestinal, pancreatic, gallbladder activity -G cells, I cells, S cells, etc. | Enteroendocrine cells |
antigen transport cells, phagocytizes antigen & transports it to lamina propria | M cells |
Soluble mucus: lubrication | Mucous neck cells |
Large Intesting - ELSMS/A | E: simple columnar. LP: intestinal glands. SM: - ME: inner circular, outer longintudinal (teniae coli). S/A: serosa in transverse and sigmoid. Adventitia in the rest. |
submucosal glands | Esophageal glands, Brunner’s Glands (duodenum) |
Lacteals, fenestrated capillaries, smooth muscle, GALT | Villus lamina propria components |
cells found in the follicle-associated epithelium of the Peyer’s patch that transportantigens from the gut lumen to immune cells across the epithelial barrier, and thus are important in stimulating mucosal immunity. | M cells (or microfold cells) are |
permanent infolds of the lamina propria | Intestinal glands |
Insoluble mucus: barrier | Surface mucous cells |
Gut mucosal immunology | 1. M cells phagocytize antigen and transport ot LP. 2. Immune cells in GALT activate plasma cells. 3. Plasma cells secrete antibodies that are transported to the lumen. |
outer layer of adventitia | distal duodenum, esophagus, ascending and descending colon, rectum |
goblet cells secrete mucus for lubrication & protection | Intestinal glands |
cytoplasmic folds on enterocytes | Microvilli |
LARGE INTESTINE functions | absorbs electrolytes & water, eliminates waste |
Enterocytes, Goblet Cells | Villus epithelium components |
Fundic Glands | surface mucous cels, stem cells, mucous neck cells, parietal cells, chief cells, enteroendocrine cells |
Stratified squamous non-keratinized to statified squamous keratinized at anus. Internal anal sphincter is smooth muscle while external anal canal is skeletal muscle. | Anal canal |
permanent outfolds of the lamina propria | Villi |
permanent folds of submucosa | Circular folds (plicae circulares) |
LARGE INTESTINE unique features. | Simple columnar epithelium, intestinal glands in LP, teniae coli in outerlongitudinal layer |