Back to AI Flashcard MakerAnatomy and Physiology /Histology, Molecular Embryology, and Trunk Development Part 1
Histology, Molecular Embryology, and Trunk Development Part 1
This deck covers key concepts in histology, molecular embryology, and trunk development, focusing on the roles of signaling molecules, transcription factors, and gene expression in embryonic development.
surface ectoderm induced by
High BMP4 and low Shh
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
surface ectoderm induced by
High BMP4 and low Shh
neural crest induced by
Intermediate BMP4 and Shh
neural tube induced by
low BMP4 and high Shh
SNAIL/SLUG
specifies neural crest cell fate/promotes cells migration
specification of the mesoderm
BMP4 concentration gradient
lateral plate mesoderm (lpm) IB
high BMP4
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
surface ectoderm induced by | High BMP4 and low Shh |
neural crest induced by | Intermediate BMP4 and Shh |
neural tube induced by | low BMP4 and high Shh |
SNAIL/SLUG | specifies neural crest cell fate/promotes cells migration |
specification of the mesoderm | BMP4 concentration gradient |
lateral plate mesoderm (lpm) IB | high BMP4 |
intermediate mesoderm(im) IB | intermediate BMP4 |
paraxial mesoderm (pm) IB | low BMP4, differentiates into somites |
Hox proteins | transcription factors responsible for craniocaudal body segmentation, e.g. Hoxa1, Hoxd13 |
homeobox genes | 4 chromosomes, 13 gene clusters that code for Hox proteins. Provide spatial/temporal colinearity of gene expression & development |
Somite development order | Cranial to caudal. RA (cranial) promotes Hox gene expression. FGF8 (caudal) inhibits Hox. |
someite differentiation front | located where RA signal overpowers FGF8 signal |
RA | induces paraxial mesoderm to form somites via Hox. intercellular signaling molecule that guides development of the posterior portion of the embryo. |
Shh (effect on mesoderm) | from notocord induces sclerotome |
Wnt (effect on mesoderm) | from neural tube/surface ectoderm induces myotome |
NT-3 (effect on mesoderm) | from neural tube induces dermatome |
myotome | part of a somite that forms the muscles of the animal. cells express MyoD or Myf5. |
dermatome | differentiate into dermis. the dorsal portion of the paraxial mesoderm somite which gives rise to dermis. |
scleratome (signal + TF) | SHH -> Pax1 |
myotome (signal + TF) | WNT -> MRF (Myf5 + MoyD) |
dermatome (signal + TF) | NT-3 -> Pax3 |
NODAL | a secretory protein that induces lateral plate mesoderm to form left-side structures by promoting expression of Pitx2. |
Pitx2 | responsible for the establishment of the left-right axis, the asymmetrical development of the heart, lungs, and spleen, twisting of the gut and stomach, as well as the development of the eyes. locally expressed in the left lateral mesoderm, tubular heart, and early gut which leads to the asymmetrical development of organs and looping of the gut. |
dorsalization | BMP4 from ectoderm promoting expression of Pax 3 & Pax 7 |
ventralization | Shh from the notocord antagonizes BMP4 (represses Pax 3 & Pax 7) |