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Histology - Nervous Tissue Part 1

Anatomy and Physiology20 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

This deck covers key concepts related to nervous tissue histology, including cell types, structures, and functions within the central and peripheral nervous systems.

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choroid epithelial cells

involved in cerebral spinal fluid
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
choroid epithelial cells
involved in cerebral spinal fluid
White Matter
Myelin is lipid-rich, and on gross inspection appears white. Thus, in the ‘white matter’ of the brain and spinal cord, myelinated axons are the predom...
bipolar neurons
retina, cranial nerve I, cranial nerve VIII
ependymal cells
cells line ventricular spaces (spinal fluid)
Dorsal Root Ganglia
Contain the cell bodies of sensory neurons. The neuron cell bodies belong to large, pseudounipolar sensory neurons that have a single “T-shaped” proce...
sensory ganglia
pseudounipolar neurons, high neuron density, large # of satellite cells, and NO synapses.
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Histology - Nervous Tissue Part 1
TermDefinition
choroid epithelial cells
involved in cerebral spinal fluid
White Matter
Myelin is lipid-rich, and on gross inspection appears white. Thus, in the ‘white matter’ of the brain and spinal cord, myelinated axons are the predominant neuronal component, whereas ‘gray matter’ contains relatively more neuronal and glial perikarya and non-myelinated (e.g. dendritic) processes.
bipolar neurons
retina, cranial nerve I, cranial nerve VIII
ependymal cells
cells line ventricular spaces (spinal fluid)
Dorsal Root Ganglia
Contain the cell bodies of sensory neurons. The neuron cell bodies belong to large, pseudounipolar sensory neurons that have a single “T-shaped” process; these are the afferent fibers carrying sensory information from the periphery (sensory receptors in the skin, joints and muscles that respond to touch, temperature, pain, stretch) to the dorsal horn, where they synapse on neurons in the spinal cord. NOTE: these sensory neurons are an exception to the typical neuron, in that they do not have separate dendrites and an axonal process, but rather one branched process that serves both functions.
sensory ganglia
pseudounipolar neurons, high neuron density, large # of satellite cells, and NO synapses.
axonal retrograde transport
uses microtubules and dynein, how viruses can spread between neurons.
oligodendrocytes
Branched processes that myelate CNS axons. Has multiple internodal segments on multiple axons. . Involved in MS.
multipolar neurons
99% of all neurons
autonomic ganglia
motor, multipolar, low neuron density, fewer satellite cells, synapses. Takes two neurons to get to target.
neural crest
origin of PNS: neurons, Schwann cells, satellite cells.
epimeirium
the outermost layer of dense irregular connective tissue surrounding a peripheral nerve.
endoneurium
a layer of delicate connective tissue that encloses the myelin sheath of a nerve fiber.
perineurium
protective sheath that surrounds nerve fasciles.

CNS Neurons - spinal cord

Parasympathetic ganglia located in the organ that is being innervated.

pseudounipolar sensory neurons
Afferent fibers carrying sensory information from the periphery (sensory receptors in the skin, joints and muscles that respond to touch, temperature, pain, stretch) to the dorsal horn, where they synapse on neurons in the spinal cord. NOTE: these sensory neurons are an exception to the typical neuron, in that they do not have separate dendrites and an axonal process, but rather one branched process that serves both functions.
oligodendrocytes
A type of glial cell responsible for myelination of CNS axons.
axodendritic
axon synapses on a dendrite
major dense lines
(dark line) formed by the closely apposed cytoplasmic faces of the plasma membrane, and measuring 2.5nm thick, in myelin sheath.