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Histology - Liver, Gall Bladder Part 2

Anatomy and Physiology20 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

This deck covers key concepts related to the histology of the liver and gall bladder, focusing on cellular structures, functions, and mechanisms.

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Cuboid exocrine cells.

Centroacinar cells - pale nucleus, basal membranes have receptors for secretin from duodenum. Located at center of pancreatic acinus. Produce alkaline fluid to keep digestive enzymes inactive until they reach the duodenum.
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
Cuboid exocrine cells.
Centroacinar cells - pale nucleus, basal membranes have receptors for secretin from duodenum. Located at center of pancreatic acinus. Produce alkaline...
portal lobule
triangular; centered on a portal triad, bile secretion. 3 central veins in periphery, bile drinas to center, blood to periphery.
classical lobule
hexagonal; central vein central. Six portal areas in periphery, blood drains centrally, bile drains to periphery, separated by septa.
pyramid shaped exocrine cells, release granules of digestive enzymes.
Acinar cells. have receptors for CCK from duodenum apex. Contain secretory granules (zymogen granules) granules are full of digestive enzymes and proe...
70% of islet cells, center of islet, produces insulin
B-Cell
separates sinusoidal lining cells from hepatocytes, intermediary space between blood and hepatocytes.
Perisinusoidal space (or space of Disse). Microvilli of hepatocytes extend into this space, allowing proteins and other plasma components from the sin...
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Histology - Liver, Gall Bladder Part 2
TermDefinition
Cuboid exocrine cells.
Centroacinar cells - pale nucleus, basal membranes have receptors for secretin from duodenum. Located at center of pancreatic acinus. Produce alkaline fluid to keep digestive enzymes inactive until they reach the duodenum.
portal lobule
triangular; centered on a portal triad, bile secretion. 3 central veins in periphery, bile drinas to center, blood to periphery.
classical lobule
hexagonal; central vein central. Six portal areas in periphery, blood drains centrally, bile drains to periphery, separated by septa.
pyramid shaped exocrine cells, release granules of digestive enzymes.
Acinar cells. have receptors for CCK from duodenum apex. Contain secretory granules (zymogen granules) granules are full of digestive enzymes and proenzymes like trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, carboxypeptidase, amylase, lipase, nuclease.
70% of islet cells, center of islet, produces insulin
B-Cell
separates sinusoidal lining cells from hepatocytes, intermediary space between blood and hepatocytes.
Perisinusoidal space (or space of Disse). Microvilli of hepatocytes extend into this space, allowing proteins and other plasma components from the sinusoids to be absorbed. Contains Ito Cells, drins into lymph. Can be obliterated in liver disease, leading to decreased uptake by hepatocytes of nutrients and wastes (bilirubin).
concentrattion of bile system
active transport of sodium out of epithelial cells into intercellular space that causes passive aquaporin-mediated movement of water into epithelial cell lamina propria.Sodium and water then taken up by vascular system, leading ot water in lumen to passively move into epithelial cells. Continual flow of water form lumen into cells, to vascular system of laminal propria in wall of gall bladder driven by sodium active transport into intracellular space.
exocrine pancreas
pancreatic acini - tubuloacinar serous glands. 40-50 acinar cells per pancreatic acinus. Basal lamina separates acinar from septa.
derived from vitelline vein. Between plates of hepatocytes, blood draining from portal areas to central vein.
hepatic sinusoids
hepatocytes in portal area (high ox. conc.)that contain an increased number of golgi apparati, RER, and mitochondria for biochemical pathways requiring more ATP (such as protein synthesis, amino acid catabolism, gluconeogenesis, and the urea cycle).
Periportal hepatocytes
20% of islet cells, on periphery, produces glucagon
A-cell
hepatocyte features
Derived from endoderm, quarter are binucleate, most polyploid. Six-sided cubes, 20-30 um in diameter. Two sinusoidal domains, four lateral domains.
the connective, functionally supportive framework derived from mesoderm
stroma, Glisson's Capsule, septa, reticular fibers
release of bile mechanism
bile is released from GB by enteroendocrine cells during digestion in response to cholecystokinin.
hepatic acinus of Rappaport
oval or diamond-shaped; distributing arteriole is at center of lobule, two central veins and two portal veins are in periphery. zones of oxygenation.
epithelial cells of biliary system
cholangiocytes - beginning with intrahepatic bile ductules, microvilli and long primary cilium.
5% of islet cells, periphery of islet
D-Cell - produce somatostatin
a small division of the liver defined at the histological scale.
hepatic lobule
A space in the lateral domain where there are no junctions that allows an opening (or groove) to form.
Bile Canaliculi - A thin tube that collects bile secreted by hepatocytes. The bile canaliculi merge and form bile ductules, which eventually become common hepatic duct.
connective tissue stroma continuous with Glisson’s capsule that contain blood vessels, bile ducts, nerves, lymph vessels. Separate hepatocytes into liver lobules.
liver septa